Galactan

Galactan (galactosan) is a polysaccharide consisting of polymerized galactose.[1] In general, galactans in natural sources contain a core of galactose units connected by α(1→3) or α(1→6), with structures containing other monosaccharides as side-chains.[2]

Galactan derived from Anogeissus latifolia is primarily α(1→6), but galactan from acacia trees is primarily α(1→3).[3]

Halymenia durvillei is a red seaweed (algae) that produces a sulfated galactan.[4] Several other algae species also contain galactans.[5] Including Carpopeltis F.Schmitz, 1895.[6]

Galactan is found in the side chains of rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) and is needed for gel formation in the cell walls of organisms.[7] It was observed there was less of the gelling characteristic (as well as the polymeric chains being more likely to degrade) when fewer galactans were present in the polymeric side chains. [7][8]

## See also

* Agar
* Galactooligosaccharide

## References

1. ↑ Galactans at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
2. ↑ Zanetti, Maurizio; Capra, Donald J. (2003-09-02) (in en). The Antibodies. CRC Press. pp. 78. ISBN 9780203216514. https://books.google.com/books?id=GDuy5zL6eRAC&pg=PA78.
3. ↑ Zanetti, Maurizio (1995). The antibodies. Luxembourg: Harwood Academic Publishers. pp. 78. ISBN 0-415-28466-X.
4. ↑ Fenoradosoa, T. A.; Delattre, C.; Laroche, C.; Wadouachi, A.; Dulong, V.; Picton, L.; Andriamadio, P.; Michaud, P. (1 August 2009). "Highly sulphated galactan from Halymenia durvillei (Halymeniales, Rhodophyta), a red seaweed of Madagascar marine coasts". Int J Biol Macromol 45 (2): 140–5. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2009.04.015. PMID 19409410.
5. ↑ Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 65 (2011), p. 168, at Google Books
6. ↑ I.J. Miller and J. Mollion, Evaluation of the structures of galactans from Carpopeltis sp. a member of the Halymeniales in the western Indian Ocean, Bot. Mar., 49 (2006) 79-85
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Mikshina, Polina V.; Makshakova, Olga N.; Petrova, Anna A.; Gaifullina, Ilzira Z.; Idiyatullin, Bulat Z.; Gorshkova, Tatyana A.; Zuev, Yuriy F. (September 2017). "Gelation of rhamnogalacturonan I is based on galactan side chain interaction and does not involve chemical modifications" (in en). Carbohydrate Polymers 171: 143–151. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.05.013. PMID 28578948.
8. ↑ Robal, Marju; Truus, Kalle; Volobujeva, Olga; Mellikov, Enn; Tuvikene, Rando (November 2017). "Thermal stability of red algal galactans: Effect of molecular structure and counterions". International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 104 (Pt A): 213–223. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.175. ISSN 0141-8130. PMID 28587967.

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Types of carbohydrates

General|

* Aldose
* Ketose
* Furanose
* Pyranose

Geometry|

* Anomer
* Cyclohexane conformation
* Mutarotation

Monosaccharides|

| Dioses|

* Aldodiose
* Glycolaldehyde

|

Trioses|

* Aldotriose
* Glyceraldehyde
* Ketotriose
* Dihydroxyacetone

Tetroses|

* Aldotetroses
* Erythrose
* Threose
* Ketotetrose
* Erythrulose

Pentoses|

* Aldopentoses
* Arabinose
* Lyxose
* Ribose
* Xylose
* Ketopentoses
* Ribulose
* Xylulose
* Deoxy sugars
* Deoxyribose

Hexoses|

* Aldohexoses
* Allose
* Altrose
* Galactose
* Glucose
* Gulose
* Idose
* Mannose
* Talose
* Ketohexoses
* Fructose
* Psicose
* Sorbose
* Tagatose
* Deoxy sugars
* Fucose
* Fuculose
* Rhamnose

Heptoses|

* Ketoheptoses
* Mannoheptulose
* Sedoheptulose

Above 7|

* Octoses
* Nonoses
* Neuraminic acid

Multiple|

| Disaccharides|

* Cellobiose
* Isomaltose
* Isomaltulose
* Lactose
* Lactulose
* Maltose
* Sucrose
* Trehalose
* Turanose

|

Trisaccharides|

* Maltotriose
* Melezitose
* Raffinose

Tetrasaccharides|

* Stachyose

Other
oligosaccharides|

* Acarbose
* Fructooligosaccharide (FOS)
* Galactooligosaccharide (GOS)
* Isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO)
* Maltodextrin

Polysaccharides|

* Beta-glucan
* Oat beta-glucan
* Lentinan
* Sizofiran
* Zymosan
* Cellulose
* Chitin
* Chitosan
* Dextrin / Dextran
* Fructose / Fructan
* Inulin
* Galactose / Galactan
* Glucose / Glucan
* Glycogen
* Hemicellulose
* Levan beta 2→6
* Lignin
* Mannan
* Pectin
* Starch
* Amylopectin
* Amylose
* Xanthan gum

* Category

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