Linuron

Linuron is a phenylurea herbicide[1] that is used to control the growth of grass and weeds for the purpose of supporting the growth of crops like soybeans.[2][3] It is registered for use in India.[4]

## Contents

* 1 Pharmacology
* 1.1 Mechanism of action
* 2 Effects in animals
* 3 See also
* 4 References

## Pharmacology

### Mechanism of action

## Effects in animals

Linuron has been found to produce reproductive toxicity in animals by acting as an androgen receptor (AR) antagonist, and for this reason, is considered to be an endocrine disruptor.[2][5] Consequently, in January 2017, the Standing Committee on Plants, Animals, Food and Feed (SCoPAFF) of the European Commission DG "Health and food safety" decided to not renew its regulatory approval.[6] Sales are expected to cease by June 2017.[6]

## See also

* Diuron
* Monolinuron

## References

1. ↑ "Linuron and monolinuron". Residue Reviews. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 77. 1981. pp. 1–364. doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-5874-2_1. ISBN 978-1-4612-5876-6.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Understanding Toxicology. Jones & Bartlett Learning. 30 August 2016. pp. 705–. ISBN 978-1-284-12761-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=OQ0hDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA705.
3. ↑ Metabolic Pathways of Agrochemicals. Royal Society of Chemistry. 1998. pp. 744–. ISBN 978-0-85404-494-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=uC2-Ocob_MMC&pg=PA744.
4. ↑ The Pesticide Encyclopedia. CABI. 2015. ISBN 978-1-78064-014-3.
5. ↑ European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (July 2016). "Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance linuron". EFSA Journal 14 (7). doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4518.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Linuron fails to gain renewed approval". Briefing Media Ltd. https://www.fginsight.com/news/linuron-fails-to-gain-renewed-approval-17923.

* v
* t
* e

Pest control: herbicides

Anilides/anilines|

* acetochlor
* alachlor
* asulam
* benfluralin
* butachlor
* diethatyl
* diflufenican
* dimethenamid
* flamprop
* metazachlor
* metolachlor
* pendimethalin
* pretilachlor
* propachlor
* propanil
* trifluralin

Aromatic acids|

* aminopyralid
* chloramben
* clopyralid
* dicamba
* picloram
* pyrithiobac
* quinclorac
* quinmerac

Arsenicals|

* cacodylic acid
* copper arsenate
* DSMA
* MSMA

Organophosphorus|

* bensulide
* bialaphos
* ethephon
* fosamine
* glufosinate
* glyphosate
* piperophos

Phenoxy|

| Chlorophenoxy|

* 2,4-D
* 2,4-DB
* dichlorprop
* fenoprop
* MCPA
* MCPB
* 2,4,5-T

|

Pyridines|

* dithiopyr
* fluroxypyr
* imazapyr
* thiazopyr
* triclopyr

Quaternary|

* diquat
* MPP
* paraquat

Triazines|

* ametryn
* atrazine
* cyanazine
* hexazinone
* prometon
* prometryn
* propazine
* simazine
* simetryn
* terbuthylazine
* terbutryn

Ureas|

* chlortoluron
* DCMU
* linuron
* metsulfuron-methyl
* monolinuron
* tebuthiuron

HPPD inhbitors|

* mesotrione
* sulcotrione
* nitisinone
* leptospermone
* sethoxydim
* flurochloridone

Others|

* 3-AT
* aminocyclopyrachlor
* Bentazon
* bromoxynil
* clomazone
* DCBN
* dinoseb
* juglone
* methazole
* metam sodium
* metamitron
* metribuzin
* pyribenzoxim
* sulfentrazone
* Ziram

Template:Phenylurea herbicides

* v
* t
* e

Androgen receptor modulators

AR|

| Agonists|

* Testosterone derivatives: 4-Androstenediol
* 4-Dehydroepiandrosterone (4-DHEA)
* 4-Hydroxytestosterone
* 4,17α-Dimethyltestosterone
* 5-Androstenedione
* 11-Ketotestosterone
* 11β-Hydroxyandrostenedione
* Adrenosterone (11-ketoandrostenedione, 11-oxoandrostenedione)
* Androstenediol (5-androstenediol)
* Androstenediol 3β-acetate
* Androstenediol 17β-acetate
* Androstenediol diacetate
* Androstenediol dipropionate
* Androstenedione (4-androstenedione)
* Atamestane
* Boldenone
* Boldenone undecylenate
* Boldione (1,4-androstadienedione)
* Clostebol
* Clostebol acetate
* Clostebol caproate
* Clostebol propionate
* Cloxotestosterone
* Cloxotestosterone acetate
* Dehydroandrosterone
* DHEA (androstenolone, prasterone; 5-DHEA)
* DHEA enanthate (prasterone enanthate)
* DHEA sulfate
* Exemestane
* Formestane
* Plomestane
* Quinbolone
* Silandrone
* Testosterone# (+dutasteride)
* Testosterone esters
* Polytestosterone phloretin phosphate

* Dihydrotestosterone derivatives: 1-Androstenediol
* 1-Androstenedione
* 1-Androsterone (1-andro, 1-DHEA)
* 1-Testosterone
* 3α-Androstanediol
* 5α-Androst-2-en-17-one
* 7β-Hydroxyepiandrosterone
* 11-Ketodihydrotestosterone
* Androsterone
* Bolazine
* Bolazine capronate
* Dihydroethisterone
* Dihydroethyltestosterone
* Dihydrofluoxymesterone
* Dihydromethylandrostenediol
* Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) (androstanolone, stanolone)
* Dihydrotestosterone esters
* Drostanolone
* Drostanolone propionate
* Epiandrosterone
* Epitiostanol
* Mepitiostane
* Mesabolone
* Mesterolone
* Mesterolone cipionate
* Methyldiazinol
* Nisterime
* Nisterime acetate
* Prostanozol
* Stenbolone
* Stenbolone acetate
* Testifenon (testiphenon, testiphenone)

* 19-Nortestosterone derivatives: 7α-Methyl-19-norandrostenedione (MENT dione, trestione)
* 11β-Methyl-19-nortestosterone
* 11β-Methyl-19-nortestosterone dodecylcarbonate
* 19-Nor-5-androstenediol
* 19-Nor-5-androstenedione
* 19-Nordehydroepiandrosterone
* Bolandiol
* Bolandiol dipropionate
* Bolandione (19-nor-4-androstenedione)
* Bolmantalate (nandrolone adamantoate)
* Dienedione
* Dienolone
* Dimethandrolone
* Dimethandrolone buciclate
* Dimethandrolone dodecylcarbonate
* Dimethandrolone undecanoate
* LS-1727 (nandrolone 17β-N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosocarbamate)
* Methoxydienone (methoxygonadiene)
* Nandrolone
* Nandrolone esters
* Norclostebol
* Norclostebol acetate
* Normethandrone (methylestrenolone, normethisterone)
* Oxabolone
* Oxabolone cipionate (oxabolone cypionate)
* Trenbolone
* Trenbolone acetate
* Trenbolone enanthate
* Trenbolone hexahydrobenzylcarbonate
* Trenbolone undecanoate
* Trendione
* Trestolone (MENT)
* Trestolone acetate
* Trestolone enanthate

* Dihydrotestosterone and 19-nortestosterone derivatives: 5α-Dihydrolevonorgestrel
* 5α-Dihydronandrolone
* 5α-Dihydronorethandrolone
* 5α-Dihydronorethisterone
* 5α-Dihydronormethandrone
* 5α-Dihydrotrestolone
* 19-Norandrosterone

* 17α-Alkylated testosterone derivatives: Bolasterone
* Calusterone
* Chlorodehydromethylandrostenediol (CDMA)
* Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone (CDMT)
* Chloromethylandrostenediol (CMA)
* Enestebol
* Ethyltestosterone
* Fluoxymesterone
* Formebolone
* Hydroxystenozole
* Metandienone (methandrostenolone)
* Methandriol (methylandrostenediol)
* Methandriol bisenanthoyl acetate
* Methandriol diacetate
* Methandriol dipropionate
* Methandriol propionate
* Methylclostebol (chloromethyltestosterone)
* Methyltestosterone (+esterified estrogens)
* Methyltestosterone 3-hexyl ether
* Oxymesterone
* Penmesterol
* Tiomesterone

* 17α-Alkylated dihydrotestosterone derivatives: Androisoxazole
* Desoxymethyltestosterone
* Furazabol
* Mebolazine (dimethazine)
* Mestanolone
* Metenolone
* Metenolone acetate
* Metenolone enanthate
* Methasterone
* Methyl-1-testosterone
* Methylepitiostanol
* Methylstenbolone
* Oxandrolone
* Oxymetholone
* Stanozolol

* 17α-Alkylated 19-nortestosterone derivatives: Bolenol
* Dimethyldienolone
* Dimethyltrienolone
* Ethyldienolone
* Ethylestrenol
* Methyldienolone
* Methylhydroxynandrolone (MOHN, MHN)
* Metribolone
* Mibolerone
* Norboletone
* Norethandrolone
* Propetandrol
* RU-2309
* Tetrahydrogestrinone

* 17α-Vinyltestosterone derivatives: Norvinisterone (vinylnortestosterone)
* Vinyltestosterone

* 17α-Ethynyltestosterone derivatives: Δ4-Tibolone
* Danazol
* Desogestrel
* Ethisterone (ethynyltestosterone)
* Etonogestrel
* Etynodiol
* Etynodiol diacetate
* Gestodene
* Gestrinone
* Levonorgestrel
* Levonorgestrel esters (e.g., levonorgestrel butanoate)
* Lynestrenol
* Lynestrenol phenylpropionate
* Norethisterone
* Norethisterone esters (e.g., norethisterone acetate, norethisterone enanthate)
* Norgestrel
* Norgestrienone
* Quingestanol
* Quingestanol acetate
* Tibolone

* Progesterone derivatives: Medroxyprogesterone acetate
* Megestrol acetate

* Others/unsorted: 3-Keto-5α-abiraterone
* 5α-Androstane
* Alternariol
* Cl-4AS-1
* Drupanol
* ZM-182345

|

Mixed
(SARMs)|

* Nonsteroidal: 198RL26
* ACP-105
* AC-262536
* Acetothiolutamide
* Andarine (acetamidoxolutamide, androxolutamide, GTx-007, S-4)
* BMS-564929
* DTIB
* Enobosarm (ostarine, MK-2866, GTx-024, S-22)
* FTBU-1
* GSK-4336A
* GSK-8698
* LG-121071 (LGD-121071)
* LGD-2226
* LGD-2941 (LGD-122941)
* LGD-3303
* LGD-4033
* JNJ-26146900
* JNJ-28330835
* JNJ-37654032
* ORM-11984
* R-1
* RAD140
* RU-59063
* S-1
* S-23
* S-40503
* S-101479
* Triclosan

* Steroidal: EM-9017
* MK-0773
* TFM-4AS-1
* YK-11

Antagonists|

* Steroidal: 7α-Thioprogesterone
* 7α-Thiospironolactone
* 7α-Thiomethylspironolactone
* 11α-Hydroxyprogesterone
* 15β-Hydroxycyproterone acetate
* Abiraterone
* Abiraterone acetate
* Allyltestosterone
* Benorterone
* BOMT
* Canrenoic acid
* Canrenone
* Chlormadinone acetate
* Clascoterone
* Clometerone
* Cyproheptadine
* Cyproterone
* Cyproterone acetate
* Delanterone
* Delmadinone acetate
* Dicirenone
* Dienogest
* Drospirenone
* DU-41165
* Edogestrone
* EM-4350
* EM-5854
* EM-5855
* EM-6537
* Epitestosterone
* Galeterone
* Guggulsterone
* Medrogestone
* Megestrol acetate
* Mespirenone
* Metogest
* Mexrenone
* Mifepristone
* Nomegestrol acetate
* Nordinone
* Osaterone
* Osaterone acetate
* Oxendolone
* Potassium canrenoate
* Promegestone
* Prorenone
* Rosterolone
* RU-15328
* SC-5233 (spirolactone)
* Spironolactone
* Spirorenone
* Spiroxasone
* Topterone
* Trimegestone
* Trimethyltrienolone (R-2956)
* Zanoterone

* Nonsteroidal: 5N-Bicalutamide
* AA560
* Antarlides
* Arabilin
* Apalutamide
* Atraric acid
* AZD-3514
* Bakuchiol
* BAY-1024767
* Bicalutamide
* Bisphenols (e.g., BADGE, BFDGE, bisphenol A, bisphenol F, bisphenol S)
* BMS-501949
* BMS-570511
* BMS-641988
* CH5137291
* Cimetidine
* Cioteronel
* Cyanonilutamide
* Darolutamide
* DDT (via metabolite p,p’-DDE)
* Dieldrin
* DIMP
* Endosulfan
* Enzalutamide
* EPI-001
* Fenarimol
* Flutamide
* Hydroxyflutamide
* Inocoterone
* Inocoterone acetate
* Ketoconazole
* Ketodarolutamide
* Lavender oil
* LG-105
* LG-120907
* LGD-1331
* Linuron
* Methiocarb
* N-Butylbenzenesulfonamide
* N-Desmethylapalutamide
* N-Desmethylenzalutamide
* Nilutamide
* ONC1-13B
* Pentomone
* PF-998425
* Phenothrin
* Prochloraz
* Procymidone
* Proxalutamide
* Ralaniten (EPI-002)
* Ralaniten acetate (EPI-506)
* RD-162
* Ro 2-7239
* Ro 5-2537
* RU-22930
* RU-56187
* RU-57073
* RU-58642
* RU-58841
* Seviteronel
* Thalidomide
* Topilutamide (fluridil)
* Valproic acid
* Vinclozolin
* YM-580
* YM-92088
* YM-175735

GPRC6A|

| Agonists|

* Cations (incl. aluminum, calcium, Gadolinium

|

See also
Receptor/signaling modulators
Androgens and antiandrogens
Estrogen receptor modulators
Progesterone receptor modulators
List of androgens/anabolic steroids

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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linuron. Read more

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Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Chemistry:Linuron&oldid=4308517"
*[v]: View this template
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*[AR]: Androgen receptor
*[SARMs]: Selective androgen receptor modulator
*[GPRC6A]: G protein-coupled receptor family C group 6 member A