Arsenic trichloride

Names
Other names

Arsenic(III) chloride, Arsenous trichloride, Arsine trichloride, Butter of arsenic, de Valagin's solution, Trichloroarsine

Identifiers

CAS Number

* 7784-34-1 Y

3D model (JSmol)

* Interactive image

ChemSpider |

* 22974 Y

EC Number |

* 232-059-5

PubChem CID

* 24570

RTECS number |

* CG1750000

UNII |

* 5XW39M1300

UN number | 1560

InChI

* InChI=1S/AsCl3/c2-1(3)4 Y

Key: OEYOHULQRFXULB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y

* InChI=1/AsCl3/c2-1(3)4

Key: OEYOHULQRFXULB-UHFFFAOYAG

SMILES

* Cl[As](Cl)Cl

Properties

Chemical formula

| AsCl3
Molar mass | 181.28 g/mol
Appearance  | colourless oily liquid
Density | 2.163 g/cm3, liquid
Melting point |  −13 °C (9 °F; 260 K)
Boiling point |  181 °C (358 °F; 454 K)

Solubility in water

| Hydrolyzes
Solubility | soluble in alcohol, ether, HCl, HBr, chloroform, CCl4[1]

Magnetic susceptibility (χ)

| -79.9·10−6 cm3/mol

Refractive index (nD)

| 1.6006
Viscosity | 9.77 x 10−6 Pa s
Hazards
Main hazards | Very toxic, carcinogen, corrosive, decomposes on contact with water releasing HCl
GHS pictograms |
GHS Signal word | Danger

GHS hazard statements

| H301, H310, H314, H331, H350, H410

GHS precautionary statements

| P201, P202, P260, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P281, P301+310, P301+330+331, P302+350, P303+361+353, P304+340, P305+351+338, P308+313, P310, P311, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)  |

Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):

LD50 (median dose)

| 48 mg/kg

LCLo (lowest published)

| 100 mg/m3 (cat, 1 hr)
200 mg/m3 (cat, 20 min)
338 ppm (rat, 10 min)[3]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):

PEL (Permissible)

| [1910.1018] TWA 0.010 mg/m3[2]

REL (Recommended)

| Ca C 0.002 mg/m3 [15-minute][2]

IDLH (Immediate danger)

| Ca [5 mg/m3 (as As)][2]
Related compounds

Other anions

| Arsenic trioxide, Arsenic trifluoride

Other cations

| Antimony trichloride

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Y verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Arsenic trichloride is an inorganic compound with the formula AsCl3, also known as arsenous chloride or butter of arsenic. This poisonous oil is colourless, although impure samples may appear yellow. It is an intermediate in the manufacture of organoarsenic compounds.[4]

## Contents

* 1 Structure
* 2 Synthesis
* 3 Reactions
* 4 Safety
* 5 References

## Structure

AsCl3 is a pyramidal molecule with C3v symmetry. The As-Cl bond is 2.161 Å and the angle Cl-As-Cl is 98° 25'±30.[5][6] AsCl3 has four normal modes of vibration: ν1(A1) 416, ν2(A1) 192, ν3 393, and ν4(E) 152 cm−1.[7]

## Synthesis

This colourless liquid is prepared by treatment of arsenic(III) oxide with hydrogen chloride followed by distillation:

As2O3 \+ 6 HCl → 2 AsCl3 \+ 3 H2O

It can also be prepared by chlorination of arsenic at 80–85 °C, but this method requires elemental arsenic.[4]

2 As + 3 Cl2 → 2 AsCl3

Arsenic trichloride can be prepared by the reaction of arsenic oxide and sulfur monochloride. This method requires simple apparatus and proceeds efficiently:[8]

2 As2O3 \+ 6 S2Cl2 → 4 AsCl3 \+ 3 SO2 \+ 9 S

A convenient laboratory method is refluxing arsenic(III) oxide with thionyl chloride:[9]

2 As2O3 \+ 3 SOCl2 → 2 AsCl3 \+ 3 SO2

Arsenic trichloride can also be prepared by the reaction of hydrochloric acid and arsenic(III) sulfide.

As2S3 \+ 6 HCl → 2 AsCl3 \+ 3 H2S

## Reactions

Hydrolysis gives arsenous acid and hydrochloric acid:

AsCl3 \+ 3 H2O → As(OH)3 \+ 3 HCl

Although AsCl3 is less moisture sensitive than PCl3, it still fumes in moist air.[10]

AsCl3 undergoes redistribution upon treatment with As2O3 to give the inorganic polymer AsOCl. With chloride sources, AsCl3, forms salts containing the anion [AsCl4]−. Reaction with potassium bromide and potassium iodide give arsenic tribromide and arsenic triiodide, respectively.

AsCl3 is useful in organoarsenic chemistry, for example triphenylarsine is derived from AsCl3:[11]

AsCl3 \+ 6 Na + C6H5Cl → As(C6H5)3 \+ 6 NaCl

The chemical weapons called Lewisites are prepared by the addition of arsenic trichloride to acetylene:

AsCl
3 \+ C

2 → ClCH=CHAsCl

## Safety

Inorganic arsenic compounds are highly toxic,[4] and AsCl3 especially so because of its volatility and solubility (in water).

It is classified as an extremely hazardous substance in the United States as defined in Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (42 U.S.C. 11002), and is subject to strict reporting requirements by facilities which produce, store, or use it in significant quantities.[12]

## References

1. ↑ John Rumble (June 18, 2018) (in English). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (99th ed.). CRC Press. pp. 4–41. ISBN 978-1138561632.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0038". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0038.html.
3. ↑ "Arsenic (inorganic compounds, as As)". Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/7440382.html.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Sabina C. Grund, Kunibert Hanusch, Hans Uwe Wolf "Arsenic and Arsenic Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, VCH-Wiley, 2008, Weinheim.doi:10.1002/14356007.a03_113.pub2
5. ↑ P. Kisliuk; C. H. Townes. "The Microwave Spectra and Molecular Structure of Phosphorus and Arsenic Trichloride". J. Chem. Phys. 1950, 18.
6. ↑ Jean Galy; Renee Enjalbertl Pierre Lecante; Andrzej Burian "AsCl3: From the crystalline to the liquid state. XRD (176< T (K) < 250) and WAXS (295K) studies" Inorg. Chem 2002, volume 41, pp. 693–698.doi:10.1021/ic0102788
7. ↑ Klapoetke, Thomas M. "The vibrational spectrum of arsenic trichloride" Main Group Metal Chemistry 1997, volume 20, pp. 81–83.
8. ↑ R. C. Smith, "Manufacture of Arsenic trichloride" The Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 1919, volume 11, pp. 109–110. doi:10.1021/ie50110a009
9. ↑ Pandey, S. K.; Steiner, A.; Roesky, H. W. (1997). "Arsenic(III) chloride". Inorganic Synthesis 31: 148-150. doi:10.1002/9780470132623.ch24.
10. ↑ Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. Inorganic Chemistry Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.
11. ↑ Shriner, R. L.; Wolf, C. N. (1963). "Tetraphenylarsonium Chloride Hydrochloride". Organic Syntheses. http://www.orgsyn.org/demo.aspx?prep=cv4p0910. ;  Collective Volume, 4, pp. 910 . Describes the preparation of As(C6H5)3.
12. ↑ ﻿40 C.F.R.: Appendix A to Part 355—The List of Extremely Hazardous Substances and Their Threshold Planning Quantities﻿ (Report) (July 1, 2008 ed.). Government Printing Office. http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/cfr_2008/julqtr/pdf/40cfr355AppA.pdf. Retrieved October 29, 2011.

* v
* t
* e

Arsenic compounds

* AsBr3
* AsCl3
* AsCl5
* AsF3
* AsF5
* AsH3
* AsHgI4
* AsI3
* As2O3
* As2O5
* As2S3
* As2S5
* As2Se3
* As4S4

* v
* t
* e

Salts and covalent derivatives of the chloride ion

HCl |  |  |  | He

|
|
|
|

LiCl | BeCl2 | BCl3
B2Cl4 | CCl4 | NCl3
ClN3 | Cl2O
ClO2
Cl2O7 | ClF
ClF3
ClF5 | Ne
NaCl | MgCl2 | AlCl
AlCl3 | SiCl4 | P2Cl4
PCl3
PCl5 | S2Cl2
SCl2
SCl4 | Cl2 | Ar
KCl | CaCl
CaCl2 | ScCl3 | TiCl2
TiCl3
TiCl4 | VCl2
VCl3
VCl4
VCl5 | CrCl2
CrCl3
CrCl4 | MnCl2 | FeCl2
FeCl3 | CoCl2
CoCl3 | NiCl2 | CuCl
CuCl2 | ZnCl2 | GaCl2
GaCl3 | GeCl2
GeCl4 | AsCl3
AsCl5 | Se2Cl2
SeCl4 | BrCl | KrCl
RbCl | SrCl2 | YCl3 | ZrCl3
ZrCl4 | NbCl4
NbCl5 | MoCl2
MoCl3
MoCl4
MoCl5
MoCl6 | TcCl4 | RuCl3 | RhCl3 | PdCl2 | AgCl | CdCl2 | InCl
InCl2
InCl3 | SnCl2
SnCl4 | SbCl3
SbCl5 | Te3Cl2
TeCl4 | ICl
ICl3 | XeCl
XeCl2
CsCl | BaCl2 |  | HfCl4 | TaCl5 | WCl2
WCl3
WCl4
WCl5
WCl6 | Re3Cl9
ReCl4
ReCl5
ReCl6 | OsCl4 | IrCl2
IrCl3
IrCl4 | PtCl2
PtCl4 | AuCl
AuCl3 | Hg2Cl2,
HgCl2 | TlCl | PbCl2,
PbCl4 | BiCl3 | PoCl2,
PoCl4 | AtCl  | RnCl2
FrCl | RaCl2 |  | Rf  | Db  | Sg  | Bh  | Hs  | Mt  | Ds  | Rg  | Cn  | Nh  | Fl  | Mc  | Lv  | Ts  | Og
| ↓  |  |
LaCl3 | CeCl3 | PrCl3 | NdCl2,
NdCl3 | PmCl3 | SmCl2,
SmCl3 | EuCl2,
EuCl3 | GdCl3 | TbCl3 | DyCl2,
DyCl3 | HoCl3 | ErCl3 | TmCl2
TmCl3 | YbCl2
YbCl3 | LuCl3
AcCl3 | ThCl4 | PaCl5 | UCl3
UCl4
UCl5
UCl6 | NpCl4 | PuCl3 | AmCl2
AmCl3 | CmCl3 | BkCl3 | CfCl3 | EsCl3 | Fm  | Md  | No  | LrCl3

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*[CID]: Compound ID
*[H301]: Toxic if swallowed
*[H310]: Fatal in contact with skin
*[H314]: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage
*[H331]: Toxic if inhaled
*[H350]: May cause cancer
*[H410]: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
*[P201]: Obtain special instructions before use
*[P202]: Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood
*[P260]: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray
*[P261]: Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray
*[P262]: Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing
*[P264]: Wash … thoroughly after handling
*[P270]: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product
*[P271]: Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area
*[P273]: Avoid release to the environment
*[P280]: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection
*[P281]: Use personal protective equipment as required
*[P301+310]: IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician
*[P301+330+331]: IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting
*[P302+350]: IF ON SKIN: Gently wash with soap and water
*[P303+361+353]: IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower
*[P304+340]: IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing
*[P305+351+338]: IF IN EYES: Rinse continuously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do – continue rinsing
*[P308+313]: IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention
*[P310]: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician
*[P311]: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician
*[P321]: Specific treatment (see … on this label)
*[P322]: Specific measures (see … on this label)
*[P330]: Rinse mouth
*[P361]: Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing
*[P363]: Wash contaminated clothing before reuse
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