Virgo Cluster

Short description: Galaxy cluster in the constellation Virgo

Virgo Cluster

The southern portion of the Virgo Cluster as imaged by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory in very high resolution, taken on June 5, 2025.[1][lower-alpha 1]

Observation data (Epoch J2000)
Constellation(s)| Virgo & Coma Berenices
Right ascension|  12h 27m[3]
Declination| +12° 43′[3]
Brightest member| Messier 49
Number of galaxies| ~1,500[3]
Bautz–Morgan classification| III[3]
Distance
(co-moving)| 53.8 ± 0.3 Mly (16.5 ± 0.1 Mpc)
Binding mass| 1015 M☉
See also: Galaxy group, Galaxy cluster, List of galaxy groups and clusters

The Virgo Cluster is a cluster of galaxies whose center is 53.8 ± 0.3 Mly (16.5 ± 0.1 Mpc)[4] away in the Virgo constellation. Comprising approximately 1,300 (and possibly up to 2,000) member galaxies,[5] the cluster forms the heart of the larger Virgo Supercluster, of which the Local Group (containing the Milky Way galaxy) is a member. The Local Group actually experiences the mass of the Virgo Supercluster as the Virgocentric flow. It is estimated that the Virgo Cluster's mass is 1.2×1015 M☉ out to 8 degrees of the cluster's center or a radius of about 2.2 Mpc.[6]

Many of the brighter galaxies in this cluster, including the giant elliptical galaxy Messier 87, were discovered in the late 1770s and early 1780s and subsequently included in Charles Messier's catalogue of non-cometary fuzzy objects. Described by Messier as nebulae without stars, their true nature was not recognized until the 1920s.[upper-alpha 1]

The cluster extends across approximately 8 degrees centered in the constellation Virgo. Some of its most prominent members can be seen with binoculars and small telescopes, while a 6-inch telescope will reveal about 160 of the cluster's galaxies on a clear night. Its brightest member is the elliptical galaxy Messier 49.[8]

## Contents

* 1 Characteristics
* 2 Intracluster medium
* 3 Galaxies
* 4 See also
* 5 Notes
* 6 References
* 7 Further reading
* 8 External links

## Characteristics

The cluster is a fairly heterogeneous mixture of spiral and elliptical galaxies.[9] As of 2004[update], it is believed that the spiral galaxies of the cluster are distributed in an oblong prolate filament, approximately four times as long as it is wide, stretching along the line of sight from the Milky Way.[10] The elliptical galaxies are more centrally concentrated than the spiral galaxies.[11] The first example of an ultra-diffuse galaxy was also found in the central core of the cluster in 1984.

The cluster is an aggregate of at least three separate subclumps: Virgo A, centered on M87, a second centered on the galaxy M86, and Virgo B, centered on M49, with some authors including a Virgo C subcluster, centered on the galaxy M60 as well as a Low Velocity Cloud (LVC) subclump, centered on the large spiral galaxy NGC 4216.[12] The giant elliptical galaxy M87 contains a supermassive black hole, whose event horizon was observed by the Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration in 2019.[13][14]

Virgo A is the dominant subclump; its mass of approximately 1014 M☉ is approximately ten times larger than the other two subclumps.[15] It contains a mixture of elliptical, lenticular, and spiral galaxies which are generally gas-poor,[16]

Turbulence may prevent galaxy clusters from cooling (Chandra X-ray).

The three subgroups are in the process of merging to form a larger single cluster,[15] and are surrounded by other smaller galaxy clouds, mostly composed of spiral galaxies, known as N Cloud, S Cloud, and Virgo E that are in the process of infalling to merge with them,[17] plus other farther isolated galaxies and galaxy groups (like the galaxy cloud Coma I) that are also attracted by the gravity of Virgo to merge with it in the future.[18] This strongly suggests the Virgo cluster is a dynamically young cluster that is still forming.[17]

Nearby aggregations known as M Cloud, W Cloud, and W' Cloud seem to be background systems independent of the main cluster.[12][17]

The large mass of the cluster is indicated by the high peculiar velocities of many of its galaxies, sometimes as high as 1,600 km/s with respect to the cluster's center.

The Virgo cluster lies within the Virgo Supercluster, and its gravitational effect slows down the nearby galaxies. The large mass of the cluster has the effect of slowing down the recession of the Local Group from the cluster by approximately ten percent.

Many of the galaxies contained within the Virgo cluster undergo ram pressure stripping, where pressure from the dense intracluster medium efficiently removes molecular gas from the cluster's galaxies. This gas removal can eventually lead to the quenching of star formation in these galaxies.[19]

## Intracluster medium

As with many other rich galaxy clusters, Virgo's intracluster medium is filled with a hot, rarefied plasma at temperatures of 30 million kelvins that emits X-Rays.[20] Within the intracluster medium (ICM) are found a large number of intergalactic stars[21][22] (up to 10% of the stars in the cluster),[23] including some planetary nebulae.[24] It is theorized that these were expelled from their home galaxies by interactions with other galaxies.[23] The ICM also contains some globular clusters,[25][26][27] possibly stripped off dwarf galaxies,[27] and even at least one star formation region.[28]

## Galaxies

Map of the local universe centered on the Local Group (image diameter 200 Mly ≈ 60 Mpc). Most of the Virgo Supercluster, including Virgo Cluster, is visible in the center right of the image, at about 50 Mly from the Local Group. Photograph of the Virgo Cluster, a few degrees around M86, with labelled galaxies

Below is a table of bright or notable objects in the cluster and their subcluster. In some cases a galaxy may be considered to be in a different subcluster by other researchers (sources:[12][17][29][30])

Column 1: The name of the galaxy.
Column 2: The right ascension for epoch 2000.
Column 3: The declination for epoch 2000.
Column 4: The blue apparent magnitude of the galaxy.
Column 5: The galaxy type: E=Elliptical, S0=Lenticular, Sa,Sb,Sc,Sd=Spiral, SBa,SBb,SBc,SBd=Barred spiral, Sm,SBm,Irr=Irregular.
Column 6: The angular diameter of the galaxy (arcminutes).
Column 7: The diameter of the galaxy (thousands of light years).
Column 8: The recessional velocity (km/s) of the galaxy relative to the cosmic microwave background.
Column 9: Subcluster where the galaxy is located.
Cluster members  Designation  | Coordinates (Epoch 2000)  | Apparent
magnitude
(blue)  | Type | Angular size  | Diameter
(kly)  | RV
(km/s)  | Subcluster

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

RA  | Dec
Messier 98 | 12 13.8 | 14 54 | 10.9 | SBb | 9.8′ | 150 | 184 | Virgo A or N Cloud
NGC 4216 | 12 15.9 | 13 09 | 10.9 | SBb | 7.9′ | 120 | 459 | Virgo A, N Cloud, or LVC.
Messier 99 | 12 18.8 | 14 25 | 10.4 | Sc | 5.4′ | 80 | 2735 | Virgo A or N Cloud
NGC 4262 | 12 19.5 | 14 53 | 12.4 | S0 | 1.9′ | 30 | 1683 | Virgo A
NGC 4388 | 12 25.5 | 12 39 | 11.8 | SAb | 6.2′ | 85 | 2845 | Virgo A
Messier 61 | 12 21.9 | 04 28 | 10.2 | SBbc | 6.2′ | 100 | 1911 | S Cloud
Messier 100 | 12 22.9 | 15 49 | 10.1 | SBbc | 7.6′ | 115 | 1899 | Virgo A
Messier 84 | 12 25.1 | 12 53 | 10.1 | E1 | 6.0′ | 90 | 1239 | Virgo A
Markarian's Chain
Messier 85 | 12 25.4 | 18 11 | 10.0 | S0 | 7.1′ | 105 | 1056 | Virgo A
Messier 86 | 12 26.2 | 12 57 | 9.9 | E3 | 10.2′ | 155 | 37 | Virgo A or own subgroup.
Markarian's Chain
NGC 4435 | 12 27.7 | 13 05 | 11.7 | S0 | 3.0′ | 45 | 1111 | Virgo A
NGC 4438 | 12 27.8 | 13 01 | 11.0 | Sa | 8.7′ | 130 | 404 | Virgo A
NGC 4450 | 12 28.5 | 17 05 | 10.9 | Sab | 5.1′ | 80 | 2273 | Virgo A
Messier 49 | 12 29.8 | 08 00 | 9.3 | E2 | 9.8′ | 150 | 1204 | Virgo B
Messier 87 | 12 30.8 | 12 23 | 9.6 | E0–1 | 9.8′ | 980 | 1204 | Virgo A
Messier 88 | 12 32.0 | 14 25 | 10.3 | Sb | 6.8′ | 100 | 2599 | Virgo A
NGC 4526 | 12 32.0 | 07 42 | 10.6 | S0 | 7.1′ | 105 | 931 | Virgo B
NGC 4527 | 12 34.1 | 02 39 | 12.4 | Sb | 4.6′ | 69 | 1730 | S Cloud
NGC 4536 | 12 34.4 | 02 11 | 11.1 | SBbc | 7.2′ | 115 | 2140 | S Cloud
Messier 91 | 12 35.4 | 14 30 | 11.0 | SBb | 5.2′ | 80 | 803 | Virgo A
NGC 4546 | 12 35.5 | −03 48 | 11.3 | S0 | 2.3' | 30 | 1054 | S Cloud
NGC 4550 | 12 35.5 | 12 13 | 12.5 | S0 | 3.2′ | 50 | 704 | Virgo A
Messier 89 | 12 35.7 | 12 33 | 10.7 | E0 | 5.0′ | 75 | 628 | Virgo A
NGC 4567 | 12 36.5 | 11 15 | 12.1 | Sbc | 2.8′ | 40 | 2588 | Virgo A
NGC 4568 | 12 36.6 | 11 14 | 11.7 | Sbc | 4.4′ | 65 | 2578 | Virgo A
Messier 90 | 12 36.8 | 13 10 | 10.2 | SBab | 10.5′ | 160 | 87 | Virgo A
NGC 4571 | 12 36.9 | 14 13 | 11.9 | Sc | 3.7′ | 55 | 659 | Virgo A
Messier 58 | 12 37.7 | 11 49 | 10.6 | SBb | 5.6′ | 85 | 1839 | Virgo A
Messier 59 | 12 42.9 | 11 39 | 10.8 | E5 | 5.0′ | 75 | 751 | Virgo A or Virgo E
Messier 60 | 12 43.7 | 11 33 | 9.8 | E2 | 7.2′ | 110 | 1452 | Virgo A, Virgo E, or Virgo C
NGC 4651 | 12 43.7 | 16 24 | 11.4 | Sc | 4.0′ | 60 | 1113 |
NGC 4654 | 12 43.9 | 13 08 | 11.1 | SBc | 5.0′ | 75 | 1349 | Virgo A

Fainter galaxies within the cluster are usually known by their numbers in the Virgo Cluster Catalog, particularly members of the numerous dwarf galaxy population.[31]

## See also

* Virgo III Groups
* Coma Cluster – another large, nearby cluster of galaxies
* Eridanus Cluster
* Fornax Cluster – a smaller nearby cluster of galaxies
* Norma Cluster
* List of galaxy clusters

## Notes

1. ↑ Following the entry for M91 in the Connoissance des Temps for 1784, Messier added the following note:

The constellation of Virgo, & especially the northern Wing is one of the constellations which encloses the most Nebulae: this Catalog contains thirteen which have been determined: viz. Nos. 49, 58, 59, 60, 61, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, & 91\. All these nebulae appear to be without stars: one can see them only in a very good sky, & near their meridian passage. Most of these nebulae have been pointed to me by Mr. Méchain.[7]

1. ↑ The largest galaxy visible in this image is the M49 Galaxy on the left.[2]

## References

1. ↑ "The Cosmic Treasure Chest". NSF–DOE Vera C. Rubin Observatory. 2025. https://rubinobservatory.org/gallery/collections/first-look-gallery/mlis3sriah6pn6nfr5ecp46h3i.
2. ↑ "Virgo Cluster Finder Chart (annotated)". NSF–DOE Vera C. Rubin Observatory. 2025. https://rubinobservatory.org/gallery/collections/first-look-gallery/qe2do9iu6h1gbdg4bsgc1o083u.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for Virgo Cluster. http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/.
4. ↑ Mei, Simona; Blakeslee, John P.; Côté, Patrick; Tonry, John L.; West, Michael J.; Ferrarese, Laura; Jordán, Andrés; Peng, Eric W. et al. (2007). "The ACS Virgo Cluster Survey. XIII. SBF Distance Catalog and the Three-dimensional Structure of the Virgo Cluster". The Astrophysical Journal 655 (1): 144–162. doi:10.1086/509598. Bibcode: 2007ApJ...655..144M.
5. ↑ "Virgo Cluster". Swinburne University of Technology. http://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/V/Virgo+Cluster.
6. ↑ Fouqué, P.; Solanes, J. M.; Sanchis, T.; Balkowski, C. (2001). "Structure, mass and distance of the Virgo cluster from a Tolman-Bondi model". Astronomy and Astrophysics 375 (3): 770–780. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20010833. Bibcode: 2001A&A...375..770F.
7. ↑ "Messier 91 — Observations and Descriptions". SEDS. http://messier.seds.org/Mdes/dm091.html.
8. ↑ "Virgo Cluster | Messier Objects" (in en-US). 9 August 2017. http://www.messier-objects.com/virgo-cluster/.
9. ↑ Côté, Patrick; Blakeslee, John P.; Ferrarese, Laura; Jordán, Andrés; Mei, Simona; Merritt, David; Milosavljević, Miloš; Peng, Eric W. et al. (July 2004). "The ACS Virgo Cluster Survey". The Astrophysical Journal 153 (1): 223–242. doi:10.1086/421490. Bibcode: 2004ApJS..153..223C.
10. ↑ M. Fukugita; S. Okamura; N. Yasuda (1993). "Spatial distribution of spiral galaxies in the Virgo Cluster from the Tully-Fisher relation". Astrophysical Journal 412: L13–L16. doi:10.1086/186928. Bibcode: 1993ApJ...412L..13F.
11. ↑ "Virgo Cluster". https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/ESSAYS/Binggeli/binggeli.html.
12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Boselli, A.; Voyer, E.; Boissier, S.; Cucciati, O.; Consolandi, G.; Cortese, L.; Fumagalli, M.; Gavazzi, G. et al. (2014). "The GALEX Ultraviolet Virgo Cluster Survey (GUViCS). IV. The role of the cluster environment on galaxy evolution". Astronomy & Astrophysics 570: A69. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201424419. A69. Bibcode: 2014A&A...570A..69B.
13. ↑ Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration; Akiyama, Kazunori; Alberdi, Antxon; Alef, Walter; Asada, Keiichi; Azulay, Rebecca; Baczko, Anne-Kathrin; Ball, David et al. (2019-04-01). "First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 875 (1): L1. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab0ec7. Bibcode: 2019ApJ...875L...1E.
14. ↑ "Publications | Event Horizon Telescope" (in en). https://eventhorizontelescope.org/publications.
15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 The Virgo Super Cluster: home of M87 (with frames)
16. ↑ Chamaraux, P.; Balkowski, C.; Gerard, E. (1980). "The H I deficiency of the Virgo cluster spirals". Astronomy & Astrophysics 83 (1–2): 38–51. Bibcode: 1980A&A....83...38C.
17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 Gavazzi, G.; Boselli, A.; Scodeggio, M.; Pierini, D.; Belsole, E. (1999). "The 3D structure of the Virgo cluster from H-band Fundamental Plane and Tully-Fisher distance determinations". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 304 (3): 595–610. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02350.x. Bibcode: 1999MNRAS.304..595G.
18. ↑ Tully, R. B.; Shaya, E. J. (1984). "Infall of galaxies into the Virgo cluster and some cosmological constraints". Astrophysical Journal 281: 31–55. doi:10.1086/162073. Bibcode: 1984ApJ...281...31T.
19. ↑ Brown, Toby; Wilson, Christine D.; Zabel, Nikki; Davis, Timothy A.; Boselli, Alessandro; Chung, Aeree; Ellison, Sara L.; Lagos, Claudia D. P. et al. (2021-12-01). "VERTICO: The Virgo Environment Traced In CO Survey". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 257 (2): 21. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac28f5. ISSN 0067-0049. Bibcode: 2021ApJS..257...21B.
20. ↑ Lea, S. M.; Mushotzky, R.; Holt, S. S. (1982). "Einstein Observatory solid state spectrometer observations of M87 and the Virgo cluster". Astrophysical Journal 262 (1): 24–32. doi:10.1086/160392. Bibcode: 1982ApJ...262...24L.
21. ↑ Ferguson, H. (1997). "Intergalactic Stars in the Virgo Cluster". HST Proposal: 7411. Bibcode: 1997hst..prop.7411F.
22. ↑ Ferguson, Henry C.; Tanvir, Nial R.; von Hippel, Ted (January 1998). "Detection of intergalactic red-giant-branch stars in the Virgo cluster" (in En). Nature 391 (6666): 461–463. doi:10.1038/35087. ISSN 0028-0836. Bibcode: 1998Natur.391..461F.
23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Ferguson, Henry C.; Tanvir, Nial R.; von Hippel, Ted (1998). "Detection of intergalactic red-giant-branch stars in the Virgo cluster". Nature 391 (6666): 461–463. doi:10.1038/35087. Bibcode: 1998Natur.391..461F.
24. ↑ Feldmeier, J.; Ciardullo, R.; Jacoby, G. (1998). "Intracluster Planetary Nebulae in the Virgo Cluster. I. Initial Results". Astrophysical Journal 503 (1): 109–117. doi:10.1086/305981. Bibcode: 1998ApJ...503..109F.
25. ↑ Takamiya, Marianne; West, Michael; Côté, Patrick; Jordán, Andrés; Peng, Eric; Ferrarese, Laura (2009). "IGCs in the Virgo Cluster". Globular Clusters – Guides to Galaxies. Eso Astrophysics Symposia. 361–365. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-76961-3_83. ISBN 978-3-540-76960-6. Bibcode: 2009gcgg.book..361T.
26. ↑ Durrell, Patrick R.; Accetta, K.; Feldmeier, J. J.; Mihos, J. C.; Ciardullo, R.; Peng, E. W.; Members of the NGVS team (2010). "Searching for Intracluster Globular Clusters in the Virgo Cluster". Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society 42: 567. Bibcode: 2010AAS...21547814D.
27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Lee, Myung Gyoon; Park, Hong Soo; Hwang, Ho Seong (2010). "Detection of a Large-Scale Structure of Intracluster Globular Clusters in the Virgo Cluster". Science 328 (5976): 334–. doi:10.1126/science.1186496. PMID 20223950. Bibcode: 2010Sci...328..334L.
28. ↑ Gerhard, Ortwin; Arnaboldi, Magda; Freeman, Kenneth C.; Okamura, Sadanori (2002). "Isolated Star Formation: A Compact H II Region in the Virgo Cluster". The Astrophysical Journal 580 (2): L121–L124. doi:10.1086/345657. Bibcode: 2002ApJ...580L.121G.
29. ↑ "Galaxy On Line Database Milano Network". http://goldmine.mib.infn.it/.
30. ↑ "The Virgo Cluster". http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/galgrps/vir.html.
31. ↑ Binggeli, Bruno; Sandage, Allan; Tammann, Gustav (1985). "Studies of the Virgo Cluster. II – A Catalog of 2096 Galaxies in the Virgo Cluster Area". Astronomical Journal (American Astronomical Society) 90: 1681–1759. doi:10.1086/113874. Bibcode: 1985AJ.....90.1681B.

## Further reading

* Kashibadze, Olga G.; Karachentsev, Igor D.; Karachentseva, Valentina E. (2020). "Structure and kinematics of the Virgo cluster of galaxies". Astronomy & Astrophysics 635: A135. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201936172. Bibcode: 2020A&A...635A.135K.

## External links

* The Virgo Cluster at An Atlas of the Universe, map (and table) of the 160 largest galaxies
* California Institute of Technology site on Virgo cluster.
* The Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, SEDS Messier pages
* Partial Virgo cluster centered on M87 (Dark Atmospheres)
* Binggeli, B.; Sandage, A.; Tammann, G. A. (1985). "Studies of the Virgo cluster. II. A catalog of 2096 galaxies in the Virgo cluster area". The Astronomical Journal 90: 1681. doi:10.1086/113874. Bibcode: 1985AJ.....90.1681B.

Coordinates:  12h 27m 00s, 12° 43′ 00″ Template:Virgo Supercluster

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Virgo constellation

Stars
(list)|

| Bayer|

* α (Spica)
* β (Zavijava)
* γ (Porrima)
* δ (Minelauva)
* ε (Vindemiatrix)
* ζ (Heze)
* η (Zaniah)
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* ο
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* υ
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|

Flamsteed|

* 4 (A1)
* 6 (A2)
* 7 (b)
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 16 (c)
* 17
* 20
* 21 (q)
* 25 (f)
* 27
* 28
* 31 (d1)
* 32 (d2)
* 33
* 34
* 35
* 37
* 38
* 39
* 41
* 44 (k)
* 46
* 48
* 49
* 50
* 53
* 54
* 55
* 56
* 57
* 58
* 59 (e)
* 61
* 62
* 63
* 64
* 65
* 66
* 68 (i)
* 69
* 70
* 71
* 72
* 73
* 74 (l)
* 75
* 76 (h)
* 77
* 78 (o)
* 80
* 81
* 82 (m)
* 83
* 84
* 85
* 86
* 87
* 88
* 89
* 90 (p)
* 92
* 94
* 95
* 96
* 97
* 103
* 104
* 106
* 108
* 109
* 110
* 1 Ser (M)
* 2 Ser

Variable|

* R
* S
* W
* RS
* RT
* SS
* ST
* SW
* TW
* TY
* UU
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* UW
* UY
* XX
* AG
* AH
* AL
* AW
* AX
* AZ
* BB
* BF
* BH
* BK
* CE
* CS
* CU
* CX
* DK
* DL
* DM
* DT
* EP
* EQ
* ET
* FF
* FG
* FO
* FS
* FT
* FW
* GL
* GK
* GR
* HS
* HT
* HU
* HV
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* IM
* IN
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* NY
* OU
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HR|

* 4478
* 4484
* 4510
* 4533
* 4544
* 4580
* 4587
* 4591
* 4598
* 4613
* 4657
* 4722
* 4741
* 4770
* 4772
* 4805
* 4837
* 4856
* 4877
* 4896
* 4901
* 4935
* 4957 (g)
* 4959
* 4960
* 4986
* 5013
* 5014
* 5031
* 5033
* 5037
* 5053
* 5059
* 5078
* 5086
* 5106 (y)
* 5114
* 5178
* 5183
* 5205
* 5233
* 5258
* 5272
* 5275
* 5276
* 5277
* 5283
* 5307
* 5317
* 5322
* 5332
* 5341
* 5342
* 5344
* 5353
* 5368
* 5384
* 5392
* 5418
* 5424
* 5496
* 5536
* 5584
* 5631

HD|

* 102195
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* 104078
* 104755
* 106038
* 106252
* 106270
* 106515
* 107148
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* 130322
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Star
clusters|

| Open|

* NGC 5634

|

Globular|

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Nebulae|

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* Abell 36

|

Galaxies|

| Messier|

* 49
* 58
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* 84
* 86
* 87
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* 90
* 104 (Sombrero Galaxy)

|

NGC|

* 3776
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* 3914
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* 3979
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* 4043
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* 4058
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* 4067
* 4073
* 4075
* 4077
* 4079
* 4082
* 4083
* 4107
* 4116
* 4119
* 4123
* 4129
* 4139
* 4164
* 4165
* 4168
* 4176
* 4178
* 4179
* 4180
* 4191
* 4193
* 4197
* 4200
* 4201
* 4202
* 4206
* 4207
* 4215
* 4216
* 4223
* 4224
* 4233
* 4234
* 4235
* 4240
* 4241
* 4246
* 4247
* 4249
* 4252
* 4255
* 4257
* 4259
* 4260
* 4261
* 4264
* 4266
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* 4269
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* 4281
* 4282
* 4285
* 4287
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* 4292
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* 4294
* 4296
* 4297
* 4299
* 4300
* 4301
* 4305
* 4306
* 4307
* 4309
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* 4313
* 4316
* 4318
* 4320
* 4324
* 4326
* 4330
* 4333
* 4334
* 4339
* 4341
* 4342
* 4343
* 4348
* 4351
* 4352
* 4353
* 4356
* 4360
* 4365
* 4366
* 4368
* 4370
* 4371
* 4376
* 4378
* 4380
* 4385
* 4387
* 4388
* 4390
* 4402
* 4403
* 4404
* 4410
* 4411
* 4412
* 4413
* 4415
* 4416
* 4417
* 4418
* 4420
* 4422
* 4423
* 4424
* 4425
* 4428
* 4429
* 4430
* 4431
* 4432
* 4433
* 4434
* 4436
* 4440
* 4442
* 4445
* 4451
* 4452
* 4453
* 4454
* 4457
* 4458
* 4461
* 4464
* 4465
* 4466
* 4467
* 4469
* 4470
* 4476
* 4478
* 4480
* 4482
* 4483
* 4484
* 4486A
* 4486B
* 4487
* 4488
* 4491
* 4492
* 4493
* 4496
* 4496B
* 4497
* 4503
* 4504
* 4517
* 4517A
* 4518
* 4518B
* 4519
* 4519A
* 4520
* 4522
* 4526
* 4527
* 4528
* 4531
* 4532
* 4533
* 4535
* 4535A
* 4536
* 4538
* 4541
* 4543
* 4544
* 4546
* 4550
* 4551
* 4564
* 4567
* 4568
* 4570
* 4576
* 4577
* 4578
* 4580
* 4581
* 4584
* 4586
* 4587
* 4588
* 4592
* 4593
* 4596
* 4597
* 4598
* 4599
* 4600
* 4602
* 4604
* 4606
* 4607
* 4608
* 4612
* 4620
* 4623
* 4626
* 4628
* 4629
* 4630
* 4632
* 4636
* 4637
* 4638
* 4639
* 4640
* 4640B
* 4641
* 4642
* 4643
* 4747 ([[Arp 116]])
* 4653
* 4654
* 4658
* 4660
* 4663
* 4664
* 4666
* 4668
* 4671
* 4674
* 4678
* 4680
* 4682
* 4684
* 4688
* 4690
* 4691
* 4694
* 4697
* 4698
* 4699
* 4700
* 4701
* 4703
* 4705
* 4708
* 4713
* 4716
* 4717
* 4718
* 4720
* 4731
* 4731A
* 4733
* 4734
* 4739
* 4742
* 4746
* 4753
* 4754
* 4757
* 4759A
* 4760
* 4761
* 4762
* 4764
* 4765
* 4766
* 4770
* 4771
* 4772
* 4773
* 4775
* 4777
* 4778
* 4779
* 4780
* 4780A
* 4781
* 4784
* 4786
* 4790
* 4791
* 4795
* 4796
* 4799
* 4803
* 4808
* 4809
* 4810
* 4813
* 4818
* 4820
* 4822
* 4823
* 4825
* 4829
* 4830
* 4836
* 4838
* 4843
* 4845
* 4847
* 4855
* 4856
* 4862
* 4863
* 4866
* 4877
* 4878
* 4880
* 4885
* 4887
* 4888
* 4890
* 4897
* 4899
* 4900
* 4902
* 4904
* 4915
* 4918
* 4920
* 4924
* 4925
* 4928
* 4933
* 4933C
* 4939
* 4941
* 4942
* 4948
* 4948A
* 4951
* 4958
* 4969
* 4975
* 4981
* 4984
* 4989
* 4990
* 4991
* 4992
* 4995
* 4996
* 4997
* 4999
* 5006
* 5010
* 5013
* 5015
* 5017
* 5018
* 5019
* 5020
* 5022
* 5027
* 5028
* 5030
* 5031
* 5035
* 5036
* 5037
* 5038
* 5039
* 5044
* 5046
* 5047
* 5049
* 5050
* 5054
* 5058
* 5059
* 5060
* 5066
* 5068
* 5071
* 5072
* 5073
* 5075
* 5076
* 5077
* 5079
* 5080
* 5084
* 5087
* 5088
* 5094
* 5095
* 5097
* 5099
* 5104
* 5105
* 5106
* 5111
* 5115
* 5118
* 5119
* 5122
* 5125
* 5129
* 5130
* 5132
* 5133
* 5134
* 5136
* 5137
* 5146
* 5147
* 5148
* 5159
* 5165
* 5167
* 5170
* 5171
* 5174
* 5176
* 5177
* 5178
* 5179
* 5181
* 5183
* 5184
* 5185
* 5186
* 5191
* 5192
* 5196
* 5197
* 5202
* 5203
* 5207
* 5208
* 5209
* 5210
* 5211
* 5212
* 5213
* 5221
* 5222
* 5224
* 5226
* 5227
* 5230
* 5231
* 5232
* 5235
* 5241
* 5245
* 5246
* 5247
* 5252
* 5254
* 5261
* 5270
* 5285
* 5300
* 5306
* 5324
* 5327
* 5329
* 5331
* 5334
* 5335
* 5338
* 5339
* 5343
* 5345
* 5348
* 5356
* 5360
* 5363
* 5364
* 5366
* 5369
* 5373
* 5374
* 5382
* 5384
* 5386
* 5387
* 5392
* 5400
* 5420
* 5442
* 5468
* 5470
* 5472
* 5476
* 5478
* 5491A
* 5491B
* 5493
* 5496
* 5501
* 5506
* 5507
* 5510
* 5521
* 5534
* 5537
* 5549
* 5551
* 5552
* 5554
* 5555
* 5560
* 5563
* 5566
* 5569
* 5573
* 5574
* 5575
* 5576
* 5577
* 5584
* 5599
* 5604
* 5618
* 5619
* 5619C
* 5636
* 5638
* 5645
* 5652
* 5661
* 5668
* 5674
* 5679
* 5679A
* 5679C
* 5679D
* 5680
* 5690
* 5691
* 5692
* 5701
* 5705
* 5713
* 5718
* 5719
* 5725
* 5733
* 5738
* 5740
* 5746
* 5750
* 5765
* 5765B
* 5770
* 5774
* 5775
* 5776
* 5806
* 5811
* 5813
* 5814
* 5831
* 5838
* 5839
* 5845
* 5846
* 5846A
* 5847
* 5848
* 5850
* 5854
* 5855
* 5864
* 5865
* 5869

Other|

* A1689-zD1
* Abell 1835 IR1916
* Arp 240 (NGC 5257 and NGC 5258)
* Arp 271 (NGC 5426 and NGC 5427)
* BR 1202-0725
* 3C 273
* 3C 279
* 3C 298
* 4C 04.42
* Eyes Galaxies
* GR 8
* IC 3258
* IC 3328
* IRAS 12212+0305
* IRAS 13197−1627
* M60-UCD1
* Markarian 50
* Markarian 1318
* PG 1216+069
* PG 1244+026
* PG 1254+047
* PG 1307+085
* PG 1416−129
* PG 1426+015
* PKS 1148-001
* PKS 1167+014
* PKS 1217+023
* PKS 1229−021
* PKS 1302−102
* PKS 1335−127
* PKS 1402+044
* PKS 1405−076
* QSO B1208+1011
* QSO B1243−072
* QSO B1246−057
* QSO B1331+170
* RXJ1242−11
* SMM J14011+0252
* UM 448
* UM 461
* UM 462

Galaxy
clusters|

* Abell 1644
* Abell 1650
* Abell 1651
* Abell 1689
* Abell 1750
* Abell 1835
* Abell 2029
* Abell 2147
* HCG 62
* MKW 4
* NGC 5044 group
* RX J1347.5−1145
* Virgo Cluster

Other|

* GRB 930131
* GRB 030328
* GRB 050408
* GRB 050801
* GRB 080310
* North Polar Spur
* SN 1960F
* SN 1981B
* SN 1990B
* SN 1990N
* SN 1991T
* SN 1991bg
* SN 1994D
* SN 1999br
* SN 2002cx
* SN 2007bi
* U1.11

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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgo Cluster. Read more

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