Virgaviridae

Short description: Family of viruses

Virgaviridae

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) diagram and electron micrograph of virions
Virus classification
(unranked):  | Virus
Realm:  | Riboviria
Kingdom:  | Orthornavirae
Phylum:  | Kitrinoviricota
Class:  | Alsuviricetes
Order:  | Martellivirales
Family:  | Virgaviridae
Genera

* Furovirus
* Goravirus
* Hordeivirus
* Pecluvirus
* Pomovirus
* Tobamovirus
* Tobravirus

Virgaviridae is a family of positive-strand RNA viruses. Plants serve as natural hosts.[1][2][3][4] The name of the family is derived from the Latin word virga (rod), as all viruses in this family are rod-shaped. There are currently 59 species in this family, divided among seven genera.[2][3][5]

## Contents

* 1 Structure
* 2 Life cycle
* 3 Taxonomy
* 4 Notes
* 5 References
* 6 External links

## Structure

Viruses in Virgaviridae are non-enveloped, with rigid helical rod geometries, and helical symmetry. The diameter is around 20-25 nm,[2][3] and virions have a central "canal." Genomes are linear, single-stranded, positive sense RNA[2][3] with a 3'-tRNA like structure and no polyA tail. They may be in one, two, or three segments, depending on the genus. Coat proteins are about 19–24 kiloDaltons.

Genus | Structure | Symmetry | Capsid | Genomic arrangement | Genomic segmentation

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Tobamovirus | Rod-shaped | Helical | Non-enveloped | Linear | Non-Segmented
Furovirus | Rod-shaped | Helical | Non-enveloped | Linear | Segmented
Pecluvirus | Rod-shaped | Helical | Non-enveloped | Linear | Segmented
Hordeivirus | Rod-shaped | Helical | Non-enveloped | Linear | Segmented
Tobravirus | Rod-shaped | Helical | Non-enveloped | Linear | Segmented
Pomovirus | Rod-shaped | Helical | Non-enveloped | Linear | Segmented

## Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by leaky scanning, and suppression of termination. The virus exits the host cell by tripartite non-tubule guided viral movement, and monopartite non-tubule guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host.[2][3]

Genus | Host details | Tissue tropism | Entry details | Release details | Replication site | Assembly site | Transmission

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Tobamovirus | Plants | None | Unknown | Viral movement | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Mechanical
Furovirus | Plants | None | Unknown | Viral movement | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Mechanical inoculation: fungus
Pecluvirus | Plants | None | Unknown | Viral movement | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Mechanical inoculation: fungus. Mechanical contact; seed
Hordeivirus | Plants | None | Unknown | Viral movement | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Mechanical: contact; seed
Tobravirus | Plants | None | Unknown | Viral movement | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Mechanical inoculation: nematodes
Pomovirus | Plants | None | Unknown | Viral movement | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Mechanical inoculation: fungus

## Taxonomy

Viruses include in the family Virgaviridae are characterized by unique alpha-like replication proteins.

The following genera are recognized:

* Furovirus
* Goravirus
* Hordeivirus
* Pecluvirus
* Pomovirus
* Tobamovirus
* Tobravirus

## Notes

The genus Benyvirus, although its members are rod shaped and infect plants, is not included in this family as its proteins appear to be only very distantly related, but is instead included in the family Benyviridae.[6] Another related genus is Charavirus. Viruses of this genus infect charophyte algae.

## References

1. ↑ Adams, Michael J.; Adkins, Scott; Bragard, Claude; Gilmer, David; Li, Dawei; MacFarlane, Stuart A.; Wong, Sek-Man; Melcher, Ulrich et al. (1 August 2017). "ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Virgaviridae". Journal of General Virology 98 (8): 1999–2000. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.000884. PMID 28786782.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 "ICTV Report Virgaviridae". http://www.ictv.global/report/virgaviridae.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 "Viral Zone". ExPASy. http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/734.html.
4. ↑ Adams MJ, Antoniw JF, Kreuze J (2009) Virgaviridae: a new family of rod-shaped plant viruses. Arch Virol 154(12):1967–1972
5. ↑ ICTV. "Virus Taxonomy: 2015 Release". http://ictvonline.org/virusTaxonomy.asp.
6. ↑ "ICTV Report Benyviridae". http://www.ictv.global/report/benyviridae.

## External links

* ICTV Online Report: Virgaviridae
* Viralzone: Virgaviridae
* ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Virgaviridae

* v
* t
* e

Baltimore (virus classification)

DNA|

I: dsDNA viruses

| Caudovirales|

* Myoviridae
* Podoviridae
* Siphoviridae

|

Herpesvirales|

* Alloherpesviridae
* Herpesviridae
* Malacoherpesviridae

Ligamenvirales|

* Lipothrixviridae
* Rudiviridae

Unassigned|

* NLCDV: Ascoviridae
* Asfarviridae
* Iridoviridae
* Marseilleviridae
* Mimiviridae
* Phycodnaviridae
* Poxviridae
* genera: Dinodnavirus
* Pithovirus
* Pandoravirus

* nonenveloped: Adenoviridae
* Papillomaviridae
* Papovaviridae (obsolete)
* Polyomaviridae
* genera: Rhizidiovirus

* Ampullaviridae
* Baculoviridae
* Bicaudaviridae
* Clavaviridae
* Corticoviridae
* Fuselloviridae
* Globuloviridae
* Guttaviridae
* Hytrosaviridae
* Nimaviridae
* Nudiviridae
* Plasmaviridae
* Polydnaviridae
* Sphaerolipoviridae
* Tectiviridae
* Turriviridae
* genera: Salterprovirus

II: ssDNA viruses

* Anelloviridae
* Bidnaviridae
* Circoviridae
* Geminiviridae
* Inoviridae
* Microviridae
* Nanoviridae
* Parvoviridae
* Spiraviridae
* genera: Bacilladnavirus

RNA|

III: dsRNA viruses

* Amalgaviridae
* Birnaviridae
* Chrysoviridae
* Cystoviridae
* Endornaviridae
* Hypoviridae
* Megabirnaviridae
* Partitiviridae
* Picobirnaviridae
* Quadriviridae
* Reoviridae
* Totiviridae

IV: (+)ssRNA viruses (primarily icosahedral)

| Nidovirales|

* Arteriviridae
* Coronaviridae
* Mesoniviridae
* Roniviridae

|

Picornavirales|

* Comoviridae (obsolete)
* Dicistroviridae
* Iflaviridae
* Marnaviridae
* Picornaviridae
* Secoviridae
* Sequiviridae (obsolete)
* genera: Bacillarnavirus
* Labyrnavirus

Tymovirales|

* Alphaflexiviridae
* Betaflexiviridae
* Gammaflexiviridae
* Tymoviridae

Unassigned|

* Alphatetraviridae
* Alvernaviridae
* Astroviridae
* Barnaviridae
* Benyviridae
* Bromoviridae
* Caliciviridae
* Carmotetraviridae
* Closteroviridae
* Flaviviridae
* Flexiviridae (obsolete)
* Hepeviridae
* Leviviridae
* Luteoviridae
* Narnaviridae
* Nodaviridae
* Permutotetraviridae
* Potyviridae
* Tetraviridae (obsolete)
* Togaviridae
* Tombusviridae
* Virgaviridae
* genera: Cilevirus
* Higrevirus
* Idaeovirus
* Ourmiavirus
* Polemovirus
* Sobemovirus

V: (–)ssRNA viruses (primarily helical)

| Mononegavirales|

* Bornaviridae
* Filoviridae
* Nyamiviridae
* Paramyxoviridae
* Rhabdoviridae

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Bunyavirales|

* Hantaviridae
* Nairoviridae
* Peribunyaviridae
* Phenuiviridae
* Tospoviridae
* Feraviridae
* Fimoviridae
* Jonviridae

* Phasmaviridae

Unassigned|

* Arenaviridae
* Ophioviridae
* Orthomyxoviridae
* genera:Deltavirus

RT|

VI: ssRNA-RT viruses

* Metaviridae
* Pseudoviridae
* Retroviridae

VII: dsDNA-RT viruses

* Caulimoviridae
* Hepadnaviridae

Wikidata ☰ Q3560593 entry

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