Nonane

Names
Preferred IUPAC name

Nonane[1]

Identifiers

CAS Number

* 111-84-2 Y

3D model (JSmol)

* Interactive image

Beilstein Reference

| 1696917
ChEBI |

* CHEBI:32892 Y

ChEMBL |

* ChEMBL335900 Y

ChemSpider |

* 7849 Y

EC Number |

* 203-913-4

Gmelin Reference

| 240576
MeSH | nonane

PubChem CID

* 8141

RTECS number |

* RA6115000

UNII |

* T9W3VH6G10 Y

UN number | 1920

InChI

* InChI=1S/C9H20/c1-3-5-7-9-8-6-4-2/h3-9H2,1-2H3 Y

Key: BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y

SMILES

* CCCCCCCCC

Properties

Chemical formula

| C9H20
Molar mass | 128.259 g·mol−1
Appearance  | Colorless liquid
Odor | Gasoline-like
Density | 0.718 g/mL
Melting point |  −54.1 to −53.1 °C; −65.5 to −63.7 °F; 219.0 to 220.0 K
Boiling point |  150.4 to 151.0 °C; 302.6 to 303.7 °F; 423.5 to 424.1 K
log P | 5.293
Vapor pressure | 0.59 kPa (at 25.0 °C)

Henry's law
constant (kH)

| 1.7 nmol Pa−1 kg−1

Magnetic susceptibility (χ)

| -108.13·10−6 cm3/mol

Refractive index (nD)

| 1.405
Thermochemistry

Heat capacity (C)

| 284.34 J K−1 mol−1

Std molar
entropy (S ~~o~~ 298)

| 393.67 J K−1 mol−1

Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298)

| −275.7–−273.7 kJ mol−1

Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcH⦵298)

| −6125.75–−6124.67 kJ mol−1
Hazards
GHS pictograms |
GHS Signal word | DANGER

GHS hazard statements

| H226, H304, H315, H319, H332, H336

GHS precautionary statements

| P261, P301+310, P305+351+338, P331
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)  |

Flash point |  31.0 °C (87.8 °F; 304.1 K)

Autoignition
temperature

|  205.0 °C (401.0 °F; 478.1 K)
Explosive limits | 0.87–2.9%
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):

PEL (Permissible)

| none[2]

REL (Recommended)

| TWA 200 ppm (1050 mg/m3)[2]

IDLH (Immediate danger)

| N.D.[2]
Related compounds

Related alkanes

* Octane
* Decane

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Y verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Tracking categories (test):

* SizeSet

Nonane is a linear alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C9H20. It is a colorless, flammable liquid, occurring primarily in the component of the petroleum distillate fraction commonly called kerosene, which is used as a heating, tractor, and jet fuel.[4] Nonane is also used as a solvent, distillation chaser, fuel additive, and a component in biodegradable detergents.[5]

Nonane has 35 structural isomers.

Its substituent form is nonyl. Its cycloalkane counterpart is cyclononane, (C9H18).

Unlike most alkanes, the numeric prefix in its name is from Latin, not Greek. (A name using a Greek prefix would be enneane.)

## Contents

* 1 Combustion reactions
* 2 See also
* 3 References
* 4 External links

## Combustion reactions

Nonane undergoes combustion reactions that are similar to other alkanes. In the presence of sufficient oxygen, nonane burns to form water and carbon dioxide.

C9H20 \+ 14O2 → 9CO2 \+ 10H2O

When insufficient oxygen is available for complete combustion, the burning products include carbon monoxide.

2C9H20 \+ 19O2 → 18CO \+ 20H2O

## See also

* Higher alkanes
* List of isomers of nonane

## References

1. ↑ "nonane - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 16 September 2004. Identification and Related Records. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=8141&loc=ec_rcs.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0466". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0466.html.
3. ↑ "NFPA Hazard Rating Information for Common Chemicals". http://www.ehs.neu.edu/laboratory_safety/general_information/nfpa_hazard_rating/documents/NFPAratingJR.htm.
4. ↑ "Petroleum - Chemistry Encyclopedia - reaction, water, uses, elements, examples, gas, number, name". http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Ny-Pi/Petroleum.html.
5. ↑ Health Council of the Netherlands: Committee on Updating of Occupational Exposure Limits. Nonane; Health-based Reassessment of Administrative Occupational Exposure Limits. The Hague: Health Council of the Netherlands, 2005; 2000/15OSH/155. http://www.gezondheidsraad.nl/sites/default/files/0015osh155.pdf

## External links

* NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0466". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0466.html.
* MSDS at Oxford University
* List of isomers of nonane

* v
* t
* e

Alkanes

* Methane (CH4)
* Ethane (C2H6)
* Propane (C3H8)
* Butane (C4H10)
* Pentane (C5H12)
* Hexane (C6H14)
* Heptane (C7H16)
* Octane (C8H18)
* Nonane (C9H20)
* Decane (C10H22)
* Undecane (C11H24)
* Dodecane (C12H26)
* Tridecane (C13H28)
* Tetradecane (C14H30)
* Pentadecane (C15H32)
* Hexadecane / Cetane (C16H34)
* Heptadecane (C17H36)
* Octadecane (C18H38)
* Nonadecane (C19H40)
* Icosane (C20H42)
* Heneicosane (C21H44)
* Tetracosane (C24H50)
* Nonacosane (C29H60)
* Hentriacontane (C31H64)

* Higher alkanes
* List of alkanes

* v
* t
* e

Binary compounds of hydrogen

Alkali metal (Group 1) hydrides|

* LiH
* NaH
* KH
* RbH
* CsH

Lithium hydride, LiH
ionic metal hydride

Beryllium hydride
Left (gas phase): BeH2
covalent metal hydride
Right: (BeH2)n (solid phase)
polymeric metal hydride

Borane and diborane
Left: BH3 (special conditions), covalent metalloid hydride
Right: B2H6 (standard conditions), dimeric metalloid hydride

Methane, CH4
covalent nonmetal hydride

Ammonia, NH3
covalent nonmetal hydride

Water, H2O
covalent nonmetal hydride

Hydrogen fluoride, HF
covalent nonmetal hydride

Alkaline (Group 2) earth hydrides|

| Monohydrides|

* BeH
* MgH
* CaH
* SrH
* BaH

|

Dihydrides|

* BeH2
* MgH2
* CaH2
* SrH2
* BaH2

|

Group 13 hydrides|

| Boranes|

* BH3
* B2H6
* B2H2
* B2H4
* B4H10
* B5H9
* B5H11
* B6H10
* B6H12
* B10H14
* B18H22

|

Alanes|

* AlH3
* Al2H6

|

Gallanes|

* GaH3
* Ga2H6

|

Indiganes|

* InH3
* In2H6

|

Thallanes|

* TlH3
* Tl2H6

|

Group 14 hydrides|

| Linear alkanes|

* CH4
* C2H6
* C3H8
* C4H10
* C5H12
* C6H14
* C7H16
* C8H18
* C9H20
* C10H22
* more...

|

Linear alkenes|

* C2H4
* C3H6
* C4H8
* C5H10
* C6H12
* C7H14
* C8H16
* C9H18
* C10H20
* more...

|

Linear alkynes|

* C2H2
* C3H4
* C4H6
* C5H8
* C6H10
* C7H12
* C8H14
* C9H16
* C10H18
* more...

|

Silanes|

* SiH4
* Si2H6
* Si3H8
* Si4H10
* Si5H12
* Si6H14
* Si7H16
* Si8H18
* Si9H20
* Si10H22
* more...

|

Silenes|

* Si2H4

|

Silynes|

* Si2H2
* SiH

|

Germanes|

* GeH4
* Ge2H6
* Ge3H8
* Ge4H10
* Ge5H12

|

Stannanes|

* SnH4
* Sn2H6

|

Plumbanes|

* PbH4

|

* CH
* CH2
* CH3
* C2H
* Cycloalkanes
* Cycloalkenes
* Annulenes
* Many more

Pnictogen (Group 15) hydrides|

| Azanes|

* NH3
* N2H4
* N3H5
* N4H6
* N5H7
* N6H8
* N7H9
* N8H10
* N9H11
* N10H12
* more...

|

Azenes|

* N2H2
* N3H3
* N4H4

|

Phosphanes|

* PH3
* P2H4
* P3H5
* P4H6
* P5H7
* P6H8
* P7H9
* P8H10
* P9H11
* P10H12
* more...

|

Phosphenes|

* P2H2
* P3H3
* P4H4

|

Arsanes|

* AsH3
* As2H4

|

Stibanes|

* SbH3

|

Bismuthanes|

* BiH3

|

* HN3
* NH
* radical

Hydrogen chalcogenides (Group 16 hydrides)|

| Polyoxidanes|

* H2O
* H2O2
* H2O3
* H2O4
* H2O5
* H2O6
* H2O7
* H2O8
* H2O9
* H2O10
* more...

|

Polysulfanes|

* H2S
* H2S2
* H2S3
* H2S4
* H2S5
* H2S6
* H2S7
* H2S8
* H2S9
* H2S10
* more...

|

Selanes|

* H2Se
* H2Se2

|

Tellanes|

* H2Te
* H2Te2

|

Polanes|

* PoH2

|

* HO
* HO2
* HO3
* H2O+–O–
* H2S=S
* (HS)2S+–S–
* HS
* HDO
* D2O
* T2O

Hydrogen halides (Group 17 hydrides)|

* HF
* HCl
* HBr
* HI
* HAt

Transition metal hydrides|

* ScH2
* YH2
* YH3
* TiH2
* ZrH2
* HfH2
* VH
* VH2
* NbH
* NbH2
* TaH
* CrH
* CrH2
* CrHx
* NiH
* PdHx (x < 1)
* FeH
* FeH2
* FeH5
* CuH
* ZnH2
* CdH2
* HgH2

Lanthanide hydrides|

* LaH2
* LaH3
* LaH10
* CeH2
* CeH3
* PrH2
* PrH3
* NdH2
* NdH3
* SmH2
* SmH3
* EuH2
* GdH2
* GdH3
* TbH2
* TbH3
* DyH2
* DyH3
* HoH2
* HoH3
* ErH2
* ErH3
* TmH2
* TmH3
* YbH2
* YbH2.5
* LuH2
* LuH3

Actinide hydrides|

* AcH2
* ThH2
* Th4H15
* PaH3
* UH3
* NpH2
* NpH3
* PuH2
* PuH3
* AmH2
* AmH3
* CmH2

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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonane. Read more

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Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Chemistry:Nonane&oldid=3336417"
*[CID]: Compound ID
*[H226]: Flammable liquid and vapour
*[H304]: May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways
*[H315]: Causes skin irritation
*[H319]: Causes serious eye irritation
*[H332]: Harmful if inhaled
*[H336]: May cause drowsiness or dizziness
*[P261]: Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray
*[P301+310]: IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician
*[P305+351+338]: IF IN EYES: Rinse continuously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do – continue rinsing
*[P331]: Do NOT induce vomiting
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*[t]: Discuss this template
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