Stichodactylidae

Short description: Family of sea anemones

Stichodactylidae

Heteractis magnifica with Maldive anemonefish and juvenile threespot dascyllus
Scientific classification
Domain:  | Eukaryota
Kingdom:  | Animalia
Phylum:  | Cnidaria
Class:  | Hexacorallia
Order:  | Actiniaria
Suborder:  | Enthemonae
Superfamily:  | Actinioidea
Family:  | Stichodactylidae
Andres, 1883
Genera

* Heteractis
* Stichodactyla

Stichodactylidae is a family of sea anemones that contains the genera Stichodactyla (carpet anemones) and Heteractis. These sea anemones exclusively reside within the shallow waters of the tropical Indo-Pacific area and are in the main family of sea anemones that hosts several varieties of clownfishes.[1] Most sea anemone species are harmless to humans, but at least some Stichodactyla are highly venomous and their sting may cause anaphylactic shock and organ failure (notably acute liver failure).[2][3] In contrast, the venom of Heteractis  has shown potential in treatment of lung cancer.[4]

## Contents

* 1 Discovery
* 2 Genera and species
* 3 Gallery
* 4 References

## Discovery

C. Collingwood first discovered Stichodactylidae back in 1868 after taking note on the existence of gigantic sea-anemones in the China Sea, containing quasi-parasitic fish.[5]

## Genera and species

The following species are recognized within the family Stichodactylidae:[6]

* Genus Heteractis
* Heteractis aurora
* Heteractis crispa
* Heteractis magnifica
* Heteractis malu
* Genus Stichodactyla (carpet anemones)
* Stichodactyla gigantea
* Stichodactyla haddoni
* Stichodactyla helianthus
* Stichodactyla mertensii
* Stichodactyla tapetum

## Gallery

* Stichodactyla tapetum

* Heteractis aurora

* Stichodactylidae

## References

1. ↑ Fautin, Daphne G.; Allen, Gerald R. (1997). Field Guide to Anemone Fishes and Their Host Sea Anemones. Western Australian Museum. ISBN 9780730983651. http://www.nhm.ku.edu/inverts/ebooks/intro.html.
2. ↑ Garcia, Patricia J.; Schein, R.M.; Burnett, J.W. (1994). "Fulminant hepatic failure from a sea anemone sting". Annals of Internal Medicine 120 (8): 665–666. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-120-8-199404150-00007. PMID 8135451.
3. ↑ Nagata, Keiko; Hide, Michihiro; Tanaka, Toshihiko; Ishii, Kaori; Izawa, Masao; Sairenji, Takeshi; Tomita, Katsuyuki; Shimizu, Eiji (2006). "Anaphylactic shock caused by exposure to sea anemones". Allergology International 55 (2): 181–184. doi:10.2332/allergolint.55.181. PMID 17075255.
4. ↑ Ramezanpour, Mahnaz; da Silva, Karen Burke; Sanderson, Barbara J. S. (2013). "Venom present in sea anemone (Heteractis magnifica) induces apoptosis in non-small-cell lung cancer A549 cells through activation of mitochondria-mediated pathway". Biotechnology Letters 36 (3): 489–495. doi:10.1007/s10529-013-1402-4. PMID 24190482.
5. ↑ Attaran, Gilan & Javid, Pegah & Shakouri, Arash. (2015). Morphology and phylogeny of the sea anemone Stichodactyla haddoni (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from Chabahar Bay, Iran. TURKISH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY. 39. 998-1003. 10.3906/zoo-1310-4.
6. ↑ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Stichodactyla Brandt, 1835" (in en). http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=267869.

Wikidata ☰ Q672407 entry

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