Barium oxide

Short description: Chemical compound used in cathode-ray tubes

"BaO" redirects here. For other uses, see BAO (disambiguation) and Bao (disambiguation).

Barium oxide

Names
Other names

* Neutral barium oxide (1:1)
* Barium protoxide
* Calcined baryta
* Baria

Identifiers

CAS Number

* 1304-28-5 Y

3D model (JSmol)

* Interactive image

ChemSpider |

* 56180 Y

EC Number |

* 215-127-9

PubChem CID

* 62392

RTECS number |

* CQ9800000

UNII |

* 77603K202B Y

UN number | 1884

InChI

* InChI=1S/Ba.O Y

Key: QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y

* InChI=1/Ba.O/rBaO/c1-2

Key: QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-FXUTYLCTAB

SMILES

* [Ba]=O

Properties

Chemical formula

| BaO
Molar mass | 153.326 g/mol
Appearance  | white solid
Density | 5.72 g/cm3, solid
Melting point |  1,923 °C (3,493 °F; 2,196 K)
Boiling point | ~ 2,000 °C (3,630 °F; 2,270 K)

Solubility in water

* 3.48 g/100 mL (20 °C)
* 90.8 g/100 mL (100 °C)
* Reacts to form Ba(OH)2

Solubility | soluble in ethanol, dilute mineral acids and alkalies; insoluble in acetone and liquid ammonia

Magnetic susceptibility (χ)

| −29.1·10−6 cm3/mol
Structure

Crystal structure

| cubic, cF8

Space group

| Fm3m, No. 225

Coordination geometry

| Octahedral
Thermochemistry

Heat capacity (C)

| 47.7 J/K mol

Std molar
entropy (S ~~o~~ 298)

| 70 J·mol−1·K−1[1]

Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298)

| −582 kJ·mol−1[1]
Hazards
GHS pictograms |
GHS Signal word | Danger

GHS hazard statements

| H301, H302, H314, H315, H332, H412

GHS precautionary statements

| P210, P220, P221, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P283, P301+310, P301+312, P301+330+331, P302+352, P303+361+353, P304+312, P304+340, P305+351+338, P306+360, P310, P312, P321, P330, P332+313
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)  |

Flash point | Non-flammable
Related compounds

Other anions

* Barium hydroxide
* Barium peroxide

Other cations

* Beryllium oxide
* Magnesium oxide
* Calcium oxide
* Strontium oxide

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

N verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Barium oxide, also known as baria, is a white hygroscopic non-flammable compound with the formula BaO. It has a cubic structure and is used in cathode-ray tubes, crown glass, and catalysts. It is harmful to human skin and if swallowed in large quantity causes irritation. Excessive quantities of barium oxide may lead to death.

## Contents

* 1 Uses
* 2 Preparation
* 3 Safety issues
* 4 See also
* 5 References
* 6 External links

## Uses

Barium oxide is used as a coating for hot cathodes, for example, those in cathode-ray tubes. It replaced lead(II) oxide in the production of certain kinds of glass such as optical crown glass. While lead oxide raised the refractive index, it also raised the dispersive power, which barium oxide does not alter.[2] Barium oxide also has use as an ethoxylation catalyst in the reaction of ethylene oxide and alcohols, which takes place between 150 and 200 °C.[3]

It is most known for its use in the Brin process, named after its inventors, a reaction that was used as a large scale method to produce oxygen before air separation became the dominant method in the beginning of the 20th century, as BaO can be a source of pure oxygen through heat fluctuation.

BaO(s) + ½O2(g) ⇌ BaO2(s)

It oxidises to BaO2 by formation of a peroxide ion ([O–O]2−, or O2−
2) — with the same charge of O2−, and therefore keeping the electrochemical balance with the most stable Ba2+. Using the Kröger-Vink notation,

2(g) + O2–O ⇌ [O2]2–O

where JO is the species J in the oxygen position within the rock-salt lattice. The complete peroxidation of BaO to BaO2 occurs at moderate temperatures by oxygen uptake within the BaO rock-salt lattice:

Barium oxide peroxidation from oxygen uptake, adapted from Middleburgh et al, 2012.[4]

Calculations using Density Functional Theory (DFT) suggest that the oxygen incorporation reaction is exothermic, and that the most energetically favoured occupation site is indeed the peroxide ion at the oxide lattice — other than interstitial positions, for instance. However, the increased entropy of the system is what leads BaO2 to decompose to BaO and release O2 between 800 and 1100 K (520 and 820 °C).[4] The reaction was used as a large scale method to produce oxygen before air separation became the dominant method in the beginning of the 20th century. The method was named the Brin process, after its inventors.[5]

## Preparation

Barium oxide from metallic barium readily forms from its exothermic oxidation with dioxygen in air:

2 Ba(s) + O2(g) → 2 BaO(s).

It's most commonly made by heating barium carbonate at temperatures of 1000-1450 °C.

BaCO3(s) → BaO(s) + CO2(g)

Likewise, it is often formed through the thermal decomposition of other barium salts,[6] like barium nitrate.[7]

## Safety issues

Barium oxide is an irritant. If it contacts the skin or the eyes or is inhaled it causes pain and redness. However, it is more dangerous when ingested. It can cause nausea and diarrhea, muscle paralysis, cardiac arrhythmia, and can cause death. If ingested, medical attention should be sought immediately.

Barium oxide should not be released environmentally; it is harmful to aquatic organisms.[8]

## See also

* Chemistry:Barium

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Zumdahl, Steven S. (2009). Chemical Principles 6th Ed.. Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 978-0-618-94690-7.
2. ↑ "Barium Oxide (chemical compound)". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-53368/barium-oxide. Retrieved 2007-02-19.
3. ↑ Nield, Gerald; Washecheck, Paul; Yang, Kang (1980-07-01). "United States Patent 4210764". http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4210764.html.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Middleburgh, Simon C.; Lagerlof, Karl Peter D.; Grimes, Robin W. (2013). "Accommodation of Excess Oxygen in Group II Monoxides" (in en). Journal of the American Ceramic Society 96 (1): 308–311. doi:10.1111/j.1551-2916.2012.05452.x. ISSN 1551-2916. https://ceramics.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2012.05452.x.
5. ↑ Jensen, William B. (2009). "The Origin of the Brin Process for the Manufacture of Oxygen". Journal of Chemical Education 86 (11): 1266. doi:10.1021/ed086p1266. Bibcode: 2009JChEd..86.1266J.
6. ↑ "Compounds of barium: barium (II) oxide". Web Elements. The University of Sheffield. 2007-01-26. http://www.webelements.com/webelements/compounds/text/Ba/Ba1O1-1304285.html.
7. ↑ Pradyot Patnaik. Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill, 2002, ISBN 0-07-049439-8
8. ↑ "Barium Oxide (ICSC)". IPCS. October 1999. http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0778.htm.

## External links

* International Chemical Safety Card 0778

* v
* t
* e

Barium compounds

* Ba(BO2)2
* BaBr2
* Ba(CH3CO2)2
* Ba(C5H7O2)2
* Ba(ClO)2
* Ba(ClO2)2
* BaCO3
* BaC2O4
* Ba(ClO3)2
* Ba(ClO4)2
* Ba(CN)2
* BaCl2
* BaCrO4
* BaF2
* BaFeO4
* BaFe2O4
* BaI2
* Ba(IO3)2
* Ba(Mn2O8)
* Ba(N3)2
* Ba(NO3)2
* BaO
* BaO2
* Ba(OH)2
* BaS
* BaSO3
* BaSO4
* BaTiO3
* Ba2TiO4

* v
* t
* e

Oxides

Mixed oxidation states|

* Antimony tetroxide (Sb2O4)
* Cobalt(II,III) oxide (Co3O4)
* Europium(II,III) oxide (Eu3O4)
* Iron(II,III) oxide (Fe<sub>3O4)
* Lead(II,IV) oxide (Pb3O4)
* Manganese(II,III) oxide (Mn3O4)
* Silver(I,III) oxide (Ag2O2)
* Triuranium octoxide (U3O8)
* Carbon suboxide (C3O2)
* Mellitic anhydride (C12O9)
* [[Chemistry:Praseodymium(III,IV) Praseodymium(III,IV) oxide]] (Pr6O11)
* Terbium(III,IV) oxide (Tb4O7)

+1 oxidation state|

* Copper(I) oxide (Cu<sub>2O)
* Caesium oxide (Cs2O)
* Dicarbon monoxide (C2O)
* Dichlorine monoxide (Cl2O)
* Gallium(I) oxide (Ga2O)
* Lithium oxide (Li2O)
* Potassium oxide (K2O)
* Rubidium oxide (Rb2O)
* Silver oxide (Ag2O)
* Thallium(I) oxide (Tl2O)
* Sodium oxide (Na2O)
* Water (hydrogen oxide) (H2O)

+2 oxidation state|

* Aluminium(II) oxide (AlO)
* Barium oxide (BaO)
* Beryllium oxide (BeO)
* Cadmium oxide (CdO)
* Calcium oxide (CaO)
* Carbon monoxide (CO)
* Chromium(II) oxide (CrO)
* Cobalt(II) oxide (CoO)
* Copper(II) oxide (CuO)
* Europium(II) oxide (EuO)
* Germanium monoxide (GeO))
* Iron(II) oxide (FeO)
* Lead(II) oxide (PbO)
* Magnesium oxide (MgO)
* Manganese(II) oxide (MnO)
* Mercury(II) oxide (HgO)
* Nickel(II) oxide (NiO)
* Nitric oxide (NO)
* Palladium(II) oxide (PdO)
* Silicon monoxide (SiO)
* Strontium oxide (SrO)
* Sulfur monoxide (SO)
* Disulfur dioxide (S2O2)
* Thorium monoxide (ThO)
* Tin(II) oxide (SnO)
* Titanium(II) oxide (TiO)
* Vanadium(II) oxide (VO)
* Zinc oxide (ZnO)

+3 oxidation state|

* Aluminium oxide (Al<sub>2O3)
* Antimony trioxide (Sb2O3)
* Arsenic trioxide (As2O3)
* Bismuth(III) oxide (Bi2O3)
* Boron trioxide (B2O3)
* Cerium(III) oxide (Ce2O3)
* Dibromine trioxide (Br2O3)
* Chromium(III) oxide (Cr2O3)
* Dinitrogen trioxide (N2O3)
* Dysprosium(III) oxide (Dy2O3)
* Erbium(III) oxide (Er2O3)
* Europium(III) oxide (Eu2O3)
* Gadolinium(III) oxide (Gd2O3)
* Gallium(III) oxide (Ga2O3)
* Holmium(III) oxide (Ho2O3)
* Indium(III) oxide (In<sub>2O3)
* Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)
* Lanthanum oxide (La2O3)
* Lutetium(III) oxide (Lu2O3)
* Manganese(III) oxide (Mn2O3)
* Neodymium(III) oxide (Nd2O3)
* Nickel(III) oxide (Ni2O3)
* Phosphorus trioxide (P4O6)
* Praseodymium(III) oxide (Pr2O3)
* Promethium(III) oxide (Pm2O3)
* Rhodium(III) oxide (Rh2O3)
* [[Chemistry:Samarium(III) Samarium(III) oxide]] (Sm2O3)
* Scandium oxide (Sc2O3)
* Terbium(III) oxide (Tb2O3)
* Thallium(III) oxide (Tl2O3)
* Thulium(III) oxide (Tm2O3)
* Titanium(III) oxide (Ti2O3)
* Tungsten(III) oxide (W2O3)
* Vanadium(III) oxide (V2O3)
* Ytterbium(III) oxide (Yb2O3)
* Yttrium(III) oxide (Y2O3)

+4 oxidation state|

* Americium dioxide (AmO2)
* Carbon dioxide (CO2)
* Carbon trioxide (CO3)
* Cerium(IV) oxide (CeO2)
* Chlorine dioxide (ClO2)
* Chromium(IV) oxide (CrO<sub>2)
* Dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4)
* Germanium dioxide (GeO<sub>2)
* [[Chemistry:Hafnium(IV) Hafnium(IV) oxide]] (HfO2)
* Lead dioxide (PbO2)
* Manganese dioxide (MnO2)
* Neptunium(IV) oxide (NpO2)
* Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
* Osmium dioxide (OsO2)
* Plutonium(IV) oxide (PuO2)
* Praseodymium(IV) oxide (PrO2)
* Protactinium(IV) oxide (PaO2)
* Rhodium(IV) oxide (RhO2)
* Ruthenium(IV) oxide (RuO<sub>2)
* Selenium dioxide (SeO2)
* Silicon dioxide (SiO2)
* Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
* Tellurium dioxide (TeO<sub>2)
* [[Chemistry:Terbium(IV) Terbium(IV) oxide]] (TbO2)
* Thorium dioxide (ThO2)
* Tin dioxide (SnO2)
* Titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2)
* Tungsten(IV) oxide (WO2)
* Uranium dioxide (UO2)
* Vanadium(IV) oxide (VO2)
* Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2)

+5 oxidation state|

* Antimony pentoxide (Sb2O5)
* Arsenic pentoxide (As2O5)
* Dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5)
* Niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5)
* Phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5)
* Protactinium(V) oxide (Pa2O5)
* Tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5)
* Vanadium(V) oxide (V2O5)

+6 oxidation state|

* Chromium trioxide (CrO3)
* Molybdenum trioxide (MoO3)
* Rhenium trioxide (ReO3)
* Selenium trioxide (SeO3)
* Sulfur trioxide (SO3)
* Tellurium trioxide (TeO3)
* Tungsten trioxide (WO3)
* Uranium trioxide (UO3)
* Xenon trioxide (XeO3)
* Iridium trioxide (IrO3)

+7 oxidation state|

* Dichlorine heptoxide (Cl2O7)
* Manganese heptoxide (Mn2O7)
* [[Chemistry:Rhenium(VII) Rhenium(VII) oxide]] (Re2O7)
* Technetium(VII) oxide (Tc2O7)

+8 oxidation state|

* Osmium tetroxide (OsO4)
* Ruthenium tetroxide (RuO4)
* Xenon tetroxide (XeO4)
* Iridium tetroxide (IrO4)
* Hassium tetroxide (HsO4)

Related|

* Oxocarbon
* Suboxide
* Oxyanion
* Ozonide
* Peroxide
* Superoxide

Oxides are sorted by oxidation state. Category:Oxides

* v
* t
* e

Oxygen compounds

* AgO
* Al2O3
* AmO2
* Am2O3
* As2O3
* As2O5
* Au2O3
* B2O3
* BaO
* BeO
* Bi2O3
* BiO2
* Bi2O5
* BrO2
* Br2O3
* Br2O5
* CO
* CO2
* C2O3
* CaO
* CaO2
* CdO
* CeO2
* Ce3O4
* Ce2O3
* ClO2
* Cl2O
* Cl2O3
* Cl2O4
* Cl2O6
* Cl2O7
* CoO
* Co2O3
* Co3O4
* CrO3
* Cr2O3
* Cr2O5
* Cr5O12
* CsO2
* Cs2O3
* CuO
* D2O
* Dy2O3
* Er2O3
* Eu2O3
* FeO
* Fe2O3
* Fe3O4
* Ga2O
* Ga2O3
* GeO
* GeO2
* H2O
* H218O
* H2O2
* HfO2
* HgO
* Hg2O
* Ho2O3
* I2O4
* I2O5
* I2O6
* I4O9
* In2O3
* IrO2
* KO2
* K2O2
* La2O3
* Li2O
* Li2O2
* Lu2O3
* MgO
* Mg2O3
* MnO
* MnO2
* Mn2O3
* Mn2O7
* MoO2
* MoO3
* Mo2O3
* NO
* NO2
* N2O
* N2O3
* N2O4
* N2O5
* NaO2
* Na2O
* Na2O2
* NbO
* NbO2
* Nd2O3
* OF2
* O2F2
* O3F2
* O4F2
* O2PtF6

Chemical formulas

0.00

(0 votes)

Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barium oxide. Read more

|

Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Chemistry:Barium_oxide&oldid=4035796"
*[CID]: Compound ID
*[H301]: Toxic if swallowed
*[H302]: Harmful if swallowed
*[H314]: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage
*[H315]: Causes skin irritation
*[H332]: Harmful if inhaled
*[H412]: Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects
*[P210]: Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces – No smoking
*[P220]: Keep/Store away from clothing/…/combustible materials
*[P221]: Take any precaution to avoid mixing with combustibles
*[P260]: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray
*[P261]: Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray
*[P264]: Wash … thoroughly after handling
*[P270]: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product
*[P271]: Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area
*[P273]: Avoid release to the environment
*[P280]: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection
*[P283]: Wear fire/flame resistant/retardant clothing
*[P301+310]: IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician
*[P301+312]: IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell
*[P301+330+331]: IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting
*[P302+352]: IF ON SKIN: Wash with soap and water
*[P303+361+353]: IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower
*[P304+312]: IF INHALED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell
*[P304+340]: IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing
*[P305+351+338]: IF IN EYES: Rinse continuously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do – continue rinsing
*[P306+360]: IF ON CLOTHING: Rinse immediately contaminated clothing and skin with plenty of water before removing clothes
*[P310]: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician
*[P312]: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell
*[P321]: Specific treatment (see … on this label)
*[P330]: Rinse mouth
*[P332+313]: If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template