Ethyl formate

Ethyl formate  |

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Names
Preferred IUPAC name

Ethyl formate

Systematic IUPAC name

Ethyl methanoate

Identifiers

CAS Number

* 109-94-4 Y

3D model (JSmol)

* Interactive image

Beilstein Reference

| 906769
ChEBI |

* CHEBI:52342 Y

ChEMBL |

* ChEMBL44215 Y

ChemSpider |

* 7734 Y

EC Number |

* 203-721-0

PubChem CID

* 8025

RTECS number |

* LQ8400000

UNII |

* 0K3E2L5553 Y

UN number | 1190

InChI

* InChI=1S/C3H6O2/c1-2-5-3-4/h3H,2H2,1H3 Y

Key: WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y

* InChI=1/C3H6O2/c1-2-5-3-4/h3H,2H2,1H3

Key: WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYAO

SMILES

* O=COCC

Properties

Chemical formula

| C3H6O2
Molar mass | 74.079 g·mol−1
Appearance  | Colorless liquid[1]
Odor | fruity[1]
Density | 0.917 g/cm3
Melting point |  −80 °C; −112 °F; 193 K
Boiling point |  54.0 °C (129.2 °F; 327.1 K)

Solubility in water

| 9% (17.78°C)[1]
Vapor pressure | 200 mmHg (20°C)[1]

Magnetic susceptibility (χ)

| -43.00·10−6 cm3/mol
Hazards
Flash point |  −20 °C; −4 °F; 253 K[1]
Explosive limits | 2.8% - 16.0%[1]
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):

LD50 (median dose)

| 1850 mg/kg (rat, oral)
1110 mg/kg (guinea pig, oral)
2075 mg/kg (rabbit, oral)[2]

LCLo (lowest published)

| 10,000 ppm (cat, 1.5 hr)
8000 ppm (rat, 4 hr)[2]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):

PEL (Permissible)

| TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3)[1]

REL (Recommended)

| TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3)[1]

IDLH (Immediate danger)

| 1500 ppm[1]

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Y verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Tracking categories (test):

* SizeSet

Ethyl formate is an ester formed when ethanol (an alcohol) reacts with formic acid (a carboxylic acid). Ethyl formate has the characteristic smell of rum and is also partially responsible for the flavor of raspberries.[3] It occurs naturally in the body of ants and in the stingers of bees.[4]

## Exposure

Ethyl formate is generally recognized as safe by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.[5]

According to the U.S Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), ethyl formate can irritate eyes, skin, mucous membranes, and the respiratory system of humans and other animals; it is also a central nervous system depressant.[6] In industry, it is used as a solvent for cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, oils, and greases. It can be used as a substitute for acetone; workers may also be exposed to it under the following circumstances:[6]

* during spray, brush, or dip applications of lacquers
* during the manufacture of safety glass
* when fumigating tobacco, cereals, and dried fruits (as an alternative to methyl bromide under the U.S. Department of Agriculture quarantine system[5])

OSHA considers a time-weighted average of 100 parts per million (300 milligrams per cubic meter) over an eight-hour period as the permissible exposure limit. The U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) also considers a time-weighted average of 100 ppm over an eight-hour period as the recommended exposure limit.[7]

## In space

Ethyl formate has been identified in dust clouds in an area of the Milky Way galaxy called Sagittarius B2. It is among 50 molecular species identified using the 30 metre IRAM radiotelescope.[3]

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0278". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0278.html.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Ethyl formate". Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/109944.html.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Sample, Ian (21 April 2009). "Galaxy's centre tastes of raspberries and smells of rum, say astronomers". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2009/apr/21/space-raspberries-amino-acids-astrobiology.
4. ↑ "Ethyl Formate". http://www.chemicalland21.com/industrialchem/organic/ETHYL FORMATE.htm.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Alternative fumigants: Ethyl Formate". University of California. http://groups.ucanr.org/mba/Alternative_fumigants__Ethyl_Formate/.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Occupational Safety and Health Guideline for Ethyl Formate". OSHA. http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/healthguidelines/ethylformate/recognition.html.
7. ↑ CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards .

* v
* t
* e

Esters

Methyl Esters|

* Methyl formate
* Methyl acetate
* Methyl propionate
* Methyl butyrate
* Methyl pentanoate

Ethyl Esters|

* Ethyl formate
* Ethyl acetate
* Ethyl propionate
* Ethyl butyrate
* Ethyl pentanoate
* Ethyl hexanoate
* Ethyl heptanoate
* Ethyl octanoate
* Ethyl decanoate

Propyl Esters|

* Propyl acetate
* Propyl propanoate
* Isopropyl acetate
* Isopropyl palmitate

Butyl Esters|

* Butyl acetate
* Butyl butyrate

Amyl Esters|

* Amyl acetate
* Isoamyl acetate
* Sec-Amyl acetate
* Pentyl propanoate
* Pentyl butyrate
* Pentyl pentanoate
* Pentyl hexanoate

* v
* t
* e

Molecules detected in outer space

Molecules|

| Diatomic|

* Aluminium monochloride
* Aluminium monofluoride
* Aluminium monoxide
* Argonium
* Carbon monophosphide
* Carbon monosulfide
* Carbon monoxide
* Carborundum
* Cyanogen radical
* Diatomic carbon
* Fluoromethylidynium
* Helium hydride ion
* Hydrogen chloride
* Hydrogen fluoride
* Hydrogen (molecular)
* Hydroxyl radical
* Iron(II) oxide
* Magnesium monohydride cation
* Methylidyne radical
* Nitric oxide
* Nitrogen (molecular)
* Nitrogen monohydride
* Nitrogen sulfide
* Oxygen (molecular)
* Phosphorus monoxide
* Phosphorus mononitride
* Potassium chloride
* Silicon carbide
* Silicon mononitride
* Silicon monoxide
* Silicon monosulfide
* Sodium chloride
* Sodium iodide
* Sulfur monohydride
* Sulfur monoxide
* Titanium oxide

|
|

Triatomic|

* Aluminium hydroxide
* Aluminium isocyanide
* Amino radical
* Carbon dioxide
* Carbonyl sulfide
* CCP radical
* Chloronium
* Diazenylium
* Dicarbon monoxide
* Disilicon carbide
* Ethynyl radical
* Formyl radical
* Hydrogen cyanide (HCN)
* Hydrogen isocyanide (HNC)
* Hydrogen sulfide
* Hydroperoxyl
* Iron cyanide
* Isoformyl
* Magnesium cyanide
* Magnesium isocyanide
* Methylene radical
* N2H+
* Nitrous oxide
* Nitroxyl
* Ozone
* Phosphaethyne
* Potassium cyanide
* Protonated molecular hydrogen
* Sodium cyanide
* Sodium hydroxide
* Silicon carbonitride
* c-Silicon dicarbide
* SiNC
* Sulfur dioxide
* Thioformyl
* Thioxoethenylidene
* Titanium dioxide
* Tricarbon
* Water

Four
atoms|

* Acetylene
* Ammonia
* Cyanic acid
* Cyanoethynyl
* Cyclopropynylidyne
* Formaldehyde
* Fulminic acid
* HCCN
* Hydrogen peroxide
* Hydromagnesium isocyanide
* Isocyanic acid
* Isothiocyanic acid
* Ketenyl
* Methylene amidogen
* Methyl radical
* Propynylidyne
* Protonated carbon dioxide
* Protonated hydrogen cyanide
* Silicon tricarbide
* Thioformaldehyde
* Tricarbon monoxide
* Tricarbon sulfide
* Thiocyanic acid

Five
atoms|

* Ammonium ion
* Butadiynyl
* Carbodiimide
* Cyanamide
* Cyanoacetylene
* Cyanoformaldehyde
* Cyanomethyl
* Cyclopropenylidene
* Formic acid
* Isocyanoacetylene
* Ketene
* Methane
* Methoxy radical
* Methylenimine
* Propadienylidene
* Protonated formaldehyde
* Protonated formaldehyde
* Silane
* Silicon-carbide cluster

Six
atoms|

* Acetonitrile
* Cyanobutadiynyl radical
* E-Cyanomethanimine
* Cyclopropenone
* Diacetylene
* Ethylene
* Formamide
* HC4N
* Ketenimine
* Methanethiol
* Methanol
* Methyl isocyanide
* Pentynylidyne
* Propynal
* Protonated cyanoacetylene

Seven
atoms|

* Acetaldehyde
* Acrylonitrile
* Vinyl cyanide
* Cyanodiacetylene
* Ethylene oxide
* Glycolonitrile
* Hexatriynyl radical
* Methylacetylene
* Methylamine
* Methyl isocyanate
* Vinyl alcohol

Eight
atoms|

* Acetic acid
* Aminoacetonitrile
* Cyanoallene
* Ethanimine
* Glycolaldehyde
* Heptatrienyl radical
* Hexapentaenylidene
* Methylcyanoacetylene
* Methyl formate
* Propenal

Nine
atoms|

* Acetamide
* Cyanohexatriyne
* Cyanotriacetylene
* Dimethyl ether
* Ethanol
* Methyldiacetylene
* Octatetraynyl radical
* Propene
* Propionitrile

Ten
atoms
or more|

* Acetone
* Benzene
* Benzonitrile
* Buckminsterfullerene (C60, C60+, fullerene, buckyball)
* C70 fullerene
* Cyanodecapentayne
* Cyanopentaacetylene
* Cyanotetra-acetylene
* Ethylene glycol
* Ethyl formate
* Methyl acetate
* Methyl-cyano-diacetylene
* Methyltriacetylene
* Propanal
* n-Propyl cyanide
* Pyrimidine

Deuterated
molecules|

* Ammonia
* Ammonium ion
* Formaldehyde
* Formyl radical
* Heavy water
* Hydrogen cyanide
* Hydrogen deuteride
* Hydrogen isocyanide
* Methylacetylene
* N2D+
* Trihydrogen cation

Unconfirmed|

* Anthracene
* Dihydroxyacetone
* Ethyl methyl ether
* Glycine
* Graphene
* H2NCO+
* Linear C5
* Naphthalene cation
* Phosphine
* Pyrene
* Silylidine

Related|

* Abiogenesis
* Astrobiology
* Astrochemistry
* Atomic and molecular astrophysics
* Chemical formula
* Circumstellar envelope
* Cosmic dust
* Cosmic ray
* Cosmochemistry
* Diffuse interstellar band
* Earliest known life forms
* Extraterrestrial life
* Extraterrestrial liquid water
* Forbidden mechanism
* Homochirality
* Intergalactic dust
* Interplanetary medium
* Interstellar medium
* Photodissociation region
* Iron–sulfur world theory
* Kerogen
* Molecules in stars
* Nexus for Exoplanet System Science
* Organic compound
* Outer space
* PAH world hypothesis
* Panspermia
* Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)
* RNA world hypothesis
* Spectroscopy
* Tholin

* Category:Astrochemistry
*   *   *

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