Nicosan

Nicosan, also known as Hemoxin, Niprisan, or Nix-0699, is a phytochemical which was studied in sickle-cell disease (SCD).[1] As of 2017 it does not appear to be commercially available, as the only manufacturer, which was in Nigeria, has stopped producing it due to financial problems.[2]

## Contents

* 1 Medical uses
* 2 Chemistry
* 3 History
* 4 Footnotes

## Medical uses

There is tentative evidence that it may be useful in sickle-cell disease.[1] It however does not appear to affect overall complications or rates of anemia.[1]

## Chemistry

It is an ethanol/water extract of Piper guineense seeds, Pterocarpus osum stem, Eugenia caryophyllus fruit, and Sorghum bicolor leaves.[3]

## History

It was developed at the Nigerian National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD) (U.S. Patent # 5,800,819 - September 1, 1998). NIPRD has conducted Phase III clinical trials in Nigeria which showed unclear benefits but have not been published as of 2010.[4]

In August 2002, a Nigerian subsidiary of the American company Xechem International,[4] acquired the rights to Nicosan. On July 6, 2006, the drug was announced in Nigeria, with the president of Nigeria, Olusegun Obasanjo, in attendance. In 2008, a fraud complaint alleged that Nigerian public money was spent on the drug.[5] Xechem International went bankrupt in 2008 and production of the drug stopped.[6]

## Footnotes

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Oniyangi, Oluseyi; Cohall, Damian H. (25 September 2020). "Phytomedicines (medicines derived from plants) for sickle cell disease". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 9: CD004448. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004448.pub7. ISSN 1469-493X. PMID 32977351. PMC 8106534. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32977351.
2. ↑ "Neglect of traditional medicine continues". https://guardian.ng/features/neglect-of-traditional-medicine-continues/.
3. ↑ Kotiah, SD; Ballas, SK (December 2009). "Investigational drugs in sickle cell anemia.". Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs 18 (12): 1817–28. doi:10.1517/13543780903247463. PMID 19780709.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Ndhlovu, Deborah-Fay (18 November 2010). "Funding woes afflict African herbal therapy institute" (in en). Nature. doi:10.1038/news.2010.602. https://www.nature.com/news/2010/101118/full/news.2010.602.html.
5. ↑ "Sickle cell drug mired in controversy". Sci Dev Net. June 30, 2008. http://www.scidev.net/global/health/news/sickle-cell-drug-mired-in-controversy.html.
6. ↑ "Nigerian Research Institute Commences Production of Sickle Cell Anaemia Management Drug - Nigerian Bulletin - Trending News". Nigerian Bulletin - Trending News. https://www.nigerianbulletin.com/threads/nigerian-research-institute-commences-production-of-sickle-cell-anaemia-management-drug.24292/.

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