Lycasin

Short description: Trade name for hydrogenated glucose syrup

Lycasin is a trade name given by Roquette for hydrogenated glucose syrup (hydrogenated starch hydrolysates).[1] One of the major components of Lycasin is maltitol, derived from the hydrogenation of maltose. Depending on the dextrose equivalent (DE) of the syrup used in the hydrolysis, a variety of products can be made, with the name "lycasin" normally being reserved for lycasin 80/55 (80 referring to the dry content and 55 to the dextrose equivalent). The other grades (e.g. 75/60 and 80/33) are referred to as Polysorb,[2] but should not be confused with the polyglycolic acid suture of the same name which is produced by a different company.[3]

Lycasin's known side effects in adults include bloating, intestinal gurgling or rumbling (borborygmi), and flatulence.[4] Some cases of extremely intense intestinal distress have been reported from consuming foods containing Lycasin, which led to many humorous reviews of German confectioner Haribo's Sugarless Gummy Bears.[5]

## References

1. ↑ Mitchell, Helen Buss (2006). Sweeteners and Sugar Alternatives in Food Technology. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4051-3434-7.
2. ↑ Altschul, Aaron M. (1993). Low-calorie foods handbook. New York: M. Dekker. ISBN 978-0-8247-8812-4.
3. ↑ "Polysorb™ Braided Absorbable Sutures". http://products.covidien.com/pages.aspx?page=sutureProductClassDetail&id=285.
4. ↑ Lee, A.; Wils, D.; Zumbé, A.; Storey, DM (2002). "The comparative gastrointestinal responses of children and adults following consumption of sweets formulated with sucrose, isomalt and lycasin HBC". European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 56 (8): 755–764. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601389. PMID 12122552.
5. ↑ "What's in Those Haribo Gummy Bears?". 17 January 2014. https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/01/whats-in-those-haribo-gummy-bears/283162/.

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Alcohols

Straight-chain
primary
alcohols (1°)|

* Methanol (C1)
* Ethanol (C2)
* 1-Propanol (C3)
* n-Butanol (C4)
* 1-Pentanol (C5)
* 1-Hexanol (C6)
* 1-Heptanol (C7)
* 1-Octanol (C8)
* 1-Nonanol (C9)
* 1-Decanol (C10)
* Undecanol (C11)
* Dodecanol (C12)
* Tridecan-1-ol (C13)
* 1-Tetradecanol (C14)
* 1-Pentadecanol (C15)
* Cetyl alcohol (C16)
* Heptadecan-1-ol (C17)
* Stearyl alcohol (C18)
* Nonadecan-1-ol (C19)
* Arachidyl alcohol (C20)
* Heneicosan-1-ol (C21)
* Docosanol (C22)
* Tricosan-1-ol (C23)
* 1-Tetracosanol (C24)
* Pentacosan-1-ol (C25)
* 1-Hexacosanol (C26)
* 1-Heptacosanol (C27)
* 1-Octacosanol (C28)
* 1-Nonacosanol (C29)
* Triacontanol (C30)
* Hentriacontanol (C31)
* Dotriacontanol (C32)
* Tritriacontanol (C33)
* Tetratriacontanol (C34)
* Pentatriacontanol (C35)
* Hexatriacontanol (C36)
* 1-Heptatriacontanol (C37)
* 1-Octatriacontanol (C38)
* Nonatriacontan-1-ol (C39)
* Tetracontanol (C40)

Other primary
alcohols|

* Isobutanol (C4)
* Isoamyl alcohol (C5)
* 2-Methyl-1-butanol (C5)
* Phenethyl alcohol (C8)
* Tryptophol (C10)

Secondary
alcohols (2°)|

* Isopropanol (C3)
* Cyclopropanol (C3)
* 2-Butanol (C4)
* 2-Pentanol (C5)
* 3-Pentanol (C5)
* Cyclopentanol (C5)
* 2-Hexanol (C6)
* 3-Hexanol (C6)
* Pinacolyl alcohol (C6)
* Cyclohexanol (C6)
* 2-Heptanol (C7)
* 3-Heptanol (C7)
* 2-Octanol (C8)

Tertiary
alcohols (3°)|

* tert-Butyl alcohol (C4)
* tert-Amyl alcohol (C5)
* 2-Methyl-2-pentanol (C6)
* 2-Methylhexan-2-ol (C7)
* 2-Methylheptan-2-ol (C8)
* 3-Methyl-3-pentanol (C6)
* 3-Methyloctan-3-ol (C9)

Preparations|

* Substitution of haloalkane
* Carbonyl reduction
* Ether cleavage
* Hydrolysis of epoxide
* Hydration of alkene
* Ziegler process

Reactions|

* Deprotonation
* Protonation
* Alcohol oxidation
* Glycol cleavage
* Nucleophilic substitution
* Fischer–Speier esterification
* Williamson ether synthesis
* Elimination reaction
* Nucleophilic substitution of carbonyl group
* Friedel-Crafts alkylation
* Nucleophilic conjugate addition
* Transesterification

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