Acetanilide

{{chembox | Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 477238648 | Name = Acetanilide | ImageFile = Acetanilid.svg | ImageSize = 170 | ImageFileL1 = Acetanilide Ball and Stick.png | ImageSizeL1 = 130 | ImageFileR1 = Acetanilide Space Fill.png | ImageSizeR1 = 130 | ImageName = Acetanilide | PIN = N-Phenylacetamide[1] | OtherNames = Acetanilide[1]
N-Phenylethanamide |Section1=! colspan=2 style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;" |Identifiers

CAS Number

* 103-84-4 Y

3D model (JSmol)

* Interactive image

Beilstein Reference

| 606468 |- | ChEBI

* CHEBI:28884 Y

|- | ChEMBL

* ChEMBL269644 Y

|- | ChemSpider

* 880 Y

| EC Number

* 203-150-7

Gmelin Reference

| 82833 |-

| KEGG

* C07565 Y

PubChem CID

* 904

|- | RTECS number

* AD7350000

|- | UNII

* SP86R356CC Y

| colspan="2" |

InChI

* InChI=1S/C8H9NO/c1-7(10)9-8-5-3-2-4-6-8/h2-6H,1H3,(H,9,10) Y

Key: FZERHIULMFGESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y

* InChI=1/C8H9NO/c1-7(10)9-8-5-3-2-4-6-8/h2-6H,1H3,(H,9,10)

Key: FZERHIULMFGESH-UHFFFAOYAA

| colspan="2" |

SMILES

* O=C(Nc1ccccc1)C

|- |Section2=! colspan=2 style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;" |Properties[2][3]

Chemical formula

| C8H9NO

|- | Molar mass

| 135.166 g·mol−1

| Odor | Odorless |- | Density | 1.219 g/cm3 |- | Melting point |  113–115 °C (235–239 °F; 386–388 K)

|- | Boiling point |  304 °C (579 °F; 577 K)

Solubility in water

| <0.56 g/100 mL (25 °C) |-

| Solubility | Soluble in ethanol, diethyl ether, acetone, benzene |-

| log P | 1.16 (23 °C) |- | Vapor pressure | 2 Pa (20 °C) |-

Dipole moment

| 2.71 |-

Acetanilide crystals on a watch glass

Acetanilide[6] is an odourless solid chemical of leaf or flake-like appearance. It is also known as N-phenylacetamide, acetanil, or acetanilid, and was formerly known by the trade name Antifebrin.

## Contents

* 1 Preparation and properties
* 2 Applications
* 2.1 Pharmaceutical use
* 3 See also
* 4 Notes
* 5 References
* 6 External links

## Preparation and properties

Acetanilide can be produced by reacting acetic anhydride with aniline:

C6H5NH2 \+ (CH3CO)2O → C6H5NHCOCH3 \+ CH3COOH

The preparation used to be a traditional experiment in introductory organic chemistry lab classes,[7] but it has now been widely replaced by the preparation of either paracetamol or aspirin, both of which teach the same practical techniques (especially recrystallization of the product) but which avoid the use of aniline, a suspected carcinogen.

Acetanilide is slightly soluble in water, and stable under most conditions.[4] Pure crystals are plate shaped and appear colorless, white, or in between.

## Applications

Acetanilide is used as an inhibitor of hydrogen peroxide decomposition and is used to stabilize cellulose ester varnishes. It has also found uses in the intermediation in rubber accelerator synthesis, dyes and dye intermediate synthesis, and camphor synthesis.[8] Acetanilide is used for the production of 4-acetamidobenzenesulfonyl chloride, a key intermediate for the manufacture of the sulfa drugs.[9]

In the 19th century acetanilide was one of a large number of compounds used as experimental photographic developers.

### Pharmaceutical use

Acetanilide was the first aniline derivative found to possess analgesic as well as antipyretic properties, and was quickly introduced into medical practice under the names of Antifebrin by A. Cahn and P. Hepp in 1886.[10] But its (apparent) unacceptable toxic effects, the most alarming being cyanosis due to methemoglobinemia and ultimately liver and kidney damage,[11] prompted the search for supposedly less toxic aniline derivatives such as phenacetin.[12] After several conflicting results over the ensuing fifty years, it was established in 1948 that acetanilide was mostly metabolized to paracetamol (acetaminophen) in the human body, and that it was this metabolite that was responsible for the analgesic and antipyretic properties.[11][13] The observed methemoglobinemia after acetanilide administration was ascribed to the small proportion of acetanilide that is hydrolyzed to aniline in the body.[note 1] Acetanilide is no longer used as a drug, although the efficacy of its metabolite paracetamol (acetaminophen) is well known.

## See also

* Nitroacetanilide

## Notes

1. ↑ The presence of aniline as an impurity in 19th century batches of acetanilide drugs cannot be ruled out. In this respect, paracetamol (acetaminophen) is safer than acetanilide, as (1) the corresponding impurity would be 4-aminophenol, which is less toxic than aniline; and (2) in vivo hydrolysis of the amide group in paracetamol appears to be negligible.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Front Matter". Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book). Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014. p. 846. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-FP001. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4. "N-Phenyl derivatives of primary amides are called ‘anilides’ and may be named using the term ‘anilide’ in place of ‘amide’ in systematic or retained names of amides. (…) However, names expressing N-substitution by a phenyl group on an amide are preferred IUPAC names."
2. ↑ Weast, Robert C., ed (1981). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (62nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. C-67. ISBN 0-8493-0462-8. .
3. ↑ Acetanilide, SIDS Initial Assessment Report, Geneva: United Nations Environment Programme, September 2003, http://www.inchem.org/documents/sids/sids/Acetanilide.pdf .
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Safety data for acetanilide". Physical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford. http://ptcl.chem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/AC/acetanilide.html. .
5. ↑ "HSNO Chemical Classification Information Database". New Zealand: Environmental Risk Management Authority. https://www.epa.govt.nz/database-search/chemical-classification-and-information-database-ccid/view/753A1DBD-C677-44DA-AF65-00F745A42660#:~:text=classification acute tox..
6. ↑ Acetanilide, http://chemicalland21.com/lifescience/phar/ACETANILIDE.htm, retrieved 2007-12-29 .
7. ↑ See, e.g.,  The preparation of acetanilide from aniline, Department of Chemistry, University of the West Indies at Mona, Jamaica, http://wwwchem.uwimona.edu.jm/lab_manuals/c10expt23.html, retrieved 2009-08-26 ; Reeve, Wilkins; Lowe, Valerie C. (1979), "Preparation of Acetanilide from Nitrobenzene", J. Chem. Educ. 56 (7): 488, doi:10.1021/ed056p488, Bibcode: 1979JChEd..56..488R : the latter preparation includes the reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline.
8. ↑ PubChem. "Acetanilide" (in en). https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/904.
9. ↑ Ashford's Dictionary of Industrial Chemicals (Third ed.). 2011. p. 33.
10. ↑ Cahn, A.; Hepp, P. (1886), "Das Antifebrin, ein neues Fiebermittel", Centralbl. Klin. Med. 7: 561–64 .
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Brodie, B. B.; Axelrod, J. (1948), "The estimation of acetanilide and its metabolic products, aniline, N-acetyl p-aminophenol and p-aminophenol (free and total conjugated) in biological fluids and tissues", J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 94 (1): 22–28, PMID 18885610 .
12. ↑ Bertolini, A.; Ferrari, A.; Ottani, A.; Guerzoni, S.; Tacchi, R.; Leone, S. (2006), "Paracetamol: new vistas of an old drug", CNS Drug Reviews 12 (3–4): 250–75, doi:10.1111/j.1527-3458.2006.00250.x, PMID 17227290 .
13. ↑ Multiple sources:
* Lester, D.; Greenberg, L. A. (1947), "Metabolic fate of acetanilide and other aniline derivatives. II. Major metabolites of acetanilide in the blood", J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 90 (1): 68–75, PMID 20241897 .
* Brodie, B. B.; Axelrod, J. (1948), "The fate of acetanilide in man", J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 94 (1): 29–38, PMID 18885611, http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/HH/A/A/A/D/_/hhaaad.pdf
* Flinn, Frederick B.; Brodie, Bernard B. (1948), "The effect on the pain threshold of N-acetyl p-aminophenol, a product derived in the body from acetanilide", J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 94 (1): 76–77, PMID 18885618 .

## External links

"Making an old pain and fever medication" by NileRed. YouTube. May 21, 2017.

* v
* t
* e

Prostanoid signaling modulators

Receptor
(ligands)|

| DP (D2)|

| DP1|

* Agonists: Prostaglandin D2
* Treprostinil

* Antagonists: Asapiprant
* Laropiprant
* Vidupiprant

|

DP2|

* Agonists: Indometacin
* Prostaglandin D2

* Antagonists: ADC-3680
* AZD-1981
* Bay U3405
* Fevipiprant
* MK-1029
* MK-7246
* QAV-680
* Ramatroban
* Setipiprant
* Timapiprant
* TM30089
* Vidupiprant

EP (E2)|

| EP1|

* Agonists: Beraprost
* Enprostil
* Iloprost (ciloprost)
* Latanoprost
* Lubiprostone
* Misoprostol
* Prostaglandin E1 (alprostadil)
* Prostaglandin E2 (dinoprostone)
* Sulprostone

* Antagonists: AH-6809
* ONO-8130
* SC-19220
* SC-51089
* SC-51322

|

EP2|

* Agonists: Butaprost
* Misoprostol
* Prostaglandin E1 (alprostadil)
* Prostaglandin E2 (dinoprostone)
* Treprostinil

* Antagonists: AH-6809
* PF-04418948
* TG 4-155

EP3|

* Agonists: Beraprost
* Carbacyclin
* Cicaprost
* Enprostil
* Iloprost (ciloprost)
* Isocarbacyclin
* Latanoprost
* Misoprostol
* Prostaglandin D2
* Prostaglandin E1 (alprostadil)
* Prostaglandin E2 (dinoprostone)
* Remiprostol
* Sulprostone

* Antagonists: L-798106

EP4|

* Agonists: Lubiprostone
* Misoprostol
* Prostaglandin E1 (alprostadil)
* Prostaglandin E2 (dinoprostone)
* TCS-2510

* Antagonists: Grapiprant
* GW-627368
* L-161982
* ONO-AE3-208

Unsorted|

* Agonists: 16,16-Dimethyl Prostaglandin E2
* Aganepag
* Carboprost
* Evatanepag
* Gemeprost
* Nocloprost
* Omidenepag
* Prostaglandin F2α (dinoprost)
* Simenepag
* Taprenepag

FP (F2α)|

* Agonists: Alfaprostol
* Bimatoprost
* Carboprost
* Cloprostenol
* Enprostil
* Fluprostenol
* Latanoprost
* Prostaglandin D2
* Prostaglandin F2α (dinoprost)
* Sulotroban
* Tafluprost
* Travoprost
* Unoprostone

IP (I2)|

* Agonists: ACT-333679
* AFP-07
* Beraprost
* BMY-45778
* Carbacyclin
* Cicaprost
* Iloprost (ciloprost)
* Isocarbacyclin
* MRE-269
* NS-304
* Prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2, epoprostenol)
* Prostaglandin E1 (alprostadil)
* Ralinepag
* Selexipag
* Taprostene
* TRA-418
* Treprostinil

* Antagonists: RO1138452

TP (TXA2)|

* Agonists: Carbocyclic thromboxane A2
* I-BOP
* Thromboxane A2
* U-46619
* Vapiprost

* Antagonists: 12-HETE
* 13-APA
* AA-2414
* Argatroban
* Bay U3405
* BMS-180,291
* Daltroban
* Domitroban
* EP-045
* GR-32191
* ICI-185282
* ICI-192605
* Ifetroban
* Imitrodast
* L-655240
* L-670596
* Linotroban
* Mipitroban
* ONO-3708
* ONO-11120
* Picotamide
* Pinane thromboxane A2
* Ramatroban
* Ridogrel
* S-145
* Samixogrel
* Seratrodast
* SQ-28,668
* SQ-29,548
* Sulotroban
* Terbogrel
* Terutroban
* TRA-418

Unsorted|

* Arbaprostil
* Ataprost
* Ciprostene
* Clinprost
* Cobiprostone
* Delprostenate
* Deprostil
* Dimoxaprost
* Doxaprost
* Ecraprost
* Eganoprost
* Enisoprost
* Eptaloprost
* Esuberaprost
* Etiproston
* Fenprostalene
* Flunoprost
* Froxiprost
* Lanproston
* Limaprost
* Luprostiol
* Meteneprost
* Mexiprostil
* Naxaprostene
* Nileprost
* Nocloprost
* Ornoprostil
* Oxoprostol
* Penprostene
* Pimilprost
* Piriprost
* Posaraprost
* Prostalene
* Rioprostil
* Rivenprost
* Rosaprostol
* Spiriprostil
* Tiaprost
* Tilsuprost
* Tiprostanide
* Trimoprostil
* Viprostol

Enzyme
(inhibitors)|

| COX
(PTGS)|

* Salicylic acids: Aloxiprin
* Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)
* Benorilate (benorylate)
* Carbasalate calcium
* Diflusinal
* Dipyrocetyl
* Ethenzamide
* Guacetisal
* Magnesium salicylate
* Mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid)
* Methyl salicylate
* Salacetamide
* Salicin
* Salicylamide
* Salicylate (salicylic acid)
* Salsalate
* Sodium salicylate
* Triflusal; Acetic acids: Aceclofenac
* Acemetacin
* Aclofenac
* Amfenac
* Alclofenac
* Bendazac
* Bromfenac
* Bufexamac
* Bumadizone
* Cinmetacin
* Clometacin
* Diclofenac
* Difenpiramide
* Etodolac
* Felbinac
* Fenclofenac
* Fentiazac
* Glucametacin
* Indometacin (indomethacin)
* Indometacin farnesil
* Ketorolac
* Lonazolac
* Mofezolac
* Nabumetone
* Oxametacin
* Oxindanac
* Proglumetacin
* Sulindac
* Sulindac sulfide
* Tolmetin
* Zidometacin
* Zomepirac; Propionic acids: Alminoprofen
* Benoxaprofen
* Bucloxic acid (blucloxate)
* Butibufen
* Carprofen
* Dexibuprofen
* Dexindoprofen
* Dexketoprofen
* Fenbufen
* Fenoprofen
* Flunoxaprofen
* Flurbiprofen
* Ibuprofen
* Ibuproxam
* Indoprofen
* Ketoprofen
* Loxoprofen
* Miroprofen
* Naproxen
* Naproxcinod
* Oxaprozin
* Pirprofen
* Pranoprofen
* Suprofen
* Tarenflurbil
* Tepoxalin
* Tiaprofenic acid (tiaprofenate)
* Vedaprofen; Anthranilic acids (fenamic acids): Etofenamic acid (etofenamate)
* Floctafenic acid (floctafenate)
* Flufenamic acid (flufenamate)
* Meclofenamic acid (meclofenamate)
* Mefenamic acid (mefenamate)
* Morniflumic acid (morniflumate)
* Niflumic acid (niflumate)
* Talinflumic acid (talinflumate)
* Tolfenamic acid (tolfenamate); Pyrazolones: Azapropazone
* Dipyrone
* Isopyrin
* Oxyphenbutazone
* Phenylbutazone; Enolic acids (oxicams): Ampiroxicam
* Droxicam
* Enolicam
* Isoxicam
* Lornoxicam
* Meloxicam
* Piroxicam
* Tenoxicam; 4-Aminoquinolines: Antrafenine
* Floctafenine
* Glafenine; Quinazolines: Fluproquazone
* Proquazone; Aminonicotinic acids: Clonixeril
* Clonixin
* Flunixin; Sulfonanilides: Flosulide
* Nimesulide; Aminophenols (anilines): Acetanilide
* AM-404 (N-arachidonoylaminophenol)
* Bucetin
* Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
* Parapropamol
* Phenacetin
* Propacetamol; Selective COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs): Apricoxib
* Celecoxib
* Cimicoxib
* Deracoxib
* Etoricoxib
* Firocoxib
* Lumiracoxib
* Mavacoxib
* Parecoxib
* Polmacoxib
* Robenacoxib
* Rofecoxib
* Tilmacoxib
* Valdecoxib; Others/unsorted: Anitrazafen
* Clobuzarit
* Curcumin
* DuP-697
* FK-3311
* Flumizole
* FR-122047
* Glimepiride
* Hyperforin
* Itazigrel
* L-655240
* L-670596
* Licofelone
* Menatetrenone (vitamin K2)
* NCX-466
* NCX-4040
* NS-398
* Pamicogrel
* Resveratrol
* Romazarit
* Rosmarinic acid
* Rutecarpine
* Satigrel
* SC-236
* SC-560
* SC-58125
* Tenidap
* Tiflamizole
* Timegadine
* Trifenagrel
* Tropesin

|

PGD2S|

* Retinoids
* Selenium (selenium tetrachloride, sodium selenite, selenium disulfide)

PGES|

HQL-79

PGFS|

Bimatoprost

PGI2S|

Tranylcypromine

TXAS|

* Camonagrel
* Dazmegrel
* Dazoxiben
* Furegrelate
* Isbogrel
* Midazogrel
* Nafagrel
* Nicogrelate
* Ozagrel
* Picotamide
* Pirmagrel
* Ridogrel
* Rolafagrel
* Samixogrel
* Terbogrel
* U63557A

Others|

* Precursors: Linoleic acid
* γ-Linolenic acid (gamolenic acid)
* Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid
* Diacylglycerol
* Arachidonic acid
* Prostaglandin G2
* Prostaglandin H2

See also
Receptor/signaling modulators
Leukotriene signaling modulators
Nuclear receptor modulators

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Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Chemistry:Acetanilide&oldid=853787"
*[CID]: Compound ID
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template
*[DP (D2)]: Prostaglandin D2 receptor
*[DP1]: Prostaglandin D2 receptor 1
*[DP2]: Prostaglandin D2 receptor 2
*[EP (E2)]: Prostaglandin E2 receptor
*[EP1]: Prostaglandin EP1 receptor
*[EP2]: Prostaglandin EP2 receptor
*[EP3]: Prostaglandin EP3 receptor
*[EP4]: Prostaglandin EP4 receptor
*[FP (F2α)]: Prostaglandin F receptor
*[IP (I2)]: Prostacyclin receptor
*[TP (TXA2)]: Thromboxane receptor
*[COX]: Cyclooxygenase
*[PTGS]: prostaglandin G/H synthase
*[PGD2S]: Prostaglandin D synthase
*[PGES]: Prostaglandin E synthase
*[PGFS]: Prostaglandin F synthase
*[PGI2S]: Prostacyclin synthase
*[TXAS]: Thromboxane A synthase