Insulin glulisine

Short description: Rapid-acting insulin analogue

Insulin glulisine

PDB: 6gv0​

Clinical data
Trade names| Apidra, Apidra SoloStar
AHFS/Drugs.com| Monograph
MedlinePlus| a607033
License data|

* EU EMA: by INN
* US DailyMed: Insulin_glulisine

Pregnancy
category|

* AU: B3[1]
* US: C (Risk not ruled out)[1]

Routes of
administration| Subcutaneous, intravenous
ATC code|

* A10AB06 (WHO)

Legal status
Legal status|

* AU: S4 (Prescription only)
* UK: POM (Prescription only)
* US: ℞-only [2]
* EU: Rx-only [3]

Identifiers
CAS Number|

* 207748-29-6 N

DrugBank|

* DB01309 Y

ChemSpider|

* none

UNII|

* 7XIY785AZD

KEGG|

* D04540 Y

Chemical and physical data
Formula| C258H384N64O78S6
Molar mass| 5822.64 g·mol−1
NY (what is this?) (verify)

Insulin glulisine is a rapid-acting modified form of medical insulin that differs from human insulin in that the amino acid asparagine at position B3 is replaced by lysine and the lysine in position B29 is replaced by glutamic acid.[4] It was developed by Sanofi-Aventis and approved for marketing by the FDA in 2004;[5] it is sold under the trade name Apidra.[6] When injected subcutaneously, it appears in the blood earlier than human insulin.[7] When used as a meal time insulin, the dose is to be administered within 15 minutes before or 20 minutes after starting a meal.[8] Intravenous injections may also be used for extreme hyperglycemia, but must be performed under the supervision of a medical professional.[2]

The most common side effects include hypoglycaemia (low blood glucose levels).[3]

## Medical uses

Insulin glulisine is indicated for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.[3][2]

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Insulin glulisine Use During Pregnancy". 6 April 2020. https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/insulin-glulisine.html.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Apidra- insulin glulisine injection, solution Apidra SoloStar- insulin glulisine injection, solution". 6 December 2019. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=e7af6a7a-8046-4fb4-9979-4ec4230b23aa.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Apidra EPAR". https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/apidra.
4. ↑ "Apidra (insulin glulisine) injection, solution". DailyMed. http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/archives/fdaDrugInfo.cfm?archiveid=7137.
5. ↑ "Apidra FDA Approval History". https://www.drugs.com/history/apidra.html.
6. ↑ (in de) Austria-Codex (2007/2008 ed.). Vienna: Österreichischer Apothekerverlag. 2007. ISBN 978-3-85200-181-4.
7. ↑ "Insulin glulisine: a review of its use in the management of diabetes mellitus". Drugs 69 (8): 1035–57. May 2009. doi:10.2165/00003495-200969080-00006. PMID 19496630.
8. ↑ "Insulin Glulisine". Drugs.com. https://www.drugs.com/monograph/insulin-glulisine.html.

## External links

* "Insulin glulisine". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://druginfo.nlm.nih.gov/drugportal/name/insulin glulisine.

* v
* t
* e

Oral anti-diabetic drugs, insulins and insulin analogs, and other drugs used in diabetes (A10)

Insulin|

| Sensitizers|

| Biguanides|

* Buformin‡
* Metformin#
* Phenformin‡

|

TZDs/"glitazones" (PPAR)|

* Ciglitazone§
* Darglitazone§
* Englitazone§
* Lobeglitazone
* Netoglitazone§
* Pioglitazone
* Rivoglitazone†
* Rosiglitazone
* Troglitazone‡

Dual PPAR agonists|

* Aleglitazar†
* Muraglitazar§
* Saroglitazar
* Tesaglitazar§

Secretagogues|

| K+ATP|

| Sulfonylureas|

* 1st generation: Acetohexamide
* Carbutamide
* Chlorpropamide
* Glycyclamide
* Metahexamide
* Tolazamide
* Tolbutamide

* 2nd generation: Glibenclamide (glyburide)
* Glibornuride
* Glicaramide
* Gliclazide#
* Glimepiride
* Glipizide
* Gliquidone
* Glisoxepide
* Glyclopyramide

|

Meglitinides/"glinides"|

* Mitiglinide
* Nateglinide
* Repaglinide

GLP-1 receptor agonists|

* Albiglutide‡
* Dulaglutide
* Exenatide
* Liraglutide
* Lixisenatide
* Semaglutide
* Taspoglutide†

DPP-4 inhibitors/"gliptins"|

* Alogliptin
* Anagliptin
* Evogliptin
* Garvagliptin
* Gemigliptin
* Gosogliptin
* Linagliptin
* Melogliptin
* Omarigliptin
* Saxagliptin
* Sitagliptin
* Teneligliptin
* Trelagliptin
* Vildagliptin

Free fatty acid receptor 1 (GPR40)|

* Fasiglifam†

Analogs/other insulins|

* fast-acting
* Insulin aspart
* Insulin glulisine
* Insulin lispro
* short-acting
* Regular insulin
* long-acting
* Insulin detemir
* Insulin glargine (+lixisenatide)
* NPH insulin
* ultra-long-acting
* Insulin degludec (+liraglutide)
* inhalable
* Exubera‡
* Afrezza

Other|

| Aldose reductase inhibitors|

* Epalrestat
* Fidarestat§
* Ranirestat†
* Tolrestat‡
* Zenarestat§

|

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors|

* Acarbose
* Miglitol
* Voglibose

Amylin analog|

* Pramlintide

Sodium glucose transporter (SGLT2) inhibitors/"gliflozins"|

* Canagliflozin
* Dapagliflozin
* Empagliflozin
* Ertugliflozin
* Ipragliflozin
* Remogliflozin§
* Sergliflozin§
* Tofogliflozin†

Other|

* Benfluorex‡
* Bromocriptine

* #WHO-EM
* ‡Withdrawn from market
* Clinical trials:
* †Phase III
* §Never to phase III

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