Cebuano numbers

Short description: Cebuano language feature

The Cebuano numbers are the system of number names used in Cebuano to express quantities and other information related to numbers. Cebuano has two number systems: the native system and the Spanish-derived system. The native system is mostly used for counting small numbers, basic measurement, and for other pre-existing native concepts that deals with numbers. Meanwhile, the Spanish-derived system is mainly used for concepts that only existed post-colonially such as counting large numbers, currency, solar time, and advanced mathematics.

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 Types
* 2.1 Cardinal
* 2.2 Ordinal
* 2.3 Distributive
* 2.4 Multiplicative
* 3 See also
* 4 References

## History

Unlike other Philippine languages, the native number system of Cebuano was derived solely from the non-human forms of Proto-Austronesian numerals instead of a combination of both human and non-human numerals, such as in Tagalog and Hiligaynon.[1] The numbers were first recorded by chronicler Antonio Pigafetta during Magellan's expedition.[2]

Cebuano Numbers as recorded by Antonio Pigafetta (1521)  1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | 6  | 7  | 8  | 9  | 10

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uzza  | dua  | tolo  | upat  | lima  | onom  | pitto  | gualu  | ciam  | polo

## Types

The native numbers are categorized into four types: cardinal, ordinal, distributive, and multiplicative (also referred to as "viceral" or "adverbial").[3] The multiples of ten are formed by attaching the circumfix "ka-ø-an" (e.g. kawaloan). Those that are within the 20-60 range undergo the process of metathesis and syncope (e.g. katloan, from katuloan).

### Cardinal

Number  | Native  | Spanish-derived

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1  | usá  | uno
2  | duhá  | dos
3  | tuló  | tres
4  | upát  | kwatro
5  | limá  | singku
6  | unóm  | says
7  | pitó  | syete, siti
8  | waló  | otso
9  | siyám  | nuybi
10  | napulò, pulò  | dyis
11  | napúlog usá  | onse
12  | napúlog duhá  | dose
13  | napúlog tuló  | trese
14  | napúlog upát  | katórse
15  | napúlog limá  | kinse
16  | napúlog unóm  | diyesiséys, disisays
17  | napúlog pitó  | diyesisiyete, disisiti
18  | napúlog waló  | diyesiyotso, disiutsu
19  | napúlog siyám  | diyesinwebe, disinuybi
20  | kaluháan (kaduháan)  | beynte, baynti
21  | kaluháag usá  | beyntiwuno, bayntiuno
22  | kaluháag duhá  | beyntidos, bayntidus
23  | kaluháag tuló  | beyntitres, bayntitris
24  | kaluháag upát  | beyntikwatro, bayntikwatru
25  | kaluháag limá  | beyntisingko, bayntisingku
30  | katlóan (katulóan)  | treynta, traynta, trinta
40  | kap-atan (kaupátan)  | kwarénta, kwarinta
50  | kalím-an (kalimáan)  | sinkwénta, singkwinta
60  | kan-óman (kaunóman)  | sesenta, sisinta
70  | kapitóan  | seténta, sitinta
80  | kawalóan  | otsénta, utsinta
90  | kasiyáman  | nobénta
100  | usá ka gatós  | siyén, siyento
200  | duhá ka gatós  | dosiyéntos, dosentos
300  | tuló ka gatós  | tresiyéntos, tresentos
400  | upát ka gatós  | kwatrosiyéntos, kwatrosentos
500  | limá ka gatós  | kiniyéntos, kinyentos
1,000  | usá ka libo, libo  | mil
5,000  | limá ka libo  | singko mil
10,000  | usá ka laksà, napulò ka libo  | dyis mil
50,000  | limá ka laksà, kalím-an ka libo  | singkwenta mil
100,000  | usá ka yaba,[4] usá ka gatós ka líbo  | siyén mil
1,000,000  | usá ka yukót[5] | milyón
1,000,000,000  | usá ka wakát  | bilyón (US-influence, common), mil milyones (rare)

Like other Visayan languages, cardinal numbers are linked to the noun with the ligature ka.

usá ka tawo a/one person
kaluhaan ug usá ka bulan twenty-one months

### Ordinal

Ordinal numbers in Cebuano are formed using the ika- prefix, except una.

Number  | Cebuano

|

1st  | una
2nd  | ikaduhá
3rd  | ikatuló
4th  | ikaupát
5th  | ikalimá
6th  | ikaunóm
7th  | ikapitó
8th  | ikawaló
9th  | ikasiyám
10th  | ikanapulò, ikapulò
11th  | ikanapúlog-usá
20th  | ikakaluháan
21st  | ikakaluháag-usá
25th  | ikakaluháag-limá
30th  | ikakatlóan
40th  | ikakap-atan
50th  | ikakalím-an
60th  | ikakan-óman
70th  | ikakapitóan
80th  | ikakawalóan
90th  | ikakasiyáman
100th  | ikagatós
200th  | ikaduhá ka gatós
500th  | ikalimá ka gatós
1,000th  | ikalibo
5,000th  | ikalimá ka libo
10,000th  | ikalaksà, ikanapulò ka libo
50,000th  | ikalimá ka laksà, ikakalím-an ka libo
100,000th  | ikayaba
1,000,000th  | ikayukót
1,000,000,000th  | ikawakát

### Distributive

Distributive numbers in Cebuano are formed by attaching the tag- prefix to the numerical root. Irregular words may be formed depending on the number being attached to.

Number  | Cebuano

|

1  | tagsa
2  | tagurha
3  | tagutlo
4  | tag-upat
5  | tagilma
6  | tag-unom
7  | tagpito
8  | tagwalo
9  | tagsiyam
10  | tagnapulò, tagpulò
11  | tagnapúlog-usá
20  | tagkaluháan
21  | tagkaluháag-usá
25  | tagkaluháag-limá
30  | tagkatlóan
40  | tagkap-atan
50  | tagkalím-an
60  | tagkan-óman
70  | tagkapitóan
80  | tagkawalóan
90  | tagkasiyáman
100  | taggatós
200  | tagurha ka gatós
500  | tagilma ka gatós
1,000  | taglibo
5,000  | tagilma ka libo
10,000  | taglaksà, tagnapulò ka libo
50,000  | tagilma ka laksà, tagkalím-an ka libo
100,000  | tagyaba
1,000,000  | tagyukót
1,000,000,000  | tagwakát

### Multiplicative

Multiplicative (or viceral) numbers in Cebuano are formed using the ka- prefix. The prefixes "naka-" and "maka-" may also be used to specify if the number is used in the nasugdan or pagasugdan aspect, respectively.

Number  | Cebuano

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1 (once)  | kausá, kás-a
2 (twice)  | kaduhá
3 (thrice)  | katuló
4  | kaupát
5  | kalimá
6  | kaunóm
7  | kapitó
8  | kawaló
9  | kasiyám
10  | kanapulò, kapulò
11  | kanapúlog-usá
20  | kakaluháan
21  | kakaluháag-usá
25  | kakaluháag-limá
30  | kakatlóan
40  | kakap-atan
50  | kakalím-an
60  | kakan-óman
70  | kakapitóan
80  | kakawalóan
90  | kakasiyáman
100  | kagatós
200  | kaduhá ka gatós
500  | kalimá ka gatós
1,000  | kalibo
5,000  | kalimá ka libo
10,000  | kalaksà, kanapulò ka libo
50,000  | kalimá ka laksà, kakalím-an ka libo
100,000  | kayaba
1,000,000  | kayukót
1,000,000,000  | kawakát

## See also

* Cebuano language
* Cebuano grammar

## References

1. ↑ Blust, R. A. (2009). The Austronesian languages (Revised ed.). Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. p. 278. ISBN 9780858836020. https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/10191/6/Blust-2013-AustronesianLanguages.pdf.
2. ↑ Pigafetta, Antonio (1894) (in it). Il Primo Viaggio Intorno al Globo di Antonio Pigafetta, e le Sue Regole sull'Arte del Navigare; Giraloamo Benzoni e la Sua Historia del Mondo Nuovo. p. 83. https://archive.org/details/IlPrimoViaggioIntornoAlGloboDiAnt.
3. ↑ Encina, Francisco (1801). "Chapter 24" (in es, ceb). Arte de la lengua zebuana. p. 569. https://archive.org/details/artedelalenguaze00enci_0/page/n1/mode/2up.
4. ↑ Encarnación, Juan Félix (1885) (in es, ceb). Diccionario bisaya español [Texto impreso]. p. 428. http://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/detalle/bdh0000054797.
5. ↑ San Jerónimo, Tomás (1686) (in es). Arte de la lengua visaya. p. 174. http://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/detalle/bdh0000050677.

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