Stealth aircraft

Short description: Aircraft which use stealth technology to avoid detection

The world's six operational stealth aircraft, by date of entry into service, from top, left to right:

1. The U.S.'s Northrop B-2 Spirit (1997)
2. The U.S.'s Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor (2005)
3. The U.S.'s Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II (2015)
4. China's Chengdu J-20 (2017)
5. Russia's Sukhoi Su-57 (2020)
6. China's Shenyang J-35 (2025)

Stealth aircraft are designed to avoid detection using a variety of technologies that reduce reflection/emission of radar, infrared,[1] visible light, radio frequency (RF) spectrum, and audio, collectively known as stealth technology.[2] The F-117 Nighthawk was the first operational aircraft explicitly designed around stealth technology. Other examples of stealth aircraft include the B-2 Spirit, the F-22 Raptor,[3] the F-35 Lightning II,[4][5] the Chengdu J-20,[6] the Shenyang J-35, and the Sukhoi Su-57.

While no aircraft is completely invisible to radar, stealth aircraft make it more difficult for conventional radar and radar-guided weapons to detect or track the aircraft effectively.[7][8] Stealth is a combination of passive low observable (LO) features and active emitters. LO features encompass the geometric stealth shaping of the aircraft, often using a lambda wing or trapezoidal wing, and radiation-absorbent material. Active emitters consist of low-probability-of-intercept radars, radios and laser designators. These are typically combined with operational measures to minimize the aircraft's radar cross-section (RCS), since common hard turn maneuvers or opening bomb bay doors can more than double a stealthy aircraft's radar return.[9][10] Stealth aircraft are sometimes complemented by reduced heat, sound, and other emissions. Countermeasures to stealth include infrared search and track systems to detect even reduced heat emissions,[11] long wavelength radars, which counter stealth shaping and material focused on shorter wavelength radar,[12] or radar setups with multiple emitters to counter stealth shaping.[13]

Full-size stealth combat aircraft demonstrators have been flown by the United States (in 1977), Russia (in 2000) and China (in 2011).[14] As of 2025[update], the only crewed stealth aircraft in service are the Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit (1997), the Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor (2005), the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II (2015),[15][16] the Chengdu J-20 (2017),[17] the Sukhoi Su-57 (2020),[18] and the Shenyang J-35 (2025)[19] a number of other countries developing their own designs. In-development aircraft include fighters such as the US F-47 and China's J-36, as well as strategic bombers, China's H-20 and Russia's PAK DA. There are also various aircraft with reduced detectability, either unintentionally or as a secondary feature.

Stealth aircraft first saw combat when the F-117 was used in the 1989 United States invasion of Panama. Since then U.S., UK, and Israeli stealth aircraft have seen combat, primarily in the Middle East, while the Russian Su-57 has seen combat in the Russian invasion of Ukraine. In March 2026, during the 2026 Iran war, a stealth fighter first shot down a crewed fighter in combat, when an Israeli F-35I "Adir" downed an Iranian Yak-130 fighter jet over Tehran.[20][21] As of 2026[update], there has been one confirmed shootdown of a stealth aircraft, during the 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia, of a USAF F-117 by a Serbian Isayev S-125 'Neva-M' missile brigade commanded by Colonel Zoltán Dani, while a second incident damaged an F-117. Russia and allegedly China studied the relatively intact wreckage.

## Contents

* 1 Design principles
* 2 Limitations
* 2.1 Instability of design
* 2.2 Aerodynamic limitations
* 2.3 Electromagnetic emissions
* 2.4 Vulnerable modes of flight
* 2.5 Reduced payload
* 2.6 Sensitive skin
* 2.7 Cost of operations
* 3 Countermeasures
* 3.1 Reflected waves
* 3.2 Infrared (heat)
* 3.3 Longer wavelength radar
* 3.4 OTH radar (over-the-horizon radar)
* 4 History
* 4.1 World War I and World War II
* 4.2 Modern origins
* 4.3 Modern operations
* 5 List of stealth aircraft
* 6 See also
* 7 References
* 7.1 Bibliography
* 8 External links

## Design principles

Vehicles like this RAH-66 proved challenging to design stealth capabilities for.

Besides all the usual demands of flight, the design of a stealth or low-observability aircraft aims to reduce radar and infrared (thermal) detection, including:

* Reduce thermal infra-red emission from the engine and its exhaust wake
* Reduce radar reflection back to a hostile receiver by shaping the airframe
* Reduce radar reflections from the airframe by the use of radar-absorbent materials (RAM) or radar-transparent materials such as plastics.
* Reduce radar detection from exposed internal surfaces such as the cockpit, weapons bay and engine intake ducting.

The distance at which a target can be detected for a given radar configuration varies with the fourth root of its radar cross-section (RCS).[22] Therefore, in order to cut the detection distance to one tenth, the RCS should be reduced by a factor of 10,000. Size, shape, material composition, radar frequency, polarization, and direction of observation all factor into the amount of energy reflected by a target when illuminated by radar.[23]

Rotorcraft introduce a particular design challenge, due not only to their multiple wing surfaces and articulated joints, but also to the constantly-changing relationship of these to the main airframe surfaces. The Boeing–Sikorsky RAH-66 Comanche was one of the first attempts at a stealth helicopter.

## Limitations

B-2 Spirit stealth bomber of the U.S. Air Force

### Instability of design

Early stealth aircraft were designed with a focus on minimal RCS rather than aerodynamic performance. Highly stealthy aircraft like the F-117 Nighthawk are aerodynamically unstable in all three axes and require constant flight corrections from a fly-by-wire (FBW) flight system to maintain controlled flight.[24] As for the B-2 Spirit, which was based on the development of the flying wing aircraft[25] by Jack Northrop in 1940, this design allowed for a stable aircraft with sufficient yaw control, even without vertical surfaces such as rudders.

### Aerodynamic limitations

Earlier stealth aircraft (such as the F-117 and B-2) lack afterburners, because the hot exhaust would increase their infrared footprint, and flying faster than the speed of sound would produce a sonic boom, as well as surface heating of the aircraft skin, which also increases the infrared footprint. As a result, their performance in air combat maneuvering required in a dogfight would never match that of a dedicated fighter aircraft. This was unimportant in the case of these two aircraft since both were designed to be bombers. More recent design techniques allow for stealthy designs such as the F-22 without compromising aerodynamic performance. Newer stealth aircraft, like the F-22, F-35 and the Su-57, have performance characteristics that meet or exceed those of front-line jet fighters due to advances in other technologies such as flight control systems, engines, airframe construction and materials.[3][4]

### Electromagnetic emissions

Radar Warning Receivers look for regular pings of energy from mechanically swept radars while fifth generation jet fighters use Low Probability of Intercept Radars with no regular repeat pattern.[26]

### Vulnerable modes of flight

Stealth aircraft are still vulnerable to detection while and immediately after using their weaponry. Since stealth payload (reduced RCS bombs and cruise missiles) is not yet generally available, and ordnance mounting points create a significant radar return, stealth aircraft usually carry all armaments internally. When payload bay doors are opened, the plane's RCS can be increased , diminishing stealth characteristics and making it vulnerable to detection. While the aircraft will reacquire its stealth as soon as the bay doors are closed, a fast response defensive weapons system has a short opportunity to engage the aircraft.

This vulnerability is addressed by operating in a manner that reduces the risk and consequences of temporary acquisition. The B-2's operational altitude imposes a flight time for defensive weapons that makes it virtually impossible to engage the aircraft during its weapons deployment. New stealth aircraft designs such as the F-22 and F-35 can open their bays, release munitions and return to stealthy flight in less than a second.{{citation needed|date=February 2015} Some weapons require that the weapon's guidance system acquire the target while the weapon is still attached to the aircraft. This forces relatively extended operations with the bay doors open.

Such aircraft as the F-22 Raptor and F-35 Lightning II Joint Strike Fighter can also carry additional weapons and fuel on hardpoints below their wings. When operating in this mode the planes will not be nearly as stealthy, as the hardpoints and the weapons mounted on those hardpoints will show up on radar systems. This option therefore represents a trade off between stealth or range and payload. External stores allow those aircraft to attack more targets further away, but will not allow for stealth during that mission as compared to a shorter range mission flying on just internal fuel and using only the more limited space of the internal weapon bays for armaments.

### Reduced payload

In a 1994 live fire exercise near Point Mugu, California, a U.S. Air Force B-2 Spirit dropped forty-seven 500 lb (230 kg) class Mark 82 bombs, which represents about half of a B-2's total ordnance payload in Block 30 configuration.

Fully stealth aircraft carry all fuel and armament internally, which limits the payload. By way of comparison, the F-117 carries only two laser- or GPS-guided bombs, while a non-stealth attack aircraft can carry several times more. This requires the deployment of additional aircraft to engage targets that would normally require a single non-stealth attack aircraft. This apparent disadvantage, however, is offset by the reduction in fewer supporting aircraft that are required to provide air cover, air-defense suppression and electronic counter measures, making stealth aircraft "force multipliers".

### Sensitive skin

Main article: Engineering:Skin (aeronautics)

Stealth aircraft often have skins made with radiation-absorbent materials (RAMs). Some of these contain carbon black particles, while some contain tiny iron spheres. There are many materials used in RAMs, however generally the specifics as to the composition of the materials are classified.[27]

### Cost of operations

Stealth aircraft are usually expensive to develop and manufacture. For example, the B-2 Spirit is many times more expensive to manufacture and support than conventional bomber aircraft. The B-2 program cost the U.S. Air Force almost $45 billion.[28]

## Countermeasures

### Reflected waves

Main articles: Engineering:Radar and Radio wave

Passive (multistatic) radar, bistatic radar[29] and especially multistatic radar systems detect some stealth aircraft better than conventional monostatic radars, since first-generation stealth technology (such as the F-117) reflects energy away from the transmitter's line of sight, effectively increasing the RCS in other directions, which the passive radars monitor. Such a system typically uses either low frequency broadcast TV and FM radio signals (at which frequencies controlling the aircraft's signature is more difficult).

Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign with support of DARPA, have shown that it is possible to build a synthetic aperture radar image of an aircraft target using passive multistatic radar, possibly detailed enough to enable automatic target recognition.[30]

In December 2007, SAAB researchers revealed details for a system called Associative Aperture Synthesis Radar (AASR) that would employ a large array of inexpensive and redundant transmitters and receivers that could detect targets when they directly pass between the receivers/transmitters and create a shadow.[31] The system was originally designed to detect stealthy cruise missiles and should be just as effective against low-flying stealth aircraft. That the array could contain a large amount of inexpensive equipment could potentially offer some "protection" against attacks by expensive anti-radiation missiles (ARMs).

### Infrared (heat)

Main article: Physics:Infrared signature

Some analysts claim Infra-red search and track systems (IRSTs) can be deployed against stealth aircraft, because any aircraft surface heats up due to air friction and with a two-channel IRST is a CO
2 (4.3 μm absorption maxima) detection possible, through difference comparing between the low and high channel.[32][33] These analysts point to the resurgence in such systems in Russian designs in the 1980s, such as those fitted to the MiG-29 and Su-27. The latest version of the MiG-29, the MiG-35, is equipped with a new Optical Locator System that includes more advanced IRST capabilities. The French Rafale, the British/German/Italian/Spanish Eurofighter and the Swedish Gripen also make extensive use of IRST.

In air combat, the optronic suite allows:

* Detection of non-afterburning targets at 45-kilometre (28 mi) range and more;
* Identification of those targets at 8-to-10-kilometre (5.0 to 6.2 mi) range; and
* Estimates of aerial target range at up to 15 kilometres (9.3 mi).

For ground targets, the suite allows:

* A tank-effective detection range up to 15 kilometres (9.3 mi), and aircraft carrier detection at 60 to 80 kilometres (37 to 50 mi);
* Identification of the tank type on the 8-to-10-kilometre (5.0 to 6.2 mi) range, and of an aircraft carrier at 40 to 60 kilometres (25 to 37 mi); and
* Estimates of ground target range of up to 20 kilometres (12 mi).

### Longer wavelength radar

VHF radar systems have wavelengths comparable to aircraft feature sizes and should exhibit scattering in the resonance region rather than the optical region, allowing most stealth aircraft to be detected. This has prompted Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Radio Engineering (NNIIRT) to develop VHF AESAs such as the NEBO SVU, which is capable of performing target acquisition for surface-to-air missile batteries. Despite the advantages offered by VHF radar, their longer wavelengths result in poor resolution compared to comparably sized X band radar array. As a result, these systems must be very large before they can have the resolution for an engagement radar. An example of a ground-based VHF radar with counter-stealth capability is the P-18 radar.

The Dutch company Thales Nederland, formerly known as Holland Signaal, developed a naval phased-array radar called SMART-L, which is operated at L Band and has counter-stealth. All ships of the Royal Dutch Navy's De Zeven Provinciën class carry, among others, the SMART-L radar.

### OTH radar (over-the-horizon radar)

Over-the-horizon radar is a concept increasing radar's effective range over conventional radar. The Australian JORN Jindalee Operational Radar Network can overcome certain stealth characteristics.[34] It is claimed that the HF frequency used and the method of bouncing radar from ionosphere overcomes the stealth characteristics of the F-117A. In other words, stealth aircraft are optimized for defeating much higher-frequency radar from front-on rather than low-frequency radars from above.

## History

### World War I and World War II

The Linke-Hofmann R.I prototype, an experimental German World War I bomber covered with transparent covering material (1917–1918)

During World War I, the Germans experimented with the use of Cellon (cellulose acetate), a transparent covering material, in an attempt to reduce the visibility of military aircraft. Single examples of the Fokker E.III Eindecker fighter monoplane, the Albatros C.I two-seat observation biplane, and the Linke-Hofmann R.I prototype heavy bomber were covered with Cellon. However, it proved ineffective, and even counterproductive, as sunlight glinting from the covering made the aircraft even more visible. The material was also found to be quickly degraded both by sunlight and in-flight temperature changes, so the attempt to make transparent aircraft was not proceeded with.[35]

In 1916, the British modified a small SS class airship for the purpose of night-time aerial reconnaissance over German lines on the Western Front. Fitted with a silenced engine and a black gas bag, the craft was both invisible and inaudible from the ground, but several night-time flights over German-held territory produced little useful intelligence, and the idea was dropped.[36]

Nearly three decades later, the Horten Ho 229 flying wing fighter-bomber was developed in Nazi Germany during the last years of World War II. In 1983, its designer Reimar Horten claimed that he planned to add charcoal to the adhesive layers of the plywood skin of the production model to render it invisible to radar.[37] This claim was investigated, as the Ho 229's lack of vertical surfaces, an inherent feature of all flying wing aircraft, is also a key characteristic of all stealth aircraft. Tests were performed in 2008 by the Northrop Grumman Corporation to establish if the aircraft's shape would have avoided detection by top-end HF-band, 20–30 MHz primary signals of Britain's Chain Home early warning radar, if the aircraft was traveling at high speed (approximately 550 mph [890 km/h]) at extremely low altitude—50–100 feet (15–30 m).[38] The testing did not find any evidence that charcoal was used, and confirmed that it would have been a poor absorber if used, concluding that the Ho 229 did not have stealth characteristics and was never intended to be a stealth aircraft.[39]

### Modern origins

F-117 Nighthawk, the first operational aircraft explicitly designed around stealth technology

Modern stealth aircraft first became possible when Denys Overholser, a mathematician working for Lockheed Aircraft during the 1970s, adopted a mathematical model developed by Petr Ufimtsev, a Soviet scientist, to develop a computer program called Echo 1. Echo made it possible to predict the radar signature of an aircraft made with flat panels, called facets. In 1975, engineers at Lockheed Skunk Works found that an aircraft made with faceted surfaces could have a very low radar signature because the surfaces would radiate almost all of the radar energy away from the receiver. Under a 1977 contract from DARPA, Lockheed built a proof of concept demonstrator aircraft, the Lockheed Have Blue, nicknamed "the Hopeless Diamond", a reference to the famous Hope Diamond and the design's shape and predicted instability. Because advanced computers were available to control the flight of an aircraft that was designed for stealth but aerodynamically unstable such as the Have Blue, for the first time designers realized that it might be possible to make an aircraft that was virtually invisible to radar.[40][41] Lockheed soon developed the Have Blue into F-117.[40]

Reduced radar cross section is only one of five factors the designers addressed to create a truly stealthy design such as the F-22. The F-22 has also been designed to disguise its infrared emissions to make it harder to detect by infrared homing ("heat seeking") surface-to-air or air-to-air missiles. The F-22 puts a focus on air superiority, with supercruise, high thrust-to-weight ratio, integrated avionics and stealth capabilities.[3]

### Modern operations

The first combat use of purpose-designed stealth aircraft was in January 1968, Operation "Prize Crew". Two Lockheed Missiles and Space Company QT-2 (Quiet Thrusters) operated in near silence over South Vietnam at low altitudes at night without running lights. Using handheld night vision scopes, they could locate, observe, identify the enemy, and report on or call in offensive weapons to destroy the enemy. The QT-2PC was followed by the Army-Lockheed YO-3A "Quiet Star". Nine of the eleven production airplanes were deployed to Vietnam in June 1970. They operated silently at night, without running lights, and were equipped with a second-generation Night Vision Aerial Periscope, Laser Target Designator, and Tracking infrared illuminator. In 14 months of operation at 800–1,500 feet, no YO-3A ever took a round. They successfully shut down the VC night movement in the Delta. YO-3As were involved in locating and calling in offensive weapons to destroy the largest Russian Trawler[clarification needed] entering South Vietnamese waters.[42]

On 20 December 1989, during Operation Just Cause in Panama, two United States Air Force F-117s bombed a Panamanian Defense Force barracks in Rio Hato, Panama. In 1991, F-117s were tasked with attacking the most heavily fortified targets in Iraq in the opening phase of Operation Desert Storm and were the only coalition aircraft allowed to operate inside Baghdad's city limits and over its airspace.[43] The F-117 while having sufficient stealth, also had a low visual signature. Even still, if the F-117 was visually acquired, it, like all aircraft, were subject to visual air-to-air interception. This was easily circumvented by flying at night.[44]

The F-22 Raptor, is an American fifth-generation stealth air superiority fighter

The U.S., UK, Israel, and Russia are the only countries to have used stealth aircraft in combat.[45][46] These deployments include the United States invasion of Panama, the first Gulf War, the Kosovo conflict, the war in Afghanistan, the war in Iraq and the 2011 military intervention in Libya. The first use of stealth aircraft was in the U.S. invasion of Panama, where F-117 Nighthawk stealth attack aircraft were used to drop bombs on enemy airfields and positions while evading enemy radar.[47]

The F-117 Nighthawk was used in the Gulf War in 1990, in which 42 F-117s flew 1,299 sorties and scored 1,664 direct hits with laser-guided bombs while not suffering battle damage, while hitting 1,600 high-value targets in Iraq.[48] F-117s flew approximately 168 strikes against Scud-associated targets[49] while accumulating 6,905 flight hours. Only 2.5% of the American aircraft in Iraq were F-117s, yet they struck 40% of the strategic targets, dropping 2,000 tons of precision-guided munitions and striking their targets with an 80% success rate.[50][51] However, the F-117 still had flaws; it had to refuel and was defenesless in an enemy attack. All F-117 sorties had to be refueled.[49]

In the 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia two stealth aircraft were used by the United States: the veteran F-117 Nighthawk, and the newly introduced B-2 Spirit strategic stealth bomber. The F-117 performed its usual role of striking precision high-value targets and performed well, although one F-117 was shot down by a Serbian Isayev S-125 'Neva-M' missile commanded by Colonel Zoltán Dani. A second F-117 was reportedly targeted and possibly struck during Operation Allied Force, with the incident alleged to have occurred on 30 April 1999.[52] The aircraft is said to have returned in a damaged condition to Spangdahlem Air Base,[52] but reportedly did not fly again. Despite this incident, the United States Air Force continued to operate the F-117 throughout the duration of the campaign.[53] The event was later corroborated by another F-117A pilot in 2020; however, the incident remains classified, and only limited details have been disclosed.[54][55] Russian officials confirmed they had examined the wreckage, contributing to the development of the Sukhoi Su-57 fighter and under development Tupolev PAK DA bomber.[56] China also allegedly purchased wreckage parts, contributing to the Chengdu J-20 fighter.[57] The then-new B-2 Spirit was highly successful, destroying 33% of all Serbian bombing targets in the first eight weeks of U.S. involvement in the war. During this war, B-2s flew non-stop to Kosovo from their home base in Missouri and back.[58]

In the 2003 invasion of Iraq, F-117 Nighthawks and B-2 Spirits were used, and this was the last time the F-117 would see combat. F-117s dropped satellite-guided strike munitions on selected targets, with high success. B-2 Spirits conducted 49 sorties in the invasion, releasing more than 1.5 million pounds of munitions.[58]

Stealth aircraft were used in the 2011 military intervention in Libya, where B-2 Spirits dropped 40 bombs on a Libyan airfield with concentrated air defenses in support of the UN no-fly zone.[59]

Stealth aircraft will continue to play a valuable role in air combat with the United States using the F-22 Raptor, B-2 Spirit, and the F-35 Lightning II to perform a variety of operations. The F-22 made its combat debut over Syria in September 2014 as part of the U.S.-led coalition to defeat ISIS.[60]

From February 2018, Su-57s performed the first international flight as they were spotted landing at the Russian Khmeimim Air Base in Syria. These Su-57s were deployed along with four Sukhoi Su-35 fighters, four Sukhoi Su-25s, and one Beriev A-50 AEW&C aircraft.[61] It is believed that at least 4 Su-57 are deployed in Syria[62] and that they have likely been armed with cruise missiles in combat.[63]

In 2018, a report surfaced noting that Israeli F-35I stealth fighters conducted a number of missions in Syria and even infiltrated Iranian airspace without detection.[45] In May 2018, Major General Amikam Norkin of IAF reported that Israeli Air Force F-35I stealth fighters carried out the first-ever F-35 strike in combat over Syria.[46]

The People's Republic of China started flight testing its Chengdu J-20 stealth multirole fighter around in 2011 and made its first public appearance at Airshow China 2016. The aircraft entered service with the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) in March 2017.[64][65][66] Another fifth-generation stealth multirole fighter from China, the Shenyang FC-31 is also under flight testing.[67]

Australia operates a fleet of 72 F-35A stealth strike fighters,[68] and is also developing and producing an unmanned stealth aircraft, the MQ-28 Ghost Bat, with Australian industry, Boeing Australia and BAE Australia. The MQ-28 is a Loyal Wingman[69] collaborative combat aircraft, with the aircraft's first flight taking place on 27 February 2021.[70][71] Eight aircraft (Block 1) were delievered by 2024; more aircraft (Block 2) are in production with some delievered.[72]

On March 4, 2026, during the 2026 Iran conflict, the Israeli Defense Forces announced that an F-35I "Adir" shot down a Russian-manufactured Iranian Yak-130 fighter jet over Tehran, marking both the first F-35 air-to-air kill, and the first ever air-to-air kill made by a stealth fighter. [73]

## List of stealth aircraft

Type  | Country  | Class  | Role  | Date  | Status  | No.  | Notes

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Airbus Wingman | European Union  | UCAV  | Fighter  | 2024  | Project  | 0  | Germany, Spain[74]
Airbus LOUT  | Germany  | UAV  | Experimental  | 2019  | Project  | 0  | Low Observable UAV Testbed[75]
Airbus Sagitta  | Germany  | UAV  | Experimental  | 2017  | Prototype  | 1  |
BAE Systems Corax | United Kingdom  | UAV  | Experimental  | 2004  | Prototype  |  |
BAE Systems Replica  | United Kingdom  |  |  | 1999  | Project  |  |
BAE Systems Taranis | United Kingdom  | UCAV  | Attack  | 2013  | Prototype  |  |
BAE Systems Tempest | United Kingdom  | Supersonic  | Fighter  |  | Project  |  | UK contribution to the Global Combat Air Programme (qv)
Baykar Bayraktar Kızılelma | Turkey  | UCAV  |  | 2022  | Production  | 2  |
Bell 360 Invictus  | United States  | Rotorcraft  | Experimental  | 2019  | Prototype  |  |
Boeing Bird of Prey | United States  | Subsonic  | Experimental  | 1996  | Prototype  |  |
Boeing F-47 |  | United States

Supersonic jet  | Fighter  |  | Prototype  |  |
Boeing Model 853-21 Quiet Bird | United States  | Subsonic  | Reconnaissance  |  | Project  |  | Developed from Model 853
Boeing MQ-25 Stingray | United States  | UAV  | Experimental  | 2019  | Prototype  |  |
Boeing Australia MQ-28 Ghost Bat | Australia  | UCAV  | Autonomous fighter AI and loyal wingman[76] | 2019  | Pre-production DT&OE  | 8[72] |
Boeing X-32 | United States  | Supersonic jet  | Fighter  | 2000  | Prototype  | 2  |
Boeing X-45 | United States  | UCAV  | Experimental  | 2002  | Prototype  |  |
Boeing–Sikorsky RAH-66 Comanche | United States  | Rotorcraft  | Attack  | 1996  | Prototype  | 2  |
Chengdu J-20 | China  | Supersonic jet  | Fighter  | 2011  | Production  | 300+  |
Chengdu J-36 | China  | Supersonic jet  | Fighter  | 2024  | Prototype  | 1  |
Chengdu WZ-10 | China  | UAV  |  | 2014  | Production  |  |
Dassault nEUROn | European Union  | UCAV  | Attack  | 2012  | Prototype  |  | France, Greece, Italy, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland
DRDO Ghatak | India  | UCAV  |  |  | Project  |  |
DRDO SWiFT | India  | UCAV  | Experimental  | 2022  | Prototype  | 2  |
EADS Mako/HEAT  | International  | Supersonic  | Attack  |  | Project  |  |
Eurocopter EC-665 Tiger | European Union  | Rotorcraft  | Attack  | 2003  | Production  | 180  | France, Germany, Spain
FCAS (New Generation Fighter) | European Union  | Supersonic jet  | Fighter  |  | Project  |  | France, Germany and Spain (within FCAS)
Flygsystem 2020 | Sweden  | Supersonic  | Fighter  |  | Project  |  |
Global Combat Air Programme | International  | Supersonic  | Fighter  |  | Project  |  | Merger of UK (BAE Systems Tempest), Japan (Mitsubishi F-X) and Italy
HAL AMCA | India  | Supersonic  | Fighter  |  | Project  |  |
HAL Prachand  | India  | Rotorcraft  | Attack  | 2022  | Production  | 19  |
Hongdu GJ-11 | China  | UCAV  |  |  |  |  |
KAI KF-21 Boramae | South Korea  | Supersonic  | Fighter  | 2022  | Production  | 6  | South Korea
Kratos XQ-58 Valkyrie | United States  | UCAV  | Experimental  |  |  |  |
Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk | United States  | Subsonic  | Attack  | 1981  | Production  | 64  |
Lockheed Have Blue | United States  | Subsonic  | Experimental  | 1977  | Prototype  | 2  | Developed into F-117
Lockheed SR-71  | United States  | Supersonic  | Reconnaissance  | 1964  | Production  | 32  |
Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor | United States  | Supersonic  | Fighter  | 1996  | Production  | 195  |
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II | United States  | Supersonic  | Fighter  | 2006  | Production  | 1,000+  | A-variant CTOL, B-variant V/STOL, C-variant CATOBAR
Lockheed Martin RQ-170 Sentinel | United States  | UAV  |  |  | Production  | 20–30  |
Lockheed Martin X-35 | United States  | Supersonic  | Fighter  | 2000  | Prototype  | 2  |
Lockheed Martin X-44 MANTA | United States  | Jet  | Fighter  | 2000  | Project  |  |
MBB Lampyridae MRMF  | Germany  | Jet  | Fighter  | 1987  | Project  |  |
McDonnell Douglas X-36 | United States  | Subsonic  | Experimental  | 1997  | Prototype  | 1  | No vertical tail
McDonnell Douglas A-12 Avenger II | United States  | Subsonic  | Bomber  |  | Project  |  |
MH-X Stealthhawk  | United States  | Rotorcraft  | Utility  |  | Top-secret  |  | [77]
Mikoyan Skat | Russia  | UCAV  | Attack  |  | Project  |  |
Mikoyan Project 1.44 | Russia  | Supersonic  | Fighter  | 2000  | Prototype  | 1  | Initially developed for the MFI project
Mikoyan LMFS | Russia  | Supersonic  | Fighter  |  | Cancelled  |  |
Mikoyan PAK DP | Russia  | Supersonic  | Fighter  |  | Project  |  |
Mitsubishi X-2 Shinshin | Japan  | Supersonic  | Experimental  | 2016  | Prototype  | 1  |
NGAD (F/A-XX)  | United States  | Supersonic  | Fighter  |  | Project  |  | Navy's NGAD programme. To replace Navy's F/A-18E/F Super Hornets.
NGAD (Penetrating Counter-Air (PCA)) | United States  | Supersonic  | Fighter  |  | Project  |  | To replace USAF's F-22 Raptors
Northrop Tacit Blue | United States  | Subsonic  | Experimental  | 1982  | Prototype  | 1  |
Northrop YF-23 | United States  | Supersonic  | Fighter  | 1990  | Prototype  | 2  |
Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit | United States  | Subsonic  | Bomber  | 1989  | Production  | 21  |
Northrop Grumman B-21 Raider | United States  | Subsonic  | Bomber  | 2023  | Production  | 3+  |
Northrop Grumman RQ-180 | United States  | UAV  |  |  | Production  |  |
Northrop Grumman X-47A Pegasus | United States  | UCAV  | Experimental  | 2003  | Prototype  |  |
Northrop Grumman X-47B | United States  | UCAV  | Experimental  | 2003  | Prototype  | 2  |
Ryan AQM-91 Firefly | United States  | UAV  | Experimental  |  |  |  |
Saab KFS  | Sweden  | Supersonic  | Fighter  | 2023  | Prototype  |  | Konceptet Framtidens Stridsflyg[78]
UAV  | Fighter  |
Shenyang J-35 | China  | Supersonic  | Fighter  | 2012  |  | 10+  |
Shenyang J-50 | China  | Supersonic  | Fighter  | 2024  |  |  |
Sukhoi Okhotnik | Russia  | UCAV  | Experimental  |  | Prototype  | 2[79] | The first S-70 prototype had a non-stealthy circular exhaust.[79]
Sukhoi Su-57 | Russia  | Supersonic  | Fighter  | 2010  | Production  | 21+  |
Sukhoi Su-75 Checkmate | Russia  | Supersonic  | Stealth Multirole Fighter  | 2024  | Project  |  |
TAI Anka-3 | Turkey  | UCAV  |  | 2023  | Prototype  | 2  |
TAI Kaan  | Turkey  | Supersonic  | Fighter  | 2024  | Prototype  | 3  |
Tupolev PAK DA | Russia  | Subsonic  | Bomber  |  | Project  |  |
Windecker YE-5 | United States  | Tractor  | Experimental  | 1973  | Prototype  | 1  | Stealth research, not fully stealthy
Xian H-20 | China  | Subsonic  | Bomber  |  | Project  |  |
Yakovlev Yak-201 | Russia  | Supersonic  | Fighter  |  | Project  |  | VTOL

## See also

* Cloaking device
* Metamaterial
* Penetration aid
* QTOL
* Hush kit

## References

1. ↑ Mahulikar, S.P., Sonawane, H.R., & Rao, G.A.: (2007) "Infrared signature studies of aerospace vehicles", Progress in Aerospace Sciences, v. 43(7–8): 218–245.
2. ↑ Rao, G.A., & Mahulikar, S.P.: (2002) "Integrated review of stealth technology and its role in airpower", Aeronautical Journal, v. 106(1066): 629–641.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "F-22 Raptor". https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104506/f-22-raptor/.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "F-35A Lightning II". https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/478441/f-35a-lightning-ii/.
5. ↑ "F-35B Lightning II". https://www.raf.mod.uk/aircraft/lightning-f35b/.
6. ↑ "Does China's J-20 rival other stealth fighters?". 15 February 2017. https://chinapower.csis.org/china-chengdu-j-20/.
7. ↑ FIREPOWER: THE WEAPONS THE PROFESSIONALS USE - AND HOW. SUPER FIGHTERS, #41 Orbis Publishing 1990
8. ↑ "They're Redesigning the Airplane", Micheal E. Long and James A. Sugar, National Geographic, January 1981, Vol. 159, No.1
9. ↑ Radar versus Stealth: Passive Radar and the Future of U.S. Military Power
10. ↑ "FAS.org". FAS.org. https://fas.org/spp/aircraft/part06.htm.
11. ↑ Rogoway, Tyler (26 March 2015). "Infrared Search And Track Systems And The Future Of The US Fighter Force" (in en-US). https://foxtrotalpha.jalopnik.com/infrared-search-and-track-systems-and-the-future-of-the-1691441747.
12. ↑ Axe, David (12 July 2016). "Did Russia's New Radar Just Make America's Lethal Stealth Fighters Obsolete?". https://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/did-russias-new-radar-just-make-americas-lethal-stealth-16936.
13. ↑ Yue, Tao (30 November 2001). "Scouting For Surveillance: Detection of the B-2 Stealth Bomber And a Brief History on 'Stealth'". The Tech. http://tech.mit.edu/V121/N63/Stealth.63f.html.
14. ↑ Robinson, Tim. "Not so hidden dragon – China's J-20 assessed". Aerospace Insight, 14 January 2011.
15. ↑ "5th Generation Fighters". Lockheed Martin. http://www.lockheedmartin.com/capabilities/air_power/5th-gen/.
16. ↑ "Marines Declare F-35B Operational, But Is It Really Ready For Combat?". Foxtrot Alpha. https://foxtrotalpha.jalopnik.com/marines-declare-f-35b-operational-but-is-it-really-rea-1721380285.
17. ↑ "With the J20 stealth fighter in fully operation service, China leaps ahead in Asian arms race". Australian News. 20 October 2017. http://www.news.com.au/technology/innovation/with-the-j20-stealth-fighter-in-fully-operational-military-service-china-leaps-ahead-in-asian-arms-race/news-story/d5a65bfd8da252a1bb0240026591d575.
18. ↑ "Первый серийный истребитель Су-57 поступил в авиаполк Южного военного округа". https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/10352497.
19. ↑ Newdick, Thomas (2025-07-19). "China’s J-35 Naval Stealth Fighter Looks Set For Service" (in en-US). https://www.twz.com/air/chinas-j-35-naval-stealth-fighter-looks-set-for-service.
20. ↑ "Israel F-35 downs Iranian fighter jet in first war dogfight" (in en). 2026-03-04. https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/defense-news/article-888768.
21. ↑ Fabian, Emanuel (2026-03-04). "Israeli Air Force F-35 shoots down Russian-made Iranian jet over Tehran" (in en-US). The Times of Israel. ISSN 0040-7909. https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/israeli-air-force-f-35-shoots-down-russian-made-iranian-fighter-jet-over-tehran/.
22. ↑ Sweetman, Bill (1991). YF-22 and YF-23 Advanced Tactical Fighters: Stealth, Speed and Agility for Air Superiority. Osceola, WI: Motorbooks International. ISBN 978-0-87938-505-7.
23. ↑ Redacted, Office of Scientific and Weapons Research (February 1984). "Soviet Work on Radar Cross Section Reduction Applicable to a Future Stealth Program". https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/DOC_0000498135.pdf.
24. ↑ Rich and Janos, Skunk Works, pp. 30–31, 46.
25. ↑ Ford, Daniel (July 2019). "Jack Northrop: The Development of All-Wing Aircraft". https://www.warbirdforum.com/northrop.htm. An abridged version of the 35th Wilbur Wright Memorial Lecture, which Jack Northrop read to the Royal Aeronautical Society on 29 May 1947.
26. ↑ "Raptor … or Turkey?". Defensetech.org. 14 August 2006. http://defensetech.org/2006/08/14/raptor-or-turkey-part-two/.
27. ↑ Weiner, Tim (23 August 1997). "The $2 Billion Stealth Bomber Can't Go Out in the Rain". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1997/08/23/world/the-2-billion-stealth-bomber-can-t-go-out-in-the-rain.html.
28. ↑ United States General Accounting Office (GAO) B-2 Bomber: Cost and Operational Issues (Letter Report, 08/14/97, GAO/NSIAD-97-181)
29. ↑ "Bistatic Radar Sets". Radartutorial.eu. http://www.radartutorial.eu/05.bistatic/bs04.en.html.
30. ↑ ATR. DARPA
31. ↑ "Radical and Cheap Anti-Stealth Radar". 7 December 2007. http://www.military.com/features/0,15240,157743,00.html.
32. ↑ "RAND Report Page 37". Flight International. http://www.flightglobal.com/blogs/the-dewline/2008/10/infamous-jsf-report-precedes-a.html.
33. ↑ "VI – Stealth Aircraft: Eagles Among Sparrows?". Federation of American Scientists. https://fas.org/spp/aircraft/part06.htm.
34. ↑ "de beste bron van informatie over Aerospace. Deze website is te koop!". defence-data.com. http://defence-data.com/features/fpage37.htm.
35. ↑ Haddow, G.W.; Peter M. Grosz (1988). The German Giants – The German R-Planes 1914–1918 (3rd ed.). London: Putnam. ISBN 0-85177-812-7.
36. ↑ Abbott, Patrick (1989). The British Airship at War, 1914–1918. Terence Dalton. pp. 31–33. ISBN 0861380738.
37. ↑ "Is It Stealthy? | National Air and Space Museum". 19 July 2016. https://airandspace.si.edu/research/projects/conserving-horten-ho-229-v3/stealthy.
38. ↑ Myhra, David (July 2009). "Northrop Tests Hitler's 'Stealth' Fighter". Aviation History 19 (6): 11.
39. ↑ "Technical Study of the Bat Wing Ship (The Horten Ho 229 V3) | ResearchGate". https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281441264.
40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 "Centennial of Flight". centennialofflight.net. http://www.centennialofflight.net/essay/Evolution_of_Technology/Stealth_aircraft/Tech31.htm.
41. ↑ See Rich and Janos, Skunk Works; Little Brown & Co., 1994 passim chapters 1 and 2.
42. ↑ "Army-Lockheed YO-3A". https://www.yo-3a.com/.
43. ↑ "Nighthawks over Iraq: A Chronology of the F-117A Operations Desert Storm and Desert Shield". George Washington University. https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB443/docs/area51_17.PDF.
44. ↑ "Gulf War Air Power Survey- Volume IV". pp. 244–245, 247. https://media.defense.gov/2010/Sep/27/2001329817/-1/-1/0/AFD-100927-066.pdf.
45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 "Report: Israeli stealth fighters fly over Iran". The Jerusalem Post. https://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Report-Israeli-stealth-fighters-fly-over-Iran-547421.
46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 "Israel Launched World's First Air Strike Using F-35 Stealth Fighters, Air Force Chief Says". Haaretz. 24 May 2018. https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/with-iran-in-syria-israel-launched-world-s-first-air-strike-using-f-35-stealth-fighters-1.6110706.
47. ↑ Crocker 2006, p. 382.
48. ↑ "F-117A - Nighthawk" (in en-US). https://www.holloman.af.mil/About/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/317344/f-117a-nighthawk/https://www.holloman.af.mil/About/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/317344/f-117a-nighthawk/.
49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 "Gulf War - Air Power Survey, Volume IV - Weapons, Tactics, and Training". pp. 39–41, 361. https://media.defense.gov/2010/Sep/27/2001329817/-1/-1/0/AFD-100927-066.pdf.
50. ↑ "Weapons - F-117a Stealth". Frontline (WGBH). https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/gulf/weapons/stealth.html.
51. ↑ Schmitt, Eric (17 June 1991). "Navy Looks On With Envy At Air Force Stealth Display". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1991/06/17/us/navy-looks-on-with-envy-at-air-force-stealth-display.html.
52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 "Yes, Serbian Air Defenses Did Hit Another F-117 During Operation Allied Force In 1999". 1 December 2020. https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/37894/yes-serbian-air-defenses-did-hit-another-f-117-during-operation-allied-force-in-1999.
53. ↑ Donald, David, ed (2003). Black Jets: The Development and Operation of America's Most Secret Warplanes. Norwalk, Connecticut: AIRtime Publishing. p. 119. ISBN 978-1-880588-67-3.
54. ↑ Newdick, Thomas (1 December 2020). "Yes, Serbian Air Defenses Did Hit Another F-117 During Operation Allied Force In 1999". The War Zone. https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/37894/yes-serbian-air-defenses-did-hit-another-f-117-during-operation-allied-force-in-1999.
55. ↑ "DRAGANOVA MIRNA RUKA DOKRAJČILA I DRUGOG "NEVIDLjIVOG": Pripadnici Trećeg diviziona 250. brigade PVO o podvigu tokom NATO bombardovanja" (in sr). https://www.novosti.rs/vesti/drustvo/942347/draganova-mirna-ruka-dokrajcila-drugog-nevidljivog-pripadnici-treceg-diviziona-250-brigade-pvo-podvigu-tokom-nato-bombardovanja.
56. ↑ "The Case Of The Missing F-117 Parts (2001) | Aviation Week Network". https://aviationweek.com/defense-space/case-missing-f-117-parts-2001.
57. ↑ Birney, Alice (2011-01-23). "China's New Stealth Fighter May Use U.S. Technology" (in en-US). https://chinadigitaltimes.net/2011/01/chinas-new-stealth-fighter-may-use-u-s-technology/.
58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 "B-2 Spirit". https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104482/b-2-spirit/.
59. ↑ "Crisis in Libya: U.S. bombs Qaddafi's airfields". CBS News. 19 March 2011. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/crisis-in-libya-us-bombs-qaddafis-airfields/.
60. ↑ "After Years of Trouble, F-22 Raptor's 1st Combat Mission is a 'Success'". 23 September 2014. https://abcnews.go.com/International/years-trouble-22-raptors-combat-mission-success/story?id=25709236.
61. ↑ "Alleged PHOTO, VIDEO of Russian Su-57 Fifth Gen Jet in Syria Released on Twitter". Sputnik (news agency). 22 February 2018.
62. ↑ "Report: Russia Has Developed Prototype of Air-to-Ground Hypersonic Missile for Su-57". https://thediplomat.com/2020/02/report-russia-has-developed-prototype-of-air-to-ground-hypersonic-missile-for-su-57/.
63. ↑ "Alert 5 » Su-57 launched cruise missile while deployed to Syria". Military Aviation News. alert5.com.
64. ↑ "中国空军副司令首曝：国产第四代战机即将首飞" (in zh). Phoenix Television News. 9 November 2009. http://news.ifeng.com/mil/2/200911/1109_340_1426743.shtml.
65. ↑ [面对面]何为荣：剑啸长空 [[Face to face] He Weirong: Swordsman of the sky] (in 中文). CCTV. 8 November 2011. Archived from the original on 26 January 2010.
66. ↑ "编号78272：第二架五位数编号歼-20曝光 部署沧州". news.ifeng.com. 12 December 2016. http://news.ifeng.com/a/20161212/50401780_0.shtml#p=1.
67. ↑ Lin, Jeffrey; Singer, P.W. (3 February 2016). "China Stays Ahead in Asian Stealth Race". Popular Science. http://www.popsci.com/china-stays-ahead-in-asian-stealth-race.
68. ↑ "Final F-35A aircraft delivered". Department of Defence (Press release). 19 December 2024. Retrieved 20 December 2024.
69. ↑ "MQ-28". https://www.boeing.com/defense/airpower-teaming-system/index.page.
70. ↑ Waldron, Greg (2 March 2021). "Australian 'loyal wingman' to form basis of Boeing Skyborg bid". FlightGlobal. https://www.flightglobal.com/defence/australian-loyal-wingman-to-form-basis-of-boeing-skyborg-bid/142689.article.
71. ↑ "Boeing Loyal Wingman Uncrewed Aircraft Completes First Flight". 1 March 2021. https://boeing.mediaroom.com/news-releases-statements?item=130834.
72. ↑ 72.0 72.1 "Update: Australia funds three MQ-28A Block 2 aircraft, key systems". Janes. 12 February 2024. https://www.janes.com/osint-insights/defence-news/defence/update-australia-funds-three-mq-28a-block-2-aircraft-key-systems.
73. ↑ "Israel’s F-35 shoots down Iranian Yak-130 jet over Tehran" (in en). https://news.az/news/israels-f-35-shoots-down-iranian-yak-130-jet-over-tehran.
74. ↑ "Unmanned escort for manned fighter jets: Airbus presents new Wingman concept at ILA Berlin | Airbus". 2024-06-02. https://www.airbus.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2024-06-unmanned-escort-for-manned-fighter-jets-airbus-presents-new-wingman.
75. ↑ Schwarz, Karl (2019-11-05). "Nationale Deutsche Entwicklung: Airbus zeigt Stealth-Testmodell LOUT" (in de). https://www.flugrevue.de/militaer/nationale-deutsche-entwicklung-airbus-zeigt-stealth-testmodell-lout/.
76. ↑ "MQ-28". https://www.boeing.com/defense/airpower-teaming-system/index.page.
77. ↑ Cenciotti, David (2021-05-02). "The Day We Learned About The Stealth Black Hawk Used In OBL Raid." (in en-US). https://theaviationist.com/2021/05/02/stealth-black-hawk-rendering-new/.
78. ↑ Hoyle, Craig (2024-05-24). "Saab teases early progress with future fighter concept studies". https://www.flightglobal.com/defence/saab-teases-early-progress-with-future-fighter-concept-studies/158448.article.
79. ↑ 79.0 79.1 Nikolov, Boyko (2023-07-01). "UCAV shaped and sized as a Russian S-70 spotted over Ukraine". https://bulgarianmilitary.com/2023/07/01/ucav-shaped-and-sized-as-a-russian-s-70-spotted-over-ukraine/.

### Bibliography

* Clancy, Tom (1996). Fighter Wing. London: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-00-255527-1.

## External links

* v
* t
* e

Countries producing stealth aircraft

Stealth technology

United
States|

| Experimental|

* Boeing Model 853-21 Quiet Bird
* Boeing–Sikorsky RAH-66 Comanche
* Boeing Bird of Prey
* Boeing X-32
* Boeing X-45
* F-19
* Lockheed Have Blue
* Lockheed YF-22
* Lockheed Martin FB-22
* Lockheed Martin X-35
* Lockheed Martin X-44 MANTA
* McDonnell Douglas A-12 Avenger II
* Northrop Tacit Blue
* Northrop Grumman X-47B
* Northrop YF-23

|

Fighters|

* Boeing F-47
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* Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II

Bombers|

* Northrop B-2 Spirit
* Northrop Grumman B-21 Raider

Attack|

* Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk

UAVs|

* General Atomics MQ-20 Avenger
* Boeing MQ-25 Stingray
* Boeing Phantom Ray
* Lockheed Martin Sea Ghost
* Lockheed Martin RQ-170 Sentinel
* Northrop Grumman RQ-180
* Kratos XQ-58 Valkyrie
* General Atomics XQ-67A

Australia|

| UAVs|

* Boeing MQ-28 Ghost Bat

|

China|

| Experimental|

* JH-XX
* Chengdu J-36
* Shenyang J-XD

|

Fighters|

* Chengdu J-20
* Shenyang J-35

Bombers|

* Xi'an H-20

UAVs|

* Hongdu GJ-11
* AVIC Dark Sword
* CAIG Wing Loong-10
* CASC Rainbow-7
* FL-71

Russia|

| Experimental|

* Yakovlev Yak-43
* Sukhoi Su-47
* Mikoyan Project 1.44

|

Fighters|

* Mikoyan LMFS
* Mikoyan PAK DP
* Sukhoi Su-57
* Sukhoi Su-75 Checkmate
* Sukhoi/HAL FGFA

Bombers|

* Tupolev PAK DA

UAVs|

* Mikoyan Skat
* Sukhoi S-70 Okhotnik-B

United
Kingdom|

| Experimental|

* British Aerospace P.125
* BAE Systems Replica

|

UAVs|

* BAE Systems Taranis

Japan|

| Experimental|

* Mitsubishi X-2 Shinshin

|

European Union|

| UAVs|

* Dassault nEUROn

|

Türkiye|

| Fighters|

* TAI TF Kaan

|

UAVs|

* Bayraktar Kızılelma
* TAI Anka-3

South Korea|

| Fighters|

* KAI KF-21 Boramae

|

India|

| UAVs|

* DRDO Ghatak

|

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