Cell envelope antibiotic

Short description: Antibiotic

A cell envelope antibiotic is an antibacterial that acts primarily at the level of the cell envelope.[citation needed]

Examples include cycloserine, penicillin, and polymyxin B.[1]

## References

1. ↑ "Antibiotics that affect the cell envelope". http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/fox/antibiotics1.htm.

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Antibiotics active on the cell wall and envelope (J01C-J01D)

Intracellular|

* Inhibit peptidoglycan subunit synthesis and transport: NAM synthesis inhibition (Fosfomycin)
* DADAL/AR inhibitors (Cycloserine)
* bactoprenol inhibitors (Bacitracin)

Glycopeptide|

* Inhibit PG chain elongation: Vancomycin# (Oritavancin
* Telavancin)
* Teicoplanin (Dalbavancin)
* Ramoplanin§

β-lactams/
(inhibit PBP
cross-links)|

| Penicillins
(Penams)|

| Narrow
spectrum|

| β-lactamase sensitive
(1st generation)|

* Benzylpenicillin (G)#
* Benzathine benzylpenicillin#
* Procaine benzylpenicillin#
* Phenoxymethylpenicillin (V)#
* Propicillin‡
* Pheneticillin‡
* Azidocillin‡
* Clometocillin‡
* Penamecillin‡

|

β-lactamase resistant
(2nd generation)|

* Cloxacillin# (Dicloxacillin
* Flucloxacillin)
* Oxacillin
* Nafcillin
* Methicillin‡

Extended
spectrum|

| Aminopenicillins (3rd generation)|

* Amoxicillin#
* Ampicillin# (Pivampicillin
* Hetacillin‡
* Bacampicillin‡
* Metampicillin‡
* Talampicillin‡)
* Epicillin‡

|

Carboxypenicillins (4th generation)|

* Ticarcillin
* Carbenicillin‡ / Carindacillin‡
* Temocillin‡

Ureidopenicillins (4th generation)|

* Piperacillin
* Azlocillin‡
* Mezlocillin‡

Other|

* Mecillinam‡ (Pivmecillinam‡)
* Sulbenicillin‡

Penems|

* Faropenem‡
* Ritipenem§

Carbapenems|

* Ertapenem
* Antipseudomonal (Doripenem
* Imipenem
* Meropenem)
* Biapenem‡
* Panipenem‡

Cephalosporins
/ Cephamycins
(Cephems)|

| 1st generation|

* Cefazolin#
* Cefalexin #
* Cefadroxil
* Cefapirin
* Cefazedone‡
* Cefazaflur‡
* Cefradine‡
* Cefroxadine‡
* Ceftezole‡
* Cefaloglycin‡
* Cefacetrile‡
* Cefalonium‡
* Cefaloridine‡
* Cefalotin‡
* Cefatrizine‡

|

2nd generation|

* Cefaclor
* Cefotetan
* Cephamycin (Cefoxitin
* Cefprozil
* Cefuroxime
* Cefuroxime axetil
* Cefamandole‡
* Cefminox‡
* Cefonicid‡
* Ceforanide‡
* Cefbuperazone‡
* Cefuzonam‡
* Cefmetazole‡)
* Carbacephem‡ (Loracarbef‡)

3rd generation|

* Cefixime#
* Ceftriaxone#
* Cefotaxime#
* Antipseudomonal (Ceftazidime#
* Cefoperazone‡)
* Cefdinir
* Cefcapene
* Cefdaloxime
* Ceftizoxime
* Cefmenoxime
* Cefpiramide
* Cefpodoxime
* Ceftibuten
* Cefditoren
* Cefotiam‡
* Cefetamet‡
* Cefodizime‡
* Cefpimizole‡
* Cefsulodin‡
* Cefteram‡
* Ceftiolene‡
* Oxacephem (Flomoxef‡
* Latamoxef‡)

4th generation|

* Cefepime
* Cefozopran‡
* Cefpirome‡
* Cefquinome‡

5th generation|

* Ceftaroline fosamil
* Ceftolozane
* Ceftobiprole

Veterinary|

* Ceftiofur
* Cefquinome
* Cefovecin

Monobactams|

* Aztreonam#
* Tigemonam‡
* Carumonam‡
* Nocardicin A‡

β-lactamase inhibitors|

* Penam (Sulbactam
* Tazobactam)
* Clavam (Clavulanic acid]])
* Sulbactam
* non-β-lactam (Relebactam
* Avibactam
* Vaborbactam)

Combinations|

* Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid#
* Imipenem/cilastatin#
* Imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam
* Ampicillin/flucloxacillin
* Ampicillin/sulbactam (Sultamicillin)
* Ceftazidime/avibactam
* Piperacillin/tazobactam
* Ceftolozane/tazobactam
* Cefoperazone/sulbactam
* Meropenem/vaborbactam

Other|

* polymyxins/detergent
* Colistin
* Polymyxin B
* depolarizing
* Daptomycin
* Hydrolyze NAM-NAG
* lysozyme
* Tyrothricin
* Gramicidin
* Tyrocidine
* Isoniazid#
* Teixobactin

* #WHO-EM
* ‡Withdrawn from market
* Clinical trials:
* †Phase III
* §Never to phase III

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