Topical decongestant

Short description: Decongestants applied in nose

Topical decongestants are decongestants applied directly to the nasal cavity. Their effectiveness by themselves in the common cold appears to have a small benefit in adults.[1]

Topical decongestants should only be used by patients for a maximum of 5–7 days in a row, because rebound congestion may occur in the form of rhinitis medicamentosa. When used in adults for a short period of time side effects appear to be few.[1]

## Contents

* 1 Mechanism of action
* 2 Examples
* 3 See also
* 4 References

## Mechanism of action

Topical decongestants are vasoconstrictors, and work by constricting the blood vessels within the nasal cavity.

## Examples

* Ephedrine
* Levomethamphetamine
* Naphazoline
* Oxymetazoline
* Phenylephrine
* Propylhexedrine
* Pseudoephedrine
* Tramazoline
* Xylometazoline

## See also

* Decongestant
* Nasal irrigation
* Nasal spray

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Deckx, L; De Sutter, AI; Guo, L; Mir, NA; van Driel, ML (17 October 2016). "Nasal decongestants in monotherapy for the common cold.". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 10: CD009612. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009612.pub2. PMID 27748955.

* v
* t
* e

Decongestants and other nasal preparations (R01)

Topical|

| Sympathomimetics, plain|

* Cyclopentamine
* Ephedrine
* Epinephrine
* Fenoxazoline
* Levomethamphetamine
* Metizoline
* Naphazoline
* Oxymetazoline
* Phenylephrine
* Propylhexedrine
* Tetryzoline
* Tramazoline
* Tuaminoheptane
* Tymazoline
* Xylometazoline

|

Antiallergic agents,
excluding corticosteroids|

* Spaglumic acid

* histamine antagonists (Levocabastine
* Antazoline
* Thonzylamine)

* mast cell stabilizer (some are also antihistamines) (Cromoglicic acid
* Nedocromil
* Azelastine
* Olopatadine
* Lodoxamide)

Corticosteroids|

* Beclometasone dipropionate
* Betamethasone#
* Budesonide
* Ciclesonide
* Dexamethasone
* Flunisolide
* Fluticasone (Fluticasone furoate, Fluticasone propionate)
* Mometasone furoate
* Prednisolone#
* Tixocortol
* Triamcinolone
* Triamcinolone acetonide

Other nasal preparations|

* Cafaminol
* Calcium hexamine thiocyanate
* Eucalyptus oil
* Framycetin
* Hexamidine
* Hyaluronan
* Ipratropium bromide
* Mupirocin
* Retinol
* Ritiometan
* Saline water

Systemic use:
Sympathomimetics|

* Phenylephrine
* Phenylpropanolamine
* Pseudoephedrine (+loratadine)

* #WHO-EM
* ‡Withdrawn from market
* Clinical trials:
* †Phase III
* §Never to phase III

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