Perfluorosulfonic acids

Perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs) are chemical compounds of the formula CnF(2n+1)SO3H and thus belong to the family of perfluorinated and polyfluorinated alkyl compounds (PFASs). The simplest example of a perfluorosulfonic acid is the trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. Perfluorosulfonic acids with six or more perfluorinated carbon atoms, i.e. from perfluorohexanesulfonic acid onwards, are referred to as long-chain.[1]

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid

Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid

## Contents

* 1 Properties
* 2 Use
* 3 Regulation
* 4 Examples
* 5 Literature
* 6 References

## Properties

Perfluorosulfonic acids are organofluoroanalogues of conventional alkanesulfonic acids, but they are several pKA units stronger (and are therefore strong acids). Their perfluoroalkyl chain has a highly hydrophobic character.

## Use

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, for example, has been used in hard chromium plating. Since the early 2000's 6:2-Fluorotelomersulfonic acid has been used as a replacement for Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid.[2]

## Regulation

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid was included in Annex B of the Stockholm Convention in 2009 and subsequently in the EU POPs Regulation.[3]

Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid including its salts and related compounds was proposed for inclusion in the Stockholm Convention.[4]

## Examples

Name  | Abbreviation  | Structural formula | Molecular weight (g/mol)  | CAS No.

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|
|
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Perfluoropropanesulfonic acid | PFPrS  | C3F7SO3H  | 250.09  | 423-41-6
Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid | PFBS  | C4F9SO3H  | 300.10  | 375-73-5
Perfluoropentanesulfonic acid  | PFPS  | C5F11SO3H  | 350.11  | 2706-91-4
Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid | PFHxS  | C6F13SO3H  | 400.12  | 355-46-4
Perfluoroheptanesulfonic acid  | PFHpS  | C7F15SO3H  | 450.12  | 375-92-8
Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid | PFOS  | C8F17SO3H  | 500.13  | 1763-23-1
Perfluorononanesulfonic acid  | PFNS  | C9F19SO3H  | 550.14  | 68259-12-1
Perfluorodecanesulfonic acid  | PFDS  | C10F21SO3H  | 600.15  | 335-77-3

## Literature

* "3. Perfluoroalkane sulfonic (a) and sulfinic (b) acids" (in English), Fact Cards of Major Groups of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs), OECD Environment, Health and Safety Publications 68 Series on Risk Management, 2022, pp. 31–41, https://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=env/cbc/mono(2022)1&doclanguage=en

## References

1. ↑ "Terminology | FluoroCouncil". https://fluorocouncil.com/fluorotechnology/terminology/.
2. ↑ https://academic.oup.com/toxsci/article-abstract/192/1/97/6984735?redirectedFrom=fulltext
3. ↑ Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 on persistent organic pollutants
4. ↑ "UN experts recommend elimination of additional hazardous chemicals to protect human health and the environment" (in en-GB). http://chm.pops.int/Implementation/PublicAwareness/PressReleases/POPRC15expertsrecommendeliminationofPFHxS/tabid/8153/Default.aspx.

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