P-Chiral phosphine

Two P-chiral "Kwon phosphines".[1]

P-Chiral phosphines are organophosphorus compounds of the formula PRR′R″, where R, R′, R″ = H, alkyl, aryl, etc. They are a subset of chiral phosphines, a broader class of compounds where the stereogenic center can reside at sites other than phosphorus. P-chirality exploits the high barrier for inversion of phosphines, which ensures that enantiomers of PRR'R" do not racemize readily. The inversion barrier is relatively insensitive to substituents for triorganophosphines.[2] By contrast, most amines of the type NRR′R″ undergo rapid pyramidal inversion.

## Research themes

Most chiral phosphines are C2-symmetric diphosphines. Famous examples are DIPAMP and BINAP. These chelating ligands support catalysts used in asymmetric hydrogenation and related reactions. DIPAMP is prepared by coupling the P-chiral methylphenylanisylphosphine.

P-Chiral phosphines are of particular interest in asymmetric catalysis. P-Chiral phosphines have been investigated for two main applications, as ligands for asymmetric homogeneous catalysts and as nucleophiles in organocatalysis.[1]

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Xiao, Y.; Sun, Z.; Guo, H.; Kwon, O. (2014). "Chiral Phosphines in Nucleophilic Organocatalysis". Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 10: 2089–2121. doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.218. PMID 25246969.
2. ↑ Mislow, Kurt; Baechler, Raymond D. (1971). "Effect of ligand electronegativity on the inversion barrier of phosphines". Journal of the American Chemical Society 93 (3): 773–774. doi:10.1021/ja00732a036.

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Concepts in enantioselective synthesis

Chirality types|

* Chirality
* Stereocenter
* Planar chirality
* C2-Symmetric ligands
* Axial chirality
* Supramolecular chirality
* Inherent chirality

Chiral molecules|

* Stereoisomer
* Enantiomer
* Diastereomer
* Meso compound
* Racemic mixture
* Enantiomeric excess (ee)
* Diastereomeric excess (de)

Analysis|

* Optical rotation
* Chiral derivatizing agents
* NMR spectroscopy of stereoisomers
* Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy of stereoisomers

Chiral resolution|

* Recrystallization
* Kinetic resolution
* Chiral column chromatography
* Diastereomeric recrystallization

Reactions|

* Asymmetric induction
* Chiral pool synthesis
* Chiral auxiliaries
* Asymmetric catalysis
* Organocatalysis
* Biocatalysis

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