Chemical classification

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Chemical classification systems attempt to classify elements or compounds according to certain chemical functional or structural properties. Whereas the structural properties are largely intrinsic, functional properties and the derived classifications depend to a certain degree on the type of chemical interaction[disambiguation needed] partners on which the function is exerted. Sometimes other criteria like purely physical ones (e.g. molecular weight) or - on the other hand - functional properties above the chemical level are also used for building chemical taxonomies. Some systems mix the various levels, resulting in hierarchies where the domains are slightly confused, for example having structural and functional aspects end up on the same level. Whereas chemical function is closely dependent on chemical structure, the situation becomes more involved when e.g. pharmacological function is integrated, because the QSAR can usually not be directly computed from structural qualities.

## Contents

* 1 Physico-chemical classification
* 2 Functional classification
* 2.1 Chemical function
* 2.2 Pharmacological/biological function
* 3 Mixed systems
* 4 See also
* 5 External links

## Physico-chemical classification

* by molecular weight
* by electrical charge: uncharged, positively, negatively, partially charged
* formal charge, oxidation state
* solubility
* pH value

## Functional classification

### Chemical function

* by functional group

### Pharmacological/biological function

Mostly appropriate only for large biological molecules (as at least one interacting partner), in particular enzymes, depends on chemical functions of their constituent amino acids.

* ligand vs. receptor, coenzyme
* EC number
* TC number
* pharmacophore vs. non-drug

## Mixed systems

* Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System
* Gene Ontology

## See also

* Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals
* Chemical Entities of Biological Interest

## External links

* v
* t
* e

Functional groups

| Only carbon,
hydrogen,
and oxygen|

| Hydrocarbons|

* Allene
* Alkene (Allyl group

|

Other|

* Acetoxy
* Acetyl
* Acryloyl
* Acyl
* Aldehyde
* Alkoxy (Methoxy)
* Benzoyl
* Carbonyl
* Carboxyl
* Carboxylic anhydride
* Dioxirane
* Epoxide
* Ester
* Ether
* Ethylenedioxy
* Hydroxy
* Ketone
* Methylenedioxy
* Peroxide (Organic)
* Ynone

Only one
element
apart from
C, H, O|

| Nitrogen|

* Amine
* Azo compound
* Cyanate
* Hydrazone
* Imide
* Imine
* Isocyanate
* Isonitrile
* Nitrene
* Nitrile
* Nitro compound
* Nitroso compound
* Organic amide
* Oxime

|

Phosphorus|

* Phosphonate
* Phosphonous

Sulfur|

* Disulfide
* Sulfone
* Sulfonic acid
* Sulfoxide
* Thial
* Thioester
* Thioether
* Thioketone
* Thiol

Selenium|

* Selenol
* Selenonic acid
* Seleninic acid
* Selenenic acid
* Selone

Tellurium|

* Tellurol
* Telluroketone

Other|

* Isothiocyanate
* Phosphoramide
* Sulfenyl chloride
* Sulfonamide
* Thiocyanate

See also chemical classification, chemical nomenclature ([[Chemistry:IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic, IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry|organic]])

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