List of chemical warfare agents

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Chemical agents
Lethal agents

Blood

* Cyanogen chloride (CK)
* Hydrogen cyanide (AC)
* Arsine (SA)

Blister

* Ethyldichloroarsine (ED)
* Methyldichloroarsine (MD)
* Phenyldichloroarsine (PD)
* Lewisite (L)
* Mustard gas
(HD H HT HL HQ)

* Nitrogen mustard

* HN1
* HN2
* HN3

Nerve

|  G-agents

* Tabun (GA)
* Sarin (GB)
* Chlorosarin (GC)
* Soman (GD)
* Ethylsarin (GE)
* Cyclosarin (GF)
* GV

V-agents

* EA-3148
* VE
* VG
* VM
* VP
* VR
* VS
* VX

Novichok agents

Nettle

* Phosgene oxime (CX)

Pulmonary/choking

* Chlorine
* Chloropicrin (PS)
* Phosgene (CG)

* Diphosgene (DP)
* Disulfur decafluoride

Vomiting

* Adamsite
* Chloropicrin
* Diphenylchlorarsine
* Diphenylcyanoarsine
* Diphenylamincyanoarsine

Incapacitating agents

* Agent 15 (BZ)
* Dimethylheptylpyran (DMHP)

* EA-3167
* Kolokol-1

* PAVA spray
* Sleeping gas

Riot-control (RCAs)

* Xylyl bromide
* Pepper spray (OC)
* CS
* CN (mace)
* CR

* List of chemical warfare agents

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A chemical weapon agent (CWA), or chemical warfare agent, is a chemical substance whose toxic properties are meant to kill, injure or incapacitate human beings. About 70 different chemicals have been used or stockpiled as chemical weapon agents during the 20th century, although the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) has an online database listing 35,942 chemicals which may be used as weapons.[1] These agents may be in liquid, gas or solid form.

In general, chemical weapon agents are organized into several categories (according to the physiological manner in which they affect the human body). They may also be divided by tactical purpose or chemical structure. The names and number of categories may vary slightly from source to source, but, in general, the different types of chemical warfare agents are listed below.

## Contents

* 1 Harassing agents
* 1.1 Tear agents
* 1.2 Vomiting agents
* 1.3 Malodorants
* 2 Incapacitating agents
* 2.1 Psychological agents
* 2.2 Other incapacitating agents
* 3 Lethal agents
* 3.1 Blister agents
* 3.1.1 Vesicants
* 3.1.1.1 Nitrogen mustards
* 3.1.1.2 Sulfur mustards
* 3.1.1.3 Arsenicals
* 3.1.2 Urticants
* 3.2 Blood agents
* 3.3 Choking agents
* 3.4 Nerve agents
* 3.4.1 G series
* 3.4.2 GV series
* 3.4.3 V series
* 3.5 Other
* 4 See also
* 5 References

## Harassing agents

These are substances that are not intended to kill or injure. They are often referred to as Riot Control Agents (RCAs) and may be used by civilian police forces against criminals and rioters, or in the military for training purposes. These agents also have tactical utility to force combatants out of concealed or covered positions for conventional engagement, and preventing combatants from occupying contaminated terrain or operating weapons. In general, harassing agents are sensory irritants that have fleeting concentration dependent effects that resolve within minutes after removal. Casualty effects are not anticipated to exceed 24-hours nor require medical attention.

### Tear agents

These sensory irritants produce immediate pain to the eyes and irritate mucous membranes (aka lachrymatory agent or lachrymator).

* Benzyl chloride
* Benzyl bromide
* Bromoacetone (BA)
* Bromobenzyl cyanide (CA)[2]
* Bromomethyl ethyl ketone
* Capsaicin (OC)
* Chloracetophenone (MACE; CN)
* Chloromethyl chloroformate
* Dibenzoxazepine (CR)
* Ethyl iodoacetate
* Ortho-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (Super tear gas; CS)
* Trichloromethyl chloroformate
* Xylyl bromide[3]

### Vomiting agents

These sensory irritants are also termed sternators or nose irritants. They irritate the mucous membranes to produce congestion, coughing, sneezing, and eventually nausea.

* Adamsite (DM)
* Diphenylchloroarsine (DA)
* Diphenylcyanoarsine (DC)
* cyanide

### Malodorants

Main article: Chemistry:Malodorant

These are compounds with a very strong and unpleasant smell, which produce powerfully aversive effects without the toxic effects of tear agents or vomiting agents.

## Incapacitating agents

These are substances that produce debilitating effects with limited probability of permanent injury or loss of life. The casualty effects typically last over 24 hours, and though medical evacuation and isolation is recommended, it is not required for complete recovery. These, together with harassing agents, are sometimes called nonlethal agents. There may be as high as 5% fatalities with the use of these agents.

### Psychological agents

These are substances that produce casualty effects through mental disturbances such as delirium or hallucination.

* 3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate (BZ)
* Phencyclidine (SN)
* Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)

### Other incapacitating agents

These substances have also been investigated as incapacitants, though they operate more through interactions outside the central nervous system.

* KOLOKOL-1 (tranquilizer)

## Lethal agents

These substances are for producing chemical casualties without regard to long-term consequences or loss of life. They cause injuries that require medical treatment.

### Blister agents

Main article: Chemistry:Blister agent

A blister agent is a chemical compound that irritates and causes injury to the skin. These substances also attack the eyes, or any other tissue they contact.

#### Vesicants

The vesicants are substances that produce large fluid-filled blisters on the skin.

##### Nitrogen mustards

Main article: Chemistry:Nitrogen mustard

* Bis(2-chloroethyl)ethylamine (HN1)
* Bis(2-chloroethyl)methylamine (HN2)
* Tris(2-chloroethyl)amine (HN3)

##### Sulfur mustards

Main article: Chemistry:Mustard gas

* 1,2-Bis(2-chloroethylthio) ethane (Sesquimustard; Q)
* 1,3-Bis(2-chloroethylthio)-n-propane
* 1,4-Bis(2-chloroethylthio)-n-butane
* 1,5-Bis(2-chloroethylthio)-n-pentane
* 2-Chloroethylchloromethylsulfide
* Bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide (Mustard gas; HD)
* Bis(2-chloroethylthio) methane
* Bis(2-chloroethylthiomethyl) ether
* Bis(2-chloroethylthioethyl) ether (O-Mustard; T)

##### Arsenicals

* Ethyldichloroarsine (ED)
* Methyldichloroarsine (MD)
* Phenyldichloroarsine (PD)
* 2-Chlorovinyldichloroarsine (Lewisite; L)

#### Urticants

The urticants are substances that produce a painful wheal on the skin. These are sometimes termed skin necrotizers and are known as the most painful substances produced.[according to whom?]

* Phosgene oxime (CX)

### Blood agents

These substances are metabolic poisons that interfere with the life-sustaining processes of the blood.

* Cyanogen chloride (CK)
* Hydrogen cyanide (AC)
* Arsine (SA)

### Choking agents

Main article: Chemistry:Pulmonary agent

These substances are sometime referred to as pulmonary agent or lung irritants and cause injury to the lung-blood barrier resulting in Asphyxia.

* Chlorine (CL)
* Chloropicrin (PS)
* Diphosgene (DP)
* Phosgene (CG)
* Carbon monoxide

### Nerve agents

Main article: Biology:Nerve agent

Nerve agents are substances that disrupt the chemical communications through the nervous system. One mechanism of disruption, utilized by the G, GV, and V series of chemicals is caused by blocking the acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that normally destroys and stops the activity of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter. Poisoning by these nerve agents leads to an accumulation of acetylcholine at the nerve axon, producing a perpetual excited state in the nerve (e.g. constant muscle contraction). The eventual exhaustion of muscles leads to respiratory failure and death.

#### G series

These are high volatility nerve agents that are typically used for a nonpersistent to semipersistent effect.

* Tabun (GA)
* Sarin (GB)
* Soman (GD)
* Cyclosarin (GF)

#### GV series

These agents have a volatility between the V and G agents and are typically used for a semi-persistent to persistent effect.

* Novichok agents
* GV (nerve agent)

#### V series

These agents have low volatility and are typically used for a persistent effect or liquid contact hazard.

* VE
* VG
* VM
* VX

### Other

Natural toxins that are classified as chemical weapons by the Chemical Weapons Convention[4]

* Saxitoxin
* Ricin

## See also

* Chemical warfare
* Chemical weapon
* List of highly toxic gases
* Psychochemical warfare
* List of psychoactive drugs used by militaries

## References

1. ↑ OPCW's Handbook on Chemicals
2. ↑ Chemical Warfare Bulletin. Vol 12. p 312.
3. ↑ Chris Trueman. "Poison Gas and World war One". History Learning Site. https://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/poison_gas_and_world_war_one.htm.
4. ↑ https://www.opcw.org/chemical-weapons-convention/annexes/annex-chemicals/schedule-1 Schedule 1 of the OPCW

* v
* t
* e

* Agents used in chemical warfare
* incapacitation
* riot control

Blood|

* Cyanogen
* Cyanogen bromide
* Cyanogen chloride (CK)
* Hydrogen cyanide (AC)
* Arsine
* Vinyl arsine

Blister|

* Arsenicals
* Ethyldichloroarsine (ED)
* Methyldichloroarsine (MD)
* Phenyldichloroarsine (PD)
* Lewisite (L)
* Mustard gas (HD H HT HL HQ)
* Nitrogen mustard
* HN1
* HN2
* HN3
* TL-301
* Nitrosocarbamates
* KB-16

Nerve|

| G-agents|

* Tabun (GA)
* Sarin (GB)
* Chlorosarin (GC)
* Soman (GD)
* Ethylsarin (GE)
* Cyclosarin (GF)
* GH
* GJ
* GK
* GL
* GM
* GN
* GO
* GP
* GQ
* GR
* GS
* GT
* GU
* Fluorotabun
* GV
* GV1
* GV2
* GV3
* GV4
* GV5
* GV6
* EA-1356
* EA-3534
* EA-4352
* EA-5414
* EA-5488
* Thiosarin
* Thiosoman
* Thiocyclosarin
* Crotylsarin

|

V-agents|

* EA-2192
* EA-3148
* EA-3317
* VD
* VE
* VF
* VG
* VH
* VJ
* VK
* VL
* VM
* VN
* VO
* VP
* VQ
* VR
* VS
* VT
* VU
* VV
* VW
* VY
* VZ
* VX
* V1
* V2
* V3
* V4
* V5
* V6
* IVX
* IIVx
* Chinese VX
* V-sub x (GD-7)

Novichok agents|

* A-230
* A-232
* A-234
* A-242
* A-262
* C01-A035
* C01-A039
* C01-A042

Carbamates|

* EA-3887
* EA-3887A
* EA-3948
* EA-3966
* EA-3990
* EA-4026
* EA-4038
* EA-4048
* EA-4056
* EA-4057
* EA-4181
* T-1123
* Octamethylene-bis(5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinolinium bromide)

Other|

* EA-2012
* EA-2054
* EA-2098
* EA-2613
* 2-Ethoxycarbonyl-1-methylvinyl cyclohexyl methylphosphonate
* Neopentylene fluorophosphate

Precursors|

* Chlorosarin
* Chlorosoman
* Cyclohexanol
* 1,8-Dibromooctane
* N,N-Diisopropylaminoethanol
* Dimethylamidophosphoric dichloride
* Dimethylamidophosphoric dicyanide
* Isopropyl alcohol
* Methyldichlorophosphine
* Methylphosphonic acid dichloride
* Methylphosphonyl difluoride
* Pinacolone
* Pinacolyl alcohol
* QL
* 3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexanol

Neurotoxins|

* Saxitoxin (TZ)
* Botulinum toxin (BTX)
* Tetanospasmin (TeNT)
* Chlorophenylsilatrane
* Tetrodotoxin

Nettle|

* Phosgene oxime (CX)

Pulmonary/Choking agent|

* Chlorine
* Phosgene (CG)
* Perfluoroisobutene
* Chloropicrin (PS)
* Diphosgene (DP)
* Disulfur decafluoride
* Acrolein
* Ethyl bromoacetate
* Perchloromethyl mercaptan

Vomiting agent|

* Adamsite
* Chloropicrin
* Diphenylchlorarsine
* Diphenylcyanoarsine
* Diphenylaminecyanoarsine

Incapacitating|

* Agent 15 (BZ)
* Dimethylheptylpyran (DMHP)
* EA-3167
* EA-3443
* EA-3580
* EA-3834
* Kolokol-1
* LSD-25
* PAVA spray
* Sleeping gas

Riot control|

* Xylyl bromide
* Pepper spray (OC)
* Mace (spray)
* CN
* CS
* CR
* CNS

Other|

* Methyl fluoroacetate
* Fluoroethyl fluoroacetate
* Ricin
* Abrin
* Enterotoxin type B
* Depleted uranium
* post-combustion uranium oxides

* List of chemical warfare agents
* CB military symbol

* v
* t
* e

United States chemical weapons program

Units, formations,
centers and institutes|

* 2nd Chemical Battalion
* U.S. Army Chemical Corps
* U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center
* U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense (USAMRICD)
* U.S. Army Chemical Materials Activity
* U.S. Army Soldier and Biological Chemical Command
* Program Executive Office, Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternatives
* Chemical mortar battalion

Industrial facilities|

* Anniston Army Depot
* Anniston Chemical Activity
* Blue Grass Army Depot
* Deseret Chemical Depot
* Edgewood Chemical Activity
* Hawthorne Army Depot
* Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System
* Newport Chemical Depot
* Pine Bluff Chemical Activity
* Pueblo Chemical Depot
* Tooele Chemical Agent Disposal Facility
* Umatilla Chemical Depot

Operations
and projects|

| Research|

* Edgewood Arsenal human experiments
* Operation Top Hat
* Project 112
* Project SHAD
* Operation LAC

|

Operational|

* Operation Ranch Hand

Disposal|

* Operation CHASE
* Operation Davy Jones' Locker
* Operation Geranium
* Operation Steel Box
* Operation Red Hat

Agents|

* 3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate (BZ)
* Chlorine
* Methylphosphonyl difluoride (DF)
* Phosgene
* QL
* Sarin (GB)
* Mustard gas (HD)
* VX

Munitions|

* Bigeye bomb
* M1 chemical mine
* M104 155mm Cartridge
* M110 155mm Cartridge
* M121 155mm Cartridge
* M125 bomblet
* M134 bomblet
* M138 bomblet
* M139 bomblet
* M2 mortar
* M23 chemical mine
* M34 cluster bomb
* M360 105mm Cartridge
* M426 8-inch shell
* M43 BZ cluster bomb
* M44 generator cluster
* M55 rocket
* M60 105mm Cartridge
* M687 155mm Cartridge
* XM736 8-inch projectile
* MC-1 bomb
* M47 bomb
* Weteye bomb

Protective equipment|

* CAIS
* M93 Fox
* MOPP
* People sniffer

Related topics|

* CB military symbol
* Dugway sheep incident
* Unethical human experimentation in the United States
* MKULTRA

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