Oxfendazole

Oxfendazole is a broad-spectrum benzimidazole anthelmintic. Its main use is for protecting livestock against roundworm, strongyles, and pinworms.[1][2] Oxfendazole is the sulfoxide metabolite of fenbendazole. Like mebendazole, oxfendazole inhibits tubulin polymerization.[3]

Oxfendazole is an anthelmintic (wormer) compound used in veterinary practice. It comes under the chemical class of the benzimidazoles. This drug is rarely used in horses,[4] goats, sheep, and cattle. It is very scarcely applied on dogs and cats. The drug for livestock is majorly available in the form of pills, tablets, drenches, bolus, etc. They are meant for oral consumption. Several drenches are allowed for intraruminal injection in some of the countries. Few countries also prefer injectables and pour-ons. For pet dogs, the drug is available in the form of drenches.

## Contents

* 1 Efficacy
* 2 Adverse effects
* 3 Brand names
* 4 References

## Efficacy

Both oxfendazole and fenbendazole are efficacious against gastrointestinal lungworms and roundworms of livestock, adults, and L4-larvae of the significant species for example, of the genera Bunostomum, Haemonchus, Ostertagia, Oesophagostomum, Nematodirus, Teladorsagia, Cooperia, Trichostrongylus, Dictyocaulus, Trichuris, etc., including against arrested larvae of some of the species.[5][6][7] They are even highly efficient against majority of the tapeworms commonly found in livestock.[8][9][10] This drug works effectively against the main parasitic roundworms and tapeworms of dogs and cats.[11][12]

The drug offers a small residual effect in ruminants unless and otherwise it is delivered by using a slow-release device. This essentially means that on a single administration, it will help in killing the parasites that are present in the host during the time of treatment and also prevent against reinfestations for some more days, but not weeks or months. The residual effect is comparatively shorter in nonruminants. The drug is not effective against flukes and external parasites at therapeutic doses.

## Adverse effects

Since the toxicity of oxfendazole is quite low, it is generally well tolerated by most species. High oral doses can cause intoxication, though, resulting in loss of appetite, diarrhea, fever, cramps, nausea and vomiting, convulsions, hepatic and epicardial hemorrhage, allergic reactions, etc. Due to lack of research, use of oxfendazole in pregnant mares and bitches is not recommended, nor are oxfendazole tablets to treat dogs or cats.[13] A registered veterinarian must authorize the use of oxfendazole in any species.

## Brand names

Oxfendazole is sold under brand names of Synanthic (suspension),[14] Benzelmin (paste),[15] and Anthelcide EQ (paste).

## References

1. ↑ "Oxfendazole". http://www.chemicalland21.com/lifescience/phar/OXFENDAZOLE.htm.
2. ↑ "Oxfendazole: a promising agent for the treatment and control of helminth infections in humans". Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy 17 (1): 51–56. January 2019. doi:10.1080/14787210.2018.1555241. PMID 30501436.
3. ↑ "NanoDSF Screening for Anti-tubulin Agents Uncovers New Structure–Activity Insights". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 2025. doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5c01008.
4. ↑ "An evaluation of the efficacy of oxfendazole against the common nematode parasites of the horse". The Veterinary Record 103 (15): 332–334. October 1978. doi:10.1136/vr.103.15.332. PMID 364817.
5. ↑ "Effects of Ferula asafetida, closantel, albendazole, oxfendazole, and ivermectin against Haemonchus contortus in goats and sheep". Tropical Animal Health and Production 54 (2). February 2022. doi:10.1007/s11250-022-03111-z. PMID 35187616.
6. ↑ "Comparative efficacy of ivermectin pour-on, albendazole, oxfendazole and fenbendazole against Ostertagia ostertagi inhibited larvae, other gastrointestinal nematodes and lungworm of cattle". Veterinary Parasitology 73 (1–2): 73–82. December 1997. doi:10.1016/S0304-4017(97)00066-6. PMID 9477494.
7. ↑ "Evaluation of oxfendazole against natural infections of gastro-intestinal nematodes and lung-worms in calves". The Veterinary Record 99 (14): 267–270. October 1976. doi:10.1136/vr.99.14.267. PMID 136085.
8. ↑ "Evaluation of a refugia-based strategy for gastrointestinal nematodes on weight gain and fecal egg counts in naturally infected stocker calves administered combination anthelmintics". Veterinary Parasitology 319. July 2023. doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.109955. PMID 37201354.
9. ↑ "Monitoring equine ascarid and cyathostomin parasites: Evaluating health parameters under different treatment regimens". Equine Veterinary Journal 53 (5): 902–910. September 2021. doi:10.1111/evj.13374. PMID 33119179.
10. ↑ "TSOL18 vaccine and oxfendazole for control of Taenia solium cysticercosis in pigs: A field trial in endemic areas of Tanzania". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 14 (10). October 2020. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008785. PMID 33052939.
11. ↑ "The effect of oxfendazole on Echinococcus granulosus and Taenia hydatigena infections in dogs". Research in Veterinary Science 26 (3): 389–390. May 1979. doi:10.1016/S0034-5288(18)32902-3. PMID 515529.
12. ↑ "[Biology, pathogenicity, diagnosis and control of Ancylostoma caninum]". DTW. Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift 99 (8): 315–321. August 1992. PMID 1425324.
13. ↑ "OXFENDAZOLE TOXICITY, POISONING, INTOXICATION, OVERDOSE, ANTIDOTE: SAFETY SUMMARY for VETERINARY use on DOGS, CATS, CATTLE, SHEEP, GOATS, SWINE, HORSES and POULTRY". https://parasitipedia.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2700&Itemid=3015.
14. ↑ "Synanthic® (oxfendazole oral suspension) Bovine Dewormer Suspension, 22.5%". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=152cde64-ff22-4a3e-bb78-65e159dbe6b6&type=display.
15. ↑ "BENZELMIN WORMER Paste for HORSES - JUROX - oxfendazole, benzimidazole". https://parasitipedia.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3720&Itemid=3560.

* v
* t
* e

Antiparasitics – Anthelmintics (P02) and Endectocides (QP54)

Antiplatyhelmintic agents|

| Antitrematodals
(schistosomicides)|

| Binds tubulin|

* benzimidazole
* Triclabendazole#

|

AI|

* phosphonic acid
* Metrifonate‡

Other/unknown|

* quinoline
* Praziquantel#
* Oxamniquine#
* phenol
* Bithionol
* thiazole
* Niridazole
* arylsulfonate
* Stibophen

Anticestodals
(taeniacides)|

| Binds tubulin|

* benzimidazole
* Albendazole#

|

Other/unknown|

* quinoline
* Praziquantel#
* salicylanilide
* Niclosamide#
* aminoacridine
* Quinacrine
* butyrophenone
* Desaspidin
* chlorophenol
* Dichlorophen

Antinematodal agents
(including
macrofilaricides)|

| Binds tubulin|

* benzimidazole
* Mebendazole#
* Albendazole#
* Tiabendazole
* Fenbendazole
* Ciclobendazole
* Flubendazole

|

Glutamate-gated chloride channel, GABA receptor|

* avermectins
* Abamectin
* Doramectin
* Emamectin
* Ivermectin#
* Selamectin
* milbemycins
* Moxidectin
* Milbemycin oxime

NMDA|

* tetrahydropyrimidine
* Pyrantel#
* pyrantel pamoate
* Oxantel
* Morantel
* Carbantel
* Febantel (aka felsantel)

Other/unknown|

* piperazine
* Piperazine
* Diethylcarbamazine#
* thiazole
* Levamisole#
* quinolinium
* Pyrvinium
* benzylammonium
* Bephenium
* naphthalenesulfonate
* Suramin#
* Tribendimidine

* #WHO-EM
* ‡Withdrawn from market
* Clinical trials:
* †Phase III
* §Never to phase III

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