ABL Space Systems

Short description: American space launch technology company

ABL Space Systems

Type| Private
Industry| Aerospace
Founded| August 2017
Founder|

* Dan Piemont
* Harry O'Hanley

Headquarters|

El Segundo, California

United States

Key people

* Dan Piemont (CFO)
* Harry O'Hanley (CEO)
* Matthew Becker (Chief Engineer)
* Josh Hathaway (GNC Director)

Number of employees

| 100 (2021)
Website| ablspacesystems.com

ABL Space Systems is an American aerospace and launch service provider, based in El Segundo, California, that manufactures deployable launch vehicles and infrastructure for sending commercial small satellites into orbit. The company manufactures its components in the United States.[1]

ABL Space Systems manufactures the RS1, a two-stage orbital expendable launch vehicle, and GS0, a deployable launch pad. Harry O'Hanley is the chief executive officer (CEO) and Dan Piemont is the chief financial officer (CFO) of ABL Space Systems.[1]

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 Testing
* 3 Planned launches sites
* 3.1 St. Marys, Georgia – launch site
* 3.2 Pacific Spaceport Complex
* 3.3 Cape Canaveral
* 3.4 SaxaVord Spaceport
* 4 Launches
* 5 RS1 rocket
* 5.1 Previous design
* 6 See also
* 7 References
* 8 External links

## History

ABL Space Systems was founded in 2017 by Harry O'Hanley and Dan Piemont, former SpaceX and Morgan Stanley employees. Their RS-1 rocket has two stages. It offers a maximum capacity of 1,350 kg (2,980 lb) to low Earth orbit (LEO).[2]

In 2018, ABL Space Systems signed a lease with Camden County, Georgia, for future operations in Spaceport Camden.[3]

In 2019, the company signed with Spaceport America in New Mexico to locate some ABL testing operations and facilities there.[4] As of October 2022, the company makes no mention of this location on their facility list.[5]

As of 2023, ABL is working on a larger rocket to compete for National Security Space Launch contracts.[6]

## Testing

In 2019, ABL Space conducted testing of the E2 rocket engine at the company's test facilities at Spaceport America, New Mexico, which "provided the perfect location and support staff for us to test the E2 rocket engine". The test was considered a success.[4]

In early 2020, the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) joined with ABL Space Systems to test and develop rocket-propulsion components.[7] In October 2020, the second stage with E2 engine was tested at Edwards Air Force Base.[8]

On 19 January 2022, an anomaly during testing at Mojave Air and Space Port resulted in the destruction of the second stage of the RS1 rocket.[9] On 27 January, the source of the anomaly was publicly identified by ABL's CEO Harry O'Hanley as being one of the second stage's E2 Vacuum engine's turbopumps suffering a hard start, which led to a "substantial fire on the aft end of the vehicle, resulting in a complete failure about 20 seconds later".[10]

After three earlier attempts to launch their RS1 rocket in December 2022, ABL shifted the launch attempt to January 2023.[11] The maiden flight on January 10, 2023, failed.[12]

## Planned launches sites

### St. Marys, Georgia – launch site

In 2018, ABL contracted with the city of St. Marys, Georgia, in Camden County to use the former St. Marys Airport (FAA LID: 4J6) as a launch site.[13] The former airport is about 7 km (4.3 mi) from the East Coast at Cumberland Island, Georgia, and would be part of the Spaceport Camden range.

### Pacific Spaceport Complex

The first RS1 flight was planned for 2022 from the Pacific Spaceport Complex on Kodiak Island,[14] but the launch attempt failed with no rocket actually launched. After two additional launch attempt failures (no rockets launched), the first launch occurred on January 10, 2023.[12] The maiden flight also failed and did not reach orbit.

### Cape Canaveral

On 1 November 2021, Amazon announced that the first two prototype satellites of the Kuiper constellation, KuiperSat-1 and KuiperSat-2, would be launched using RS1 in the fourth quarter of 2022 from Launch Complex 48 at the Kennedy Space Center.[15] Amazon subsequently shifted these satellites to Vulcan Centaur.[16] Which were then subsequently launched on and Atlas V on October 6th, 2023.[17]

### SaxaVord Spaceport

On 7 February 2021, Lockheed Martin and the United Kingdom announced a contract with ABL to launch the UK Pathfinder mission (6 CubeSats) in 2022, from the Shetland Space Centre on the island of Unst, Scotland.[18][19] As of September 2023, the UK Pathfinder launch is scheduled to take place in late 2023.[20]

## Launches

Flight No.  | Name  | Date and

time (UTC)

| Launch site  | Payload  | Payload mass  | Orbit  | Customer  | Launch outcome

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1  | DEMO-1  | 10 January 2023[21] | Kodiak, LP-3C[22] | VariSat 1A & 1B[23] |  | Polar (200 x 350 km x 87°)[22] | OmniTeq[24] | Failure
First flight of the RS1 launch vehicle. The vehicle suffered an anomaly shortly after liftoff and was destroyed. Failure was attributed to an overly restrictive launch mount and flame diverter causing plume recirculation and overloading of headshield causing fire. Fire subsequently caused damage to key harnesses causing loss of power and simultaneous loss of thrust in all engines due to de-energization of valves.[25]
2  | DEMO-2  | Q1 2024[26] | Kodiak, LP-3C[27] | Unknown  |  | Polar (200 x 275 km x 87°)[27] | Unknown  | Planned
Second flight of the RS1 launch vehicle.
–  |  | 2024[14] |  | NASA Cryogenic Demonstration Mission  |  | LEO | NASA | Planned
Contract for a technology demonstration of cryogenic propellant transfer in orbit.

## RS1 rocket

Both stages are powered by ABL's E2 rocket engine, with nine in the first stage, and one in the second stage. They are powered by RP-1 kerosene as propellant and liquid oxygen (LOX) as the oxidizer. [2]

The containerized launch system and rocket can be deployed to and launched from a suitably flat site, the main requirements being access for trucks capable of carrying up to 16 m (52 ft)-long ISO containers (for the RS-1 first stage), and a flat concrete pad 46 m (151 ft) x 15 m (49 ft).

As of April 2020[update] ABL Space Systems was planning the first orbital launch of its RS1 rocket in 2022. The firm received contracts worth US$44.5 million from the United States Air Force , as well as private funding equaling US$49 million. According to Dan Piemont, the US$44.5 million Air Force contracts[28] include a one-year deal from the tech incubator AFWERX to demonstrate launch technology and an agreement with Space and Missile Systems Center's Space Enterprise Consortium to conduct three demonstrations of a RS1 vehicle variant and deployable ground infrastructure in 2022.[29]

The RS1 is capable of carrying a payload of 1,350 kg (2,980 lb) to low Earth orbit.[29] It is 27 m (89 ft) tall. Launches are planned to be sold for US$12 million per flight.[8][30]

The maiden flight on January 10, 2023, failed after a fire in the aft cavity damaged key harnessing, causing the engines to shut down 11 seconds into flight.[12] RS1 crashed down near the launch pad, damaging infrastructure at the Pacific Spaceport Complex.[31]

ABL has sold over 70 launches so far.[32]

### Previous design

In 2019, RS-1 was planned to have three E1 engines, each producing 190,000 N (42,000 lbf) of thrust to power the rocket's first stage. A single E2 engine, with 58,000 N (13,000 lbf) of thrust, was planned for the rocket's second stage. Both engines would use liquid oxygen and RP-1 propellants. The first development build of the vehicle has been completed.[33]

## See also

* Company:Rocket Lab
* Engineering:Rocket Lab Electron - Two-stage small launch vehicle, 200-300 kg to LEO
* Company:Relativity Space
* Company:Firefly Aerospace - American private aerospace company
* Engineering:Firefly Alpha - Two-stage operational orbital rocket

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "ABL Space Systems Company". ABL Space Systems. https://ablspacesystems.com/company/.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Even Rockets Can Be Simple". ABL Space Systems. 2020. https://ablspacesystems.com/rocket/.
3. ↑ "ABL Space Systems Signs Lease with JDA to Begin Operations in Camden County". Business Wire. 17 September 2018. https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20180917005721/en/ABL-Space-Systems-Signs-Lease-with-JDA-to-Begin-Operations-in-Camden-County.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Clark, Carol A. (29 December 2019). "Spaceport America announces test operations of ABL Space Systems". Los Alamos Daily Post. https://ladailypost.com/spaceport-america-announces-test-operations-of-abl-space-systems/.
5. ↑ "Company—ABL Space Systems : Site Map". ABL. https://ablspacesystems.com/company/.
6. ↑ Eric Berger. "Col. Douglas Pentecost of the Air Force has referred to companies including Rocket Lab, Relativity Space, Blue Origin, and ABL Space as "Lane 1" entrants for national security launch. He revealed that ABL is also working on larger rocket, which the company hasn't talked about." (in en). https://twitter.com/SciGuySpace/status/1629190538908893189?s=20.
7. ↑ "Rocket Report". Ars Technica. 7 January 2020. https://arstechnica.com/science/2020/01/rocket-report-key-dragon-test-on-tap-big-year-for-rocket-debuts/.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "ABL Space Systems tests launch vehicle stage". SpaceNews. 22 October 2020. https://spacenews.com/abl-space-systems-tests-launch-vehicle-stage/.
9. ↑ "ABL Space Systems rocket stage destroyed in test accident". SpaceNews. 20 January 2022. https://spacenews.com/abl-space-systems-rocket-stage-destroyed-in-test-accident/.
10. ↑ "ABL Space Systems test accident to delay first launch by three months". SpaceNews. 27 January 2022. https://spacenews.com/abl-space-systems-test-accident-to-delay-first-launch-by-three-months/.
11. ↑ Wall, Mike (December 16, 2022). "Rocket startup ABL Space Systems pushes debut launch to Jan. 9". https://www.space.com/abl-space-systems-launch-delay-january-9.
12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Wattles, Jackie (2023-01-11). "Start-up fails first launch as rocket explodes off Alaska's coast" (in en). https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/10/world/abl-space-systems-satellite-launch-alaska-scn/index.html.
13. ↑ "ABL Space Systems". Parabolic Arc. 19 September 2018. http://www.parabolicarc.com/2018/09/19/abl-space-systems-signs-lease-operations-camden-county/.
14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Foust, Jeff (16 September 2021). "ABL Space Systems to launch NASA technology demonstration mission". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/abl-space-systems-to-launch-nasa-technology-demonstration-mission/.
15. ↑ "Amazon's satellite launch schedule puts it nearly 4 years behind Starlink". 1 November 2021. http://www.parabolicarc.com/2018/09/19/abl-space-systems-signs-lease-operations-camden-county/.
16. ↑ "Amazon's Project Kuiper satellites will fly on the new Vulcan Centaur rocket in early 2023" (in en). 2022-10-12. https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/innovation-at-amazon/amazons-project-kuiper-satellites-will-fly-on-the-new-vulcan-centaur-rocket-in-early-2023.
17. ↑ Mike, Wall (6 October 2023). "Atlas V rocket launches Amazon's 1st 2 internet satellites to orbit (video)". Space.com. https://www.space.com/atlas-v-rocket-launches-first-two-project-kuiper-satellites-amazon.
18. ↑ "Lockheed Martin selects ABL Space Systems for UK launch". SpaceNews. 7 February 2021. https://spacenews.com/lockheed-martin-selects-abl-space-systems-for-uk-launch/.
19. ↑ "British military's space campaign picks up steam with "Skynet" upgrade". C4ISRNET. 8 February 2021. https://www.c4isrnet.com/global/europe/2021/02/08/british-militarys-space-campaign-picks-up-steam-with-skynet-upgrade/.
20. ↑ https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/6974
21. ↑ "ABL Space Systems' rocket fails on maiden launch" (in en). Reuters. 2023-01-11. https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/abl-space-systems-rocket-fails-maiden-launch-2023-01-11/.
22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 "OET Special Temporary Authority Report". https://apps.fcc.gov/oetcf/els/reports/STA_Print.cfm?mode=current&application_seq=116078.
23. ↑ "RS1" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/rs1.htm.
24. ↑ "VariSat 1A, 1B, 1C" (in en). https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/varisat-1.htm.
25. ↑ "FAA Closes RS1 Mishap Investigation". ABL. https://ablspacesystems.com/news/faa-closes-rs1-mishap-investigation/.
26. ↑ "Alaska Aerospace - 2023 Annual Report". Alaska Aerospace. https://akaerospace.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/2023-AAC-Annual-Report-final-pages.pdf.
27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 "OET Special Temporary Authority Report". FCC. 21 September 2022. https://apps.fcc.gov/oetcf/els/reports/STA_Print.cfm?mode=current&application_seq=118552&RequestTimeout=1000.
28. ↑ "AFRL awards agreements under Aerospike Rocket Integration and Sub-orbital Experiment (ARISE) Program". Wright-Patterson AFB. 13 April 2020. http://www.wpafb.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/2147250/afrl-awards-agreements-under-aerospike-rocket-integration-and-sub-orbital-exper. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Erwin, Sandra (3 August 2020). "Small launch startup ABL secures over US$90 million in new funding and Air Force contracts". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/small-launch-startup-abl-secures-over-90-million-in-new-funding-and-air-force-contracts/.
30. ↑ Foust, Jeff (February 1, 2019). "ABL Space Systems increases performance and cuts price of its small launch vehicle". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/abl-space-systems-increases-performance-and-cuts-price-of-its-small-launch-vehicle/.
31. ↑ "FAA Closes RS1 Mishap Investigation" (in en). https://ablspacesystems.com/news/faa-closes-rs1-mishap-investigation/.
32. ↑ "The Road to Flight 2, with Dan Piemont (ABL Space)" (in en) (video). Oct 31, 2023. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PsclFLDwgIM&t=1510s.
33. ↑ Foust, Jeff (1 February 2019). "ABL Space Systems increases performance and cuts price of its small launch vehicle". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/abl-space-systems-increases-performance-and-cuts-price-of-its-small-launch-vehicle/.

## External links

* RS-1 rocket details
* launch system details

* v
* t
* e

Orbital launch systems developed in the United States

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* Antares 230+
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In development|

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Retired|

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* * - Japanese projects using US rockets or stages

* v
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Orbital launch systems

* List of orbital launch systems
* Comparison of orbital launch systems

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In development|

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Retired|

* Antares 110/120/130/230
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* 1
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* UR (Proton)
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* Proton-K
* Rokot
* Strela
* Vanguard
* VLS-1†
* Zenit
* 2
* 2M

Classes|

* Sounding rocket
* Small-lift launch vehicle
* Medium-lift launch vehicle
* Heavy-lift launch vehicle
* Super heavy-lift launch vehicle

* Symbol † indicates projects terminated before a successful orbital launch

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