Alpina

BMW Alpina

Formerly| Alpina (1965–2025)
Type| Brand
Industry| Automotive
Predecessor| Alpina Burkard Bovensiepen
Founded|

* 1965 (as a company)
* 2026 (as a brand)

Founder| Burkard Bovensiepen
Headquarters| Munich, Germany

Key people

| Andreas Bovensiepen (CEO)
Products| Automobiles
Parent| BMW
Website| www.bmwalpina.com

Alpina is a high-end luxury automobile brand by BMW. Alpina originally started as an automobile manufacturing company named Alpina Burkard Bovensiepen, based in Buchloe, in the Ostallgäu district of Bavaria, Germany that develops and sells high-performance versions of BMW cars. The company was officially renamed BMW Alpina in 2025.[citation needed] Alpina works closely with BMW and their processes are integrated into BMW's production lines, and is recognized by the German Ministry of Transport as an automobile manufacturer, in contrast to other performance specialists, which are aftermarket tuners. The Alpina B7 is produced at the same assembly line in Dingolfing, Germany (BMW Plant Dingolfing), as BMW's own 7 Series. The B7's twin-turbo 4.4-litre V8 is assembled by hand at Alpina's facility in Buchloe, Germany, before being shipped to BMW for installation, and the assembled vehicle is then sent back to Alpina for finishing touches.[1][2]

The firm was founded in 1965 by Burkard Bovensiepen (1936–2023),[3] a member of the Bovensiepen family of industrialists. On 10 March 2022, BMW announced its intention to acquire Alpina.[4] That same day, BMW wrote on its website that it had officially acquired the brand.[5]

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 Brand distinctions
* 3 Current lineup
* 3.1 Alpina XD3
* 3.2 Alpina XD4
* 3.3 Alpina B3 Bi-Turbo
* 3.4 Alpina D3 Bi-Turbo
* 3.5 Alpina B4 Bi-Turbo
* 3.6 Alpina B5 Bi-Turbo
* 3.7 Alpina D5 S
* 3.8 Alpina B6 Gran Coupé
* 3.9 Alpina B7
* 4 Previous models
* 4.1 Petrol-engine
* 4.2 Diesel-engine
* 5 3 Series based Alpinas
* 5.1 Alpina C1
* 5.2 Alpina C2
* 5.3 Alpina B6
* 5.4 Alpina B3 GT3
* 6 5 Series based Alpinas
* 6.1 E12 B2
* 6.2 E12 B7 Turbo / B7 S Turbo
* 6.3 E28 B9
* 6.3.1 Changes
* 6.3.2 Technical specifications
* 6.4 E28 B10
* 6.4.1 Technical specifications
* 6.5 E34 B10
* 6.5.1 B10 3.5
* 6.5.2 B10 4.0
* 6.5.3 B10 3.0 Allrad
* 6.5.4 B10 4.6
* 6.5.5 Technical specifications
* 6.6 E34 B10 BiTurbo
* 6.7 E39 B10
* 6.7.1 Engines
* 6.7.2 Suspension
* 6.7.3 Technical data
* 6.8 E60 B5
* 6.8.1 Drivetrain
* 6.8.2 Technical data
* 6.8.3 Note
* 6.9 Alpina B5 S
* 6.9.1 Engine
* 6.9.2 Transmission
* 6.9.3 Chassis
* 6.9.4 Technical data
* 6.10 F10 B5
* 6.10.1 B5 Bi-Turbo
* 6.10.2 D5 Bi-Turbo
* 6.11 G30 B5
* 7 7 Series based Alpinas
* 7.1 E32 B11
* 7.2 E32 B12
* 7.3 E38 B12
* 7.4 E65 B7
* 7.5 F01/F02 B7
* 7.6 G12 B7
* 8 8 Series based Alpinas
* 8.1 E31 B12
* 8.1.1 B12 5.0
* 8.1.2 B12 5.7
* 8.2 G16 B8
* 8.2.1 B8 Gran Coupé
* 8.2.2 Technical data
* 9 Alpina Roadster V8
* 10 Gallery
* 11 See also
* 12 References
* 13 External links

## History

BMW Alpina 3.0 CSL (1974), driven by Helmut Koinigg

Alpina's roots can be traced back to 1962, when Burkard Bovensiepen developed a Weber dual carburetor for the BMW 1500. This carburetor was well received by the automotive press, as well as BMW's own sales boss Paul G. Hahnemann. In 1964, BMW certified the quality of this Alpina product by awarding BMW vehicles fitted with the Alpina system the full factory guarantee.

Alpina Burkard Bovensiepen KG was established on 1 January 1965 in Kaufbeuren, Bavaria. The company had eight employees. Although Alpina started by producing typewriters, the original Alpina ceased to exist at the end of the 1960s in their attempt to move into the textile industry. In 1965, Burkard established a BMW tuning business, following his success with investments in the stock market. He started the tuning business in an outbuilding of the original Alpina typewriter factory. The company worked on carburetors and revised cylinder heads. By 1970, with seventy employees, the original facility changed locations from Kaufbeuren to Buchloe.

In its first years, Alpina established its core competency by tuning carburetors and camshafts to extract more power from BMW engines, elements that eventually defined the company's logo, which came into being in 1967. Between 1968 and 1977, Alpina cars did very well in competition. The highlight was in 1970, when the team's cars won the European Touring Car Championship, the German Hillclimb Championship, rally and track racing championships, and the prestigious Spa 24 Hours.

Alpina officially withdrew from racing in 1988 because of capacity limitations and restrictions. Tied to this was the decision to begin production of a new set of BMW Alpina automobiles.[6]

## Brand distinctions

Since 1983, Alpina has been recognized by the German Federal Ministry of Transport as an automobile manufacturer,[5] thus Alpina-built cars are branded and registered as Alpina instead of BMW, although an Alpina can be serviced at all BMW dealerships, and is fully covered if a warranty issue arises. Alpina automobiles are also sold at some BMW dealerships.

Distinctive features of Alpina vehicles are the fact that these models are literally "manu-factured", meaning "hand-made". The production process switches between fine tuning the engine, delivering it to the BMW plant, marrying engine and body there, and bringing it back to Alpina for interior upgrade with Alpina's specific components, again all in a hand-made process that allows only limited production numbers. Besides engine and interior, Alpina also optimizes the transmission and installs steering wheel-mounted button shifters (called Switch-Tronic) on most cars, with paddle shifters used on the B4 S Edition 99. This has historic reasons, since Alpina was the first to mount shifting buttons on the steering wheel.[7] Distinguishing marks from the exterior are the 20-spoke alloy wheels with hidden valves under the center cap and the "Alpina Blue" or "Alpina Green" metallic exterior colours. Inside, "the finest materials are used to fabricate the exclusive feel". A typical blue and green pattern is often used on interior parts such as stitching on leather. A thin, pinstriped style outside body decor set in gold or silver is also a hallmark of older Alpina cars which is an option on new Alpina models. Another distinguishing mark is the Alpina wordmark at the bottom of the car's front, a design heralded from its racing cars. A metal plate inside also proves the heritage and the serial number of the car.

Compared to cars from BMW's in-house performance subsidiary, BMW M, Alpina's vehicles have more emphasis on Touring, higher torque, and have their own Alpina-style shiftable ZF automatic transmissions instead of manual or semi-automatic transmissions.[8] For instance, regarding the high performance variants of the BMW E60 5 Series, the B5 offers a different take on performance and how to accomplish it. Unlike BMW M's own M5 which has a naturally aspirated, high-revving 5.0L V10, the Alpina B5 uses a supercharged 4.4L V8 which produces similar horsepower and greater torque at lower rpm.

## Current lineup

Alpina B5 BiTurbo Touring Alpina XD4

* Alpina D3 Bi-Turbo Saloon/Touring: based on the BMW F30/F31 3 Series - featuring a 3.0-litre straight-six bi-turbocharged diesel engine, delivering 350 PS (257 kW; 345 hp) / 700 N⋅m (516 lb⋅ft)[9]
* Alpina B3 S Bi-Turbo Saloon/Touring: based on the BMW F30/F31 3 Series - featuring a 3.0-litre straight-six bi-turbocharged petrol engine, delivering 440 PS (324 kW; 434 hp) / 660 N⋅m (487 lb⋅ft)[10]
* Alpina XD3: based on the BMW G01 X3 - featuring a 3.0-litre straight-six diesel engine:
* a quad-turbocharged version delivering 388 PS (285 kW; 383 hp) / 770 N⋅m (568 lb⋅ft) (left-hand drive)
* a bi-turbocharged version delivering 333 PS (245 kW; 328 hp) / 700 N⋅m (516 lb⋅ft) (right-hand drive)
* Alpina D4 Bi-Turbo Coupé/Convertible: based on the BMW F32/F33 4 Series - featuring a 3.0-litre straight-six bi-turbo diesel engine, delivering 350 PS (257 kW; 345 hp) / 700 N⋅m (516 lb⋅ft)[11]
* Alpina B4 S Bi-Turbo Coupé/Convertible: based on the BMW F32/F33 4 Series - featuring a 3.0-litre straight-six bi-turbocharged engine, delivering 440 PS (324 kW; 434 hp) / 660 N⋅m (487 lb⋅ft)[12]
* Alpina B4 S Bi-Turbo Edition 99 Coupé/Convertible: based on the BMW F32/F33 4 Series - featuring a 3.0-litre straight-six bi-turbocharged engine, delivering 452 PS (332 kW; 446 hp) / 680 N⋅m (502 lb⋅ft)[13]
* Alpina XD4: based on the BMW G02 X4 - featuring a 3.0-litre quad-turbocharged straight-six diesel engine delivering 388 PS (285 kW; 383 hp) 770 N⋅m (568 lb⋅ft) (right-hand drive only)
* Alpina D5 S Saloon/Touring: based on the BMW G30/G31 5 Series - featuring a 3.0-litre straight-six bi-turbocharged diesel engine :
* delivering 388 PS (285 kW; 383 hp) / 800 N⋅m (590 lb⋅ft) (left-hand drive)
* delivering 326 PS (240 kW; 322 hp) / 700 N⋅m (516 lb⋅ft) (right-hand drive)
* Alpina B5 Saloon/Touring: based on the BMW G30/G31 5 Series - featuring a 4.4-litre V8 bi-turbocharged engine. 608 PS (447 kW; 600 hp) / 800 N⋅m (590 lb⋅ft)[14]
* Alpina B6 Bi-Turbo Coupé/Convertible/Gran Coupé: based on the BMW F06/F12/F13[15] 6 Series - featuring a 4.4 L V8 bi-turbo engine. 600 PS (441 kW; 592 hp) / 800 N⋅m (590 lb⋅ft)[16]
* Alpina B8 Gran Coupe: based on the BMW G16 8 Series - featuring a 4.4 L V8 bi-turbo engine. 630 PS (457 kW; 620 hp) / 800 N⋅m (590 lb⋅ft) [17]
* Alpina XB7: based on the BMW G07 X7 - featuring a 4.4 L V8 bi-turbo engine. 621 PS (457 kW; 612 hp) / 800 N⋅m (590 lb⋅ft)

### Alpina XD3

Alpina XD3 at Geneva Motorshow 2018

The Alpina XD3 made its debut at the 2018 Geneva Motor Show. The XD3 is fitted with an Alpina-modified version of BMW's B57 diesel inline-six engine. In the quad-turbo left-hand drive version, the engine outputs 388 PS (383 hp; 285 kW) and 770 N⋅m (568 lbf⋅ft), giving a 0–100 km/h (62 mph) time of 4.6 seconds and a top speed of 266 km/h (165 mph). In the bi-turbocharged right-hand drive version, the engine outputs 333 PS (328 hp; 245 kW) and 700 N⋅m (516 lbf⋅ft), giving it a 0–100 km/h (62 mph) time of 4.9 seconds and a top speed of 254 km/h (158 mph).

### Alpina XD4

The Alpina XD4 debuted at the 2018 Geneva Motor Show.[18] It is fitted with a modified version of the B57 diesel engine with four turbochargers,[19] and outputs 285 kW (382 hp) and 770 N⋅m (570 lbf⋅ft).[20] The XD4 is the fastest accelerating diesel-powered production SUV, and can accelerate from 0–100 km/h (62 mph) in 4.6 seconds, with a top speed of 268 km/h (167 mph).[21] It is available in left-hand drive markets only.[22]

### Alpina B3 Bi-Turbo

Main article: Engineering:BMW 3 Series (G20)

Alpina B3 S Touring (G21)

The F30 Alpina B3 Bi-Turbo was in production since March 2013. It is based on the BMW F30 335i with a bi-turbocharged 3.0 litre six cylinder. The 301 kW (409 PS; 404 hp) engine with 600 N⋅m (443 lb⋅ft) of torque accelerates the B3 from 0–100 km/h (62 mph) in 4.0 seconds. The top speed is 305 km/h (190 mph). The B3 Biturbo is available as a sedan or touring, both can be combined with xDrive four-wheel drive.

Alpina modified the exterior with front and rear spoilers and a quad-exit exhaust system.

In March 2017, Alpina revised the engine of the B3. It now produces 324 kW (441 PS; 434 hp).

A new model based on the G20 3 Series replaced the F30 model, it uses the S58 3.0 litre bi-turbo inline six engine producing 340 kW (462 PS; 456 hp) and 700 N⋅m (516 lb⋅ft) of torque, which is 150 N⋅m (111 lb⋅ft) more than the BMW M3, and 50 N⋅m (37 lb⋅ft) more than the BMW M3 Competition.

### Alpina D3 Bi-Turbo

Main article: Engineering:BMW 3 Series (G20)

The Alpina D3 Bi-Turbo was presented at IAA 2013. It is based on the BMW F30. It is available as a Saloon or Touring version with a 3.0-litre straight-six, bi-turbocharged diesel engine with 257 kW (349 PS; 345 hp) of Power and 700 N⋅m (516 lb⋅ft) of torque. The Touring is also available with all-wheel drive, based on BMW xDrive.[23]

### Alpina B4 Bi-Turbo

Main article: Engineering:Alpina B4

Launched in 2014, the B4 is based on the 435i. The N55 straight-six engine is modified by using twin-turbochargers, a sixty-one percent larger intercooler and a new crankshaft. The engine also utilises new pistons, all of these modifications allow the engine to generate 408 PS (300 kW; 402 hp) between 5,550 and 6,250 RPM and 601 N⋅m (443 lb⋅ft) between 3,000 and 4,000 RPM.

### Alpina B5 Bi-Turbo

Main article: Engineering:Alpina B5 (G30)

Alpina B5 Bi-Turbo Touring.

The Alpina B5 was introduced at the 2017 Geneva Motor Show in all-wheel drive Saloon or Touring versions.[24] The B5 features a 4.4-litre N63M30 V8 engine[25] that generates a maximum power output of 447 kW (608 PS; 599 hp) and 800 N⋅m (590 lb⋅ft) of torque.[26] Based on the N63B44O2 V8, it has uprated pistons,[27] new twin-scroll Garrett turbochargers[28] and new spark plugs by NGK. The B5 can accelerate from 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) in 3.5 seconds with a top speed of 330 km/h (205 mph) for the Saloon, and 325 km/h (202 mph) for the Touring, making it the fastest production estate car in production at that time.[29][additional citation(s) needed]

### Alpina D5 S

Main article: Engineering:Alpina B5 (G30)

Alpina D5 S Alpina D5 S interior

The Alpina D5 S debuted at the 2017 Frankfurt Motor Show[30] in all-wheel drive only sedan and Touring variants. The D5 S uses a modified 3.0-liter B57D30 diesel inline-six engine. The engine has three turbochargers and produces 285 kW (387 PS; 382 hp) and 800 N⋅m (590 lb⋅ft) of torque in left-hand drive markets, whereas it has two turbochargers and produces 240 kW (326 PS; 322 hp) and 700 N⋅m (516 lb⋅ft) of torque in right-hand drive markets.[31] The left-hand drive D5 S saloon has a top speed of 286 km/h (178 mph) and a 0–100 km/h (62 mph) acceleration time of 4.4 seconds.[32] Alpina claims it is the fastest diesel-powered production car in the world.[33] The right-hand drive, saloon-only version has a 0–100 km/h (62 mph) acceleration time of 4.9 seconds and a top speed of 275 km/h (171 mph).[34]

### Alpina B6 Gran Coupé

Main article: Engineering:Alpina B6 (F12)

Alpina B6 Gran Coupé at the Tokyo Motor Show in 2015.

The Alpina B6 Gran Coupé xDrive was launched in 2014. This model is conceived by Alpina and based on the 650i. This model is sold by BMW only in the United States and in Canada (but Alpina also independently offers it in other countries). The Alpina B6 Gran Coupé 2015 model shares the 540 hp (403 kW; 547 PS), 730 N⋅m (538 lb⋅ft) 4.4-litre twin-turbo V8 of the Alpina B5 BiTurbo and B6 BiTurbo coupé which are not sold in North America. The 2016-2019 model produces 600 hp (447 kW; 608 PS) and 590 lb⋅ft (800 N⋅m) of torque. Specification includes a more luxurious interior, 20-inch Alpina light-alloy wheels, aerodynamic elements and exclusive Alpina trims and paints. The Alpina B6 can go from 0–100 km/h (62 mph) in 3.9 (3.8 for the 2016-2019 model) seconds and has a top speed of 318 km/h (198 mph). (324 km/h or 202 mph for the 2016-2019 model)[35]

### Alpina B7

Main article: Engineering:Alpina B7 (G12)

The Alpina B7 is one of the two Alpina cars offered in the US and Canada, the other one being the Alpina B6.[36] The B7 is produced at the same assembly line in Dingolfing, Germany, along with BMW's own 7 Series. It can be equipped identically to a normal M760Li. However, an exclusive Alpina Green finish is available.[37]

BMW permitted Alpina to produce a high-performance version of its flagship 7 Series, however they did not want it to be a high-revving, BMW M version (which would have been known as a "BMW M7" under the current nomenclature). It has also been suggested that there was no market for an M7 that would have featured the BMW M's trademark high-rev engine and twin-clutch automated manual transmission, and most customers who desired a performance option in the 7 Series would have gone for the V12-engined BMW 760Li.[38]

Competitors include the Mercedes-Benz S63 AMG and Audi S8.[39]

Alpina B7 xDrive
Alpina B7 Bi-Turbo Alpina B7 (post-facelift)

The Alpina B7 xDrive was announced by BMW North America on 8 February 2016 with sales starting in September 2016. With an electronically limited top speed of 310 km/h (193 mph) and a 0–100 km/h (62 mph) acceleration time of 3.7 seconds along with a sportier setup, it is the sportiest 7 Series[40] but is sold by BMW only in the United States and Canada.[41] The B7 is sold in other countries by Alpina as the B7 Bi-Turbo, with a delimited top speed of 330 km/h (205 mph).

The Alpina B7 features a 447 kW (608 PS; 599 hp) 4.4 litre twin-turbocharged V8 engine delivering 800 N⋅m (590 lb⋅ft) of torque and a more luxurious interior. It was unveiled at the 2016 Geneva Motor Show.

The face-lifted model, unveiled in February 2019, has an improved power band which allows better performance, with a 0–100 km/h (62 mph) acceleration time of 3.6 seconds. The top speed of 330 km/h (205 mph) is now delimited worldwide.[42]

## Previous models

### Petrol-engine

Alpina Previous Models (Petrol engines)[43][44] Alpina model  | BMW donor model  | Alpina Engine  | Power at rpm  | Torque at rpm  | Production

|
|
|
|
|

A1/3  | E21 320  | A1/3  | 90 kW (122 PS; 121 bhp) at 5,800  | 170 N⋅m (125 ft⋅lbf) at 4,000  | 1975–1977
A2/3  | E21 320  | A2/3  | 112 kW (152 PS; 150 bhp) at 6,900  | 173 N⋅m (128 ft⋅lbf) at 5,500  | 1975–1977
A4/3  | E21 320i  | A4/3  | 119 kW (162 PS; 160 bhp) at 6,700  | 180 N⋅m (133 ft⋅lbf) at 5,500  | 1976–1977
A4S/3  | E21 320i  | A4S/3  | 125 kW (170 PS; 168 bhp) at 6,700  | 180 N⋅m (133 ft⋅lbf) at 5,500  | 1976–1977
C1 2.3  | E21 323i  | C1  | 125 kW (170 PS; 168 bhp) at 6,000  | 210 N⋅m (155 ft⋅lbf) at 4,500  | 1980–1983
B6 2.8  | E21 323i  | B6  | 147 kW (200 PS; 197 bhp) at 6,200  | 248 N⋅m (183 ft⋅lbf) at 4,500  | 1978–1981
B6 2.8  | E21 323i  | B6  | 160 kW (218 PS; 215 bhp) at 6,000  | 265 N⋅m (195 ft⋅lbf) at 5,000  | 1981–1983
C1 2.3 / 1  | E30 323i  | C1/1  | 125 kW (170 PS; 168 bhp) at 6,000  | 225 N⋅m (166 ft⋅lbf) at 5,000  | 1983–1985
C2 2.5  | E30 325i  | C2  | 136 kW (185 PS; 182 bhp) at 5,800  | 246 N⋅m (181 ft⋅lbf) at 4,800  | 1985-1986
C1 2.5  | E30 325i  | C2/3  | 140 kW (190 PS; 188 bhp) at 5,800  | 235 N⋅m (173 ft⋅lbf) at 5,000  | 1986–1987
C2 2.7  | E30 325i  | C2/1  | 154 kW (209 PS; 207 bhp) at 5,800  | 267 N⋅m (197 ft⋅lbf) at 4,500  | 1986–1987
C2 2.7  | E30 325i  | C2/2  | 149 kW (203 PS; 200 bhp) at 6,000  | 265 N⋅m (195 ft⋅lbf) at 4,800  | 1987-1987
B3 2.7  | E30 325i  | C2/2  | 150 kW (204 PS; 201 bhp) at 6,000  | 265 N⋅m (195 ft⋅lbf) at 4,800  | 1987–1992
B6 2.8 / 1  | E30 323i/325i  | B6/2  | 154 kW (209 PS; 207 bhp) at 6,100  | 270 N⋅m (199 ft⋅lbf) at 5,000  | 1984–1986
B6 3.5  | E30 323i/325i  | B10/2  | 192 kW (261 PS; 257 bhp) at 6,000  | 346 N⋅m (255 ft⋅lbf) at 4,000  | 1985–1987
B6 3.5  | E30 325i  | B10/3  | 187 kW (254 PS; 251 bhp) at 5,900  | 320 N⋅m (236 ft⋅lbf) at 4,000  | 1986–1987
B6 3.5  | E30 325i  | B10/5  | 187 kW (254 PS; 251 bhp) at 5,900  | 320 N⋅m (236 ft⋅lbf) at 4,000  | 1987–1990
B6 3.5 S  | E30 M3  | B10/5  | 187 kW (254 PS; 251 bhp) at 5,900  | 320 N⋅m (236 ft⋅lbf) at 4,000  | 1987–1990
B6 2.8  | E36 325i  | E1  | 177 kW (241 PS; 237 bhp) at 5,900  | 293 N⋅m (216 ft⋅lbf) at 4,700  | 1992–1993
B3 3.0  | E36 325i  | E3  | 184 kW (250 PS; 247 bhp) at 5,700  | 320 N⋅m (236 ft⋅lbf) at 4,400  | 1993–1996
B3 3.2  | E36 328i  | E4  | 195 kW (265 PS; 261 bhp) at 5,800  | 330 N⋅m (243 ft⋅lbf) at 4,400  | 1996–1999
B8 4.6  | E36 328i  | F2/1  | 245 kW (333 PS; 329 bhp) at 5,700  | 470 N⋅m (347 ft⋅lbf) at 3,900  | 1995–1998
B3 3.3  | E46 328i  | E4/4  | 206 kW (280 PS; 276 bhp) at 6,200  | 335 N⋅m (247 ft⋅lbf) at 4,500  | 1999–2002
B3 3.3 ALLRAD  | E46 330ix  | E4/8  | 206 kW (280 PS; 276 bhp) at 6,200  | 335 N⋅m (247 ft⋅lbf) at 4,500  | 2001–2005
B3 S  | E46 330i  | E5/1  | 224 kW (305 PS; 300 bhp) at 6,300  | 362 N⋅m (267 ft⋅lbf) at 4,800  | 2002–2006
B3 Bi-Turbo | E90/E91/E92/E93 335i  | K2  | 265 kW (360 PS; 355 bhp) at 5,500  | 500 N⋅m (369 ft⋅lbf) at 3,800  | 2007–2010
B3 Bi-Turbo Allrad | E90/E91/E92 335xi  | K2  | 265 kW (360 PS; 355 bhp) at 5,500  | 500 N⋅m (369 ft⋅lbf) at 3,800  | 2008–2010
B7 Turbo  | E12 528i  | B7  | 221 kW (300 PS; 296 bhp) at 6,000  | 462 N⋅m (341 ft⋅lbf) at 3,000  | 1978–1982
B7 S Turbo  | E12 528i  | B7S  | 243 kW (330 PS; 326 bhp) at 5,800  | 500 N⋅m (369 ft⋅lbf) at 3,000  | 1981–1982
B9 3.5  | E28 528i  | B9  | 180 kW (245 PS; 241 bhp) at 5,700  | 320 N⋅m (236 ft⋅lbf) at 4,000  | 1981–1983
B9 3.5 / 1  | E28 528i  | B9/1  | 180 kW (245 PS; 241 bhp) at 5,700  | 320 N⋅m (236 ft⋅lbf) at 4,000  | 1983–1985
B7 Turbo / 1  | E28 528i/535i  | B7/1  | 221 kW (300 PS; 296 bhp) at 5,800  | 501 N⋅m (370 ft⋅lbf) at 3,000  | 1984–1987
B10 3.5  | E28 535i  | B10  | 192 kW (261 PS; 257 bhp) at 5,800  | 346 N⋅m (255 ft⋅lbf) at 4,000  | 1985–1987
B7 Turbo / 1  | E28 535i  | B7/3  | 235 kW (320 PS; 315 bhp) at 5,700  | 520 N⋅m (384 ft⋅lbf) at 2,400  | 1986–1987
B10 3.5 / 1  | E34 535i  | B11/3  | 187 kW (254 PS; 251 bhp) at 6,000  | 325 N⋅m (240 ft⋅lbf) at 4,000  | 1988–1992
B10 Bi-Turbo | E34 535i  | B7/5  | 265 kW (360 PS; 355 bhp) at 6,000  | 520 N⋅m (384 ft⋅lbf) at 4,000  | 1989–1994
B10 3.0 ALLRAD  | E34 525ix  | E3/1  | 170 kW (231 PS; 228 bhp) at 5,800  | 312 N⋅m (230 ft⋅lbf) at 4,200  | 1993–1996
B10 4.0  | E34 540i  | F1  | 232 kW (315 PS; 311 bhp) at 5,800  | 410 N⋅m (302 ft⋅lbf) at 4,600  | 1993–1996
B10 4.6  | E34 540i  | F2  | 250 kW (340 PS; 335 bhp) at 5,700  | 480 N⋅m (354 ft⋅lbf) at 3,900  | 1994–1996
B10 3.2  | E39 528i  | E4/3  | 191 kW (260 PS; 256 bhp) at 5,900  | 330 N⋅m (243 ft⋅lbf) at 4,300  | 1997–1998
B10 3.3  | E39 528i  | E4/5  | 206 kW (280 PS; 276 bhp) at 6,200  | 335 N⋅m (247 ft⋅lbf) at 4,500  | 1999–2003
B10 V8  | E39 540i  | F3  | 250 kW (340 PS; 335 bhp) at 5,700  | 470 N⋅m (347 ft⋅lbf) at 3,900  | 1997–1998
B10 V8  | E39 540i  | F4  | 255 kW (347 PS; 342 bhp) at 5,700  | 480 N⋅m (354 ft⋅lbf) at 3,700  | 1998–2002
B10 V8 S  | E39 540i  | F5  | 276 kW (375 PS; 370 bhp) at 5,800  | 510 N⋅m (376 ft⋅lbf) at 3,800  | 2002–2004
B5 | E60/E61 545i  | H1  | 368 kW (500 PS; 493 bhp) at 5,500  | 700 N⋅m (516 ft⋅lbf) at 4,250  | 2005–2007
B5S | E60/E61 550i  | H2  | 390 kW (530 PS; 523 bhp) at 5,500  | 725 N⋅m (535 ft⋅lbf) at 4,750  | 2007–2010
B7 Turbo Coupé  | E24 630CSi  | B7  | 221 kW (300 PS; 296 bhp) at 6,000  | 462 N⋅m (341 ft⋅lbf) at 2,500  | 1978–1982
B7 S Turbo Coupé  | E24 635CSi  | B7S  | 243 kW (330 PS; 326 bhp) at 5,800  | 500 N⋅m (369 ft⋅lbf) at 3,000  | 1982-1982
B9 3.5 Coupé  | E24 635CSi  | B9  | 180 kW (245 PS; 241 bhp) at 5,700  | 320 N⋅m (236 ft⋅lbf) at 4,000  | 1982-1982
B9 3.5 Coupé / 1  | E24 635CSi  | B9/1  | 180 kW (245 PS; 241 bhp) at 5,700  | 320 N⋅m (236 ft⋅lbf) at 4,000  | 1982–1985
B7 Turbo Coupé / 1  | E24 635CSi  | B7/2  | 243 kW (330 PS; 326 bhp) at 5,700  | 512 N⋅m (378 ft⋅lbf) at 2,400  | 1984–1987
B10 3.5 Coupé  | E24 635CSi  | B10  | 192 kW (261 PS; 257 bhp) at 6,000  | 346 N⋅m (255 ft⋅lbf) at 4,000  | 1985–1987
B7 Turbo Coupé / 1  | E24 635CSi  | B7/3  | 235 kW (320 PS; 315 bhp) at 5,700  | 520 N⋅m (384 ft⋅lbf) at 2,400  | 1986–1988
B6 | E63/E64 650i  | H1  | 368 kW (500 PS; 493 bhp) at 5,500  | 700 N⋅m (516 ft⋅lbf) at 4,250  | 2006–2008
B11 3.5  | E32 735i  | B11  | 184 kW (250 PS; 247 bhp) at 5,700  | 330 N⋅m (243 ft⋅lbf) at 4,000  | 1987-1987
B11 3.5  | E32 735i  | B11/1  | 176 kW (239 PS; 236 bhp) at 5,700  | 310 N⋅m (229 ft⋅lbf) at 4,500  | 1987-1987
B11 3.5  | E32 735i  | B11/3  | 187 kW (254 PS; 251 bhp) at 6,000  | 325 N⋅m (240 ft⋅lbf) at 4,000  | 1987–1993
B11 4.0  | E32 740i  | F1  | 232 kW (315 PS; 311 bhp) at 5,800  | 410 N⋅m (302 ft⋅lbf) at 4,600  | 1993–1994
B12 5.0  | E32 750i  | D1  | 257 kW (350 PS; 345 bhp) at 5,300  | 470 N⋅m (347 ft⋅lbf) at 4,000  | 1988–1994
B12 5.7 E-KAT  | E38 750i  | D3  | 285 kW (387 PS; 382 bhp) at 5,200  | 560 N⋅m (413 ft⋅lbf) at 4,100  | 1995–1998
B12 6.0 E-KAT  | E38 750i  | D3/2  | 316 kW (430 PS; 424 bhp) at 5,400  | 600 N⋅m (443 ft⋅lbf) at 4,200  | 1999–2001
B7 | E65/E66 745i  | H1  | 368 kW (500 PS; 493 bhp) at 5,500  | 700 N⋅m (516 ft⋅lbf) at 4,250  | 2003–2008
B12 5.0 Coupé  | E31 850i/850Ci  | D1/1  | 257 kW (350 PS; 345 bhp) at 5,300  | 470 N⋅m (347 ft⋅lbf) at 4,000  | 1990–1994
B12 5.7 Coupé  | E31 850CSi  | D2  | 306 kW (416 PS; 410 bhp) at 5,400  | 570 N⋅m (420 ft⋅lbf) at 4,000  | 1992–1996
Roadster Limited Edition  | Z1 | C2/6  | 147 kW (200 PS; 197 bhp) at 6,000  | 261 N⋅m (193 ft⋅lbf) at 4,900  | 1990–1991
Roadster V8  | E52 Z8  | F5  | 280 kW (381 PS; 375 bhp) at 5,800  | 520 N⋅m (384 ft⋅lbf) at 3,800  | 2002–2003
Roadster S | E85 Z4  | E5/2  | 221 kW (300 PS; 296 bhp) at 6,300  | 362 N⋅m (267 ft⋅lbf) at 4,800  | 2003–2005

### Diesel-engine

Alpina Previous Models (Diesel engines)  Alpina model  | BMW donor model  | Alpina Engine  | Power at rpm  | Torque at rpm  | Production

|
|
|
|
|

D10 BITURBO  | E39 530d  | G1  | 180 kW (245 PS; 241 bhp) at 4,200  | 500 N⋅m (369 ft⋅lbf) at 3,500  | 2000–2003
D3  | E90/E91 320d  | M47  | 147 kW (200 PS; 197 bhp) at 4,000  | 410 N⋅m (302 ft⋅lbf) at 2,000  | 2005–2008
D3 Bi-Turbo[45] | E90/E91/E92 3 series (engine from BMW 123d)  | N1  | 157 kW (213 PS; 211 bhp) at  | 450 N⋅m (332 ft⋅lbf) at 2,000-2,500  | 2008-2013

Alpina XD3 Bi-Turbo: based on the BMW F25 X3 - featuring a 3 L straight-six bi-turbo Diesel engine, delivering 350 PS (257 kW; 345 hp) and 700 N⋅m (516 lb⋅ft).[46]

## 3 Series based Alpinas

### Alpina C1

Alpina C1

The Alpina C1 was based on the E21 323i and was among their most popular early models, providing superior performance over the unmodified car. The C1 2.3 made 125 kW (168 hp) and 225 N⋅m (166 lb⋅ft) of torque. 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) is achieved in 7.8 seconds. Top speed was 213 km/h (132 mph).[47] The extra power is due to special Mahle pistons, and a special exhaust and ignition system. It also received dry-sump lubrication and a short-ratio five-speed gearbox.[47] Only 35 C1 cars were built, making it one of the rarest Alpina models. As BMW released the 325i, Alpina responded with the C2 2.5, and later the 2.7 models, providing between 190–210 hp (142–157 kW). The brakes and suspension were also upgraded.

The C1 2.5 and early C2 / 2.6* models used the M20B23 (2.3L) engine, but bore and stroke were increased to achieve a displacement of 2552 cm3. Alpina reworked the head which was ported and polished, installed harder valve springs and a hotter cam. The intake manifold was also reworked, and Alpina used a larger throttle body. It produced 136 kW (182 hp), with 246 N⋅m (181 lb⋅ft) of torque. Alpina claimed 0–100 km/h (62 mph) acceleration in 7.1 seconds. Top speed was 220 km/h (137 mph). Production is unclear, with estimates ranging from 35 cars built to around 400 depending on the source.[48]

### Alpina C2

Alpina C2 2.7 Allrad, based on the all-wheel drive BMW 325ix

An interesting variant of the M20 engine was Alpina's C2. The first C2 combined the wider bore of the M20B25 with the slightly larger 76.8 mm (3.02 in) crankshaft of an M20B23, to create a torquier engine of 2552 cc. This version put out 185 PS (136 kW; 182 hp) and 265 N⋅m (195 lb⋅ft), 74 units were built between 1985 and November 1986.[49][50] After the C2 2.7 appeared in the spring of 1986, the 2.5 was slightly upgraded and gained 5 horsepower. However, to indicate its "little brother" position in the lineup, the name was changed to C1 2.5. When the September 1987 facelift model of the E30 was introduced, the 2.5 litre C1 was discontinued, although a few cars were finished into 1988.

Alpina C2 2.7 Cabriolet

The larger yet 2.7 litre unit was introduced in February 1986 in uncatalyzed C2/1 form.[50] This engine, sharing the dimensions of the M20B27, develops 210 PS (154 kW; 207 hp) at 5800 rpm and shows what the engine was really capable of.[51] Originally installed in the E30-based Alpina C2 2.7, with available four-wheel drive, the catalyzed C2/2 appeared in the interim C2 2.7 Kat in March 1987. This was then renamed "B3 2.7" five months later, by which time the "C2" labelled cars were discontinued. The B3 2.7 continued to be available until June 1992, in all body variants and drivetrain configurations (excepting automatics) in which the E30 was offered.[50] Around 1986, 67 "B6 2.7"-labelled C2-engined E30s were built for export to Japan, where the larger 3.0 L B6 3.5 had a hard time passing emissions regulations. Aside from the C2 drivetrain, the B6 2.7 is cosmetically identical to the B6 3.5.[52]

Later C2 2.5 models (C2 /3 2.5) were based on the 325i. Alpina used the M20B25 engine with very few modifications compared to earlier models. Again the cylinder head was decked to increase compression ratio, and it was ported and polished. The ECU was also remapped. Max power is 140 kW (188 hp), with 235 N⋅m (173 lb⋅ft) of torque. 0–100 km/h (62 mph) was achieved in 7.2 seconds. Top speed is 220 km/h (137 mph). Only 50 cars were built. The C2 /1 2.7 used the 325e eta model engine block, crank and rods, but with custom flat head pistons provided by Mahle. Originally Alpina modified the "200" casting number cylinder head specific to the 325e with bigger intake valves, larger air intake ports, and redesigned the valve chamber for better flow. A more aggressive camshaft was used, with higher lift and duration, and harder valve springs were installed. Compression ratio was increased to 10.2:1. The C2/1 2.7 made 210 bhp (157 kW) with 267 N⋅m (197 lb⋅ft) of torque and was the fastest E30 available at the time (227 km/h (141 mph) top speed). 108 cars were built.{{Citation needed|date=November 2018 Later C2 /2 2.7 (and early 1987 B3 2.7) used the M20B25 block with ETA (325e) crank and rods. The intake manifold was also redesigned for better flow. The head was decked to improve compression ratio (10.1:1 for models with the 731 head, 9.6:1 for later "885" head models with catalytic converter) and matched with custom pistons - flat Mahle pistons for engines equipped with the 731 head, and domed KS pistons for engines equipped with the 885 head. Larger throttle bodies were installed (the C2/2 version uses the same throttle body as the M20B25 325i). A total of 309 cars were built between 1986 and 1987. The C2/2 2.7 makes 204 bhp (152 kW) and 266 N⋅m (196 lb⋅ft) of torque. Top speed is 224 km/h (139 mph) and 0–100 km/h (62 mph) is achieved in 7.5 seconds.

The B3 2.7 is similar to late C2/2 2.7 cars. It uses the M20B25 block with M20B27 crank and custom rods. The 885 head is exclusively used for the B3 model. The head is decked ~ 1 mm to improve CR to 9.6:1 and matched with custom domed KS or Mahle pistons. Intake and cylinder head are ported and polished. Custom ECU mapping is used. Engine management is Bosch Motronic 1.3. The B3 2.7 is equipped with a catalytic converter to conform to emission standard of the time. Performance numbers are similar to the later C2/2 2.7 cars. 254 cars were built from 1987 to 1992.

Alpina B6 2.8

### Alpina B6

Alpina B6 3.5

The Alpina B6 2.8 is based on the 323i, but uses the same B6/2 engine used in the B6 E21. The car makes 210 bhp (157 kW) and 270 N⋅m (199 lb⋅ft) of torque. Top speed is 230 km/h (143 mph). 0–100 km/h (62 mph) is achieved in 7.2 seconds. 533 cars were made from 1983 to 1986.[53]

The Alpina B6 3.5 is based on the 325i chassis, but uses the M30 "big six" 3430 cm3 engine, upgraded to 261 bhp (195 kW) and 346 N⋅m (255 lb⋅ft) of torque. 0–100 km/h (62 mph) is achieved in 6.4 seconds. The engine uses custom Mahle pistons and rods. The cylinder head was ported and polished, and a hotter cam was used. Top speed is 250 km/h (155 mph). Suspension and brakes were upgraded. Bigger ventilated disks and progressive springs were installed at the front. Only 210 cars were made from 1986 to 1990. The B6 3.5 was sold in Japan as the B6 2.7 and used the 2.7 L engine from the Alpina C2 as the larger 3.0 L engine was unable to pass emissions.[54]

The Alpina B6 3.5 S uses the M3 chassis. The 3.5 S, like the 3.5, uses the B10/2 M30 "big six" which makes 261 bhp (195 kW) and 346 N⋅m (255 lb⋅ft) of torque. Displacement is 3430 cm3. 0–100 km/h (62 mph) is achieved in 6.4 seconds. Top speed is 250 km/h (155 mph). The gearbox used is the Getrag 260/6 sport, known as a dog-leg gearbox. Only 62 cars were made from 1987 to 1990.[55]

The E30 BMW 333i was developed by Alpina for BMW South Africa. It was based on the 325i chassis and M30B32 engine, with numerous Alpina components common to the B6. Customers had to choose between power steering or air conditioning because of limited space in the engine bay.

### Alpina B3 GT3

Main article: Engineering:Alpina B3 (E90)

To celebrate Alpina's victory in the 2011 ADAC GT Masters with an Alpina B6 GT3, Alpina decided to produce a limited run of the Alpina B3 S Bi-Turbo, called the Alpina B3 GT3.[56] The B3 GT3 features a new exhaust system developed in collaboration with Akrapovič which is 11 kg (24 lb) lighter than the standard exhaust and increases power to 300 kW (408 PS; 402 bhp) and 398 lb⋅ft (540 N⋅m) of torque. It features upgraded brakes with 380 mm discs, a Drexler limited slip differential and fully adjustable coilovers by KW at all four corners.[57][58]

Alpina B6 3.5 S, based on the E30 M3

The most noticeable changes were on the exterior: The B3 GT3 sports a carbon fibre rear wing, a special front splitter and 19" lightweight Alpina GT3 Classic wheels, painted in Himalaya Grey. The B3 GT3 was available in Black Sapphire metallic, Mineral White metallic, Alpina Blue metallic or with a full body vinyl wrap in the official GT3 design. The car could be ordered with an extra set of lightweight wheels (also 19" Alpina GT3 Classic, but equipped with Michelin Pilot Sport Cup+ tires) for use on the track.

Only 99 units were produced.[57]

## 5 Series based Alpinas

File:1976 BMW Alpina B2.jpg1976 B2

### E12 B2

The Alpina B2 is based on the 1976 BMW 5 Series (E12) 528i. The car featured a bored-out 230 hp (233 PS; 172 kW) 3.0-liter straight-six fitted with three double barrel carburetors.[59] Only eleven B2 were built before the introduction of the B7.[60]

### E12 B7 Turbo / B7 S Turbo

File:BMW E12 B7 S turbo.jpgE12 B7 S Turbo

The Alpina B7 Turbo is based on the BMW 5 Series (E12) 528i like its predecessor the B2. From 1978 to 1982 it featured a B7 engine with 221 kW (300 PS; 296 bhp) at 6,000 rpm and 462 N⋅m (341 ft⋅lbf) at 3,000 rpm. In 1981, Alpina introduced the B7 S Turbo with 243 kW (330 PS; 326 bhp) at 5,800 rpm and 500 N⋅m (369 ft⋅lbf) at 3,000 rpm. Only sixty B7 S Turbos were produced.[61][62]

### E28 B9

Alpina B9, based on the BMW E28

The Alpina B9 was built in a small series from November 1981 to December 1985 on the basis of the BMW E28. About 500 examples were produced.[63]

#### Changes

The B9 is based on the 528i, whose M30-2.8-litre BMW engine was replaced by a 3.45-litre. Alpina tuned engine. The motor is based on the 3.5-liter version of the M30, but has been extensively modified. Alpina replaced the cylinder head, pistons, camshaft and modified the Bosch Motronic ECU. The engine transmits its power to the rear wheels via a 5-speed gearbox, an automatic transmission was also available. The suspension of the E28 has been modified with Bilstein gas dampers, as standard the B9 was delivered with 16-inch wheels (see picture). Alpina also modified the interior with among other things, Recaro seats, a new shifter and a modified instrument cluster.[63]

#### Technical specifications

| B9 3.5  | B9 3.5 / 1

|
|

Production period  | 11/1981 – 08/1983  | 01/1983 – 12/1985
Motor type  | B9
Design  | Inline-six
Displacement  | 3453 cm3 | 3430 cm3
Power  | 180 kW (245 PS; 241 hp) at 5,700 rpm
Torque  | 320 N⋅m (236 ft⋅lbf) at 4,500 rpm
Acceleration 0–100 km/h (62 mph)  | 6.7 s
Top speed  | 240 km/h (149 mph)
Source  | [64]

### E28 B10

In 1985, Alpina launched the B10 3.5, based on the BMW 535i (E28).

The 3.5 liter six-cylinder engine from the B6 3.5 was fitted to replace the B9's 3.45 liter. The output was 192 kW (261 PS; 257 hp). Only 77 examples of the B10 3.5 were produced.

#### Technical specifications

Model  | B10 3,5[65]

|

Platform  | BMW 535i E28
Production period  | 7/1985–12/1987
Displacement  | 3430 cm3
Engine architecture  | Inline-six
Power  | 192 kW (261 PS; 257 hp) at 5,700 rpm
Torque  | 346 N⋅m (255 lb⋅ft) at 4,000 rpm
Transmission  | 5-speed manual transmission, or a 4-speed automatic transmission (optional)
Acceleration,
0–100 km/h (62 mph)  | 6.4 s
Top speed  | 250 km/h (155 mph) (automatic: 245 km/h (152 mph))
Production  | 77[66]

### E34 B10

Alpina B10

#### B10 3.5

The B10 3.5 was the first Alpina based on the BMW E34, With production beginning in April 1988 at launch it was the only available B10. The 3.5-liter BMW M30 inline-six cylinder engine of the BMW 535i was reworked with Mahle pistons, a modified cylinder-head, and a new camshaft increasing power from 155 kW (208 hp) to 187 kW (254 PS). In 1992 production was stopped after 572 cars were made.[67]

#### B10 4.0

In 1993 the BMW M30 ended production forcing Alpina to discontinue the B10 3.5 and B10 BiTurbo. In April 1993 Alpina launched their replacement, the first B10 with an eight-cylinder engine. The BMW M60 engine of the BMW 540i was modified with higher-compression Mahle pistons and a modified air intake. Power was increased from 210 kW (286 PS) to 232 kW (311 hp). 49 examples were built.[68]

#### B10 3.0 Allrad

The B10 3.0 Allrad was based on the all-wheel drive BMW 525ix, launched in October 1993. The displacement of the six-cylinder single-VANOS and four-valve engine was increased from 2.5 liters to 3.0 liters and the performance was increased from 141 kW (192 PS) to 170 kW (231 PS). 64 sedans and 70 tourings were produced.

#### B10 4.6

The B10 4.6 replaced the B10 biturbo from March 1994 onwards. The engine was a re-designed and enlarged V8 with a displacement of 4.6 liters, which was also used in the E36 Alpina B8 4.6 With 250 kW (340 PS), the power was only just below the B10 Bi-Turbo. 27 saloon cars were produced, and 19 Tourings - all were left hand drive except one right hand drive Touring.

#### Technical specifications

Model  | B10 3.5[69] | B10 Biturbo[69] | B10 3.0 Allrad / Touring[69] | B10 4.0 / Touring[69] | B10 4.6 / Touring[69]

|
|
|
|
|

Platform  | BMW 535i E34 | BMW 525ix E34 | BMW 540i E34
Production period  | 4/1988 – 12/1992 | 8/1989 – 3/1994 | 10/1993 – 5/1996 | 4/1993 – 8/1995 | 3/1994 – 4/1996
Displacement  | 3430 cm3 | 2997 cm3 | 3982 cm3 | 4619 cm3
Engine architecture  | Inline six | V8
Power  | 187 kW (254 PS; 251 hp) | 265 kW (360 PS; 355 hp) | 170 kW (231 PS; 228 hp) | 232 kW (315 PS; 311 hp) | 250 kW (340 PS; 335 hp)
Torque  | 325 N⋅m (240 ft⋅lbf) | 520 N⋅m (384 ft⋅lbf) | 312 N⋅m (230 ft⋅lbf) | 410 N⋅m (302 ft⋅lbf) | 480 N⋅m (354 ft⋅lbf)
Acceleration,
0–100 km/h (62 mph)  | 6.4 s | 5.6 s | 7.9 / 8.4 s | 6.5 / 6.7 s | 6.1 / 6.2 s
Top speed  | 250 km/h (155 mph) | over 290 km/h (180 mph) | 235 / 230 km/h (146 / 143 mph) | 268 / 263 km/h (167 / 163 mph) | over 275 / 270 km/h (171 / 168 mph)

### E34 B10 BiTurbo

File:BMW Alpina B10 Biturbo E34 (14258151472) (cropped).jpgAlpina B10 BiTurbo.

Main article: Engineering:Alpina B10 Bi-Turbo

The B10 BiTurbo is a high performance version of the BMW 5 Series E34. Beginning production in 1989, the B10 BiTurbo was based on the 535i and received several upgrades by Alpina, being the fastest production saloon in the world at the time of its introduction, as tested by Road & Track.[70] Production ended in 1994 with 507 examples produced, almost as many as the B10 3.5.

### E39 B10

Alpina B10 V8

The B10 was built as a sedan and touring based on the BMW E39 from January 1997 to May 2004.[71]

In February 2000, Alpina introduced the Alpina D10 Biturbo, the first six-cylinder diesel model produced by Alpina. The engine, a 3.0 litre twin turbocharged unit with 182 kW (247 PS) and 500 N⋅m (369 lb⋅ft) of torque, was based on the engine of the BMW 530d.[71] It was at the time the most powerful diesel saloon in the world. High-pressure common-rail injection technology (the famous Bosch CP3 high-pressure pump) has revolutionized the diesel industry.

#### Engines

The third generation of the B10 was built with both six-cylinder and V8 engines.

The six-cylinder engines with 3.2 and 3.3 liters displacement were based on the 528i and the 530i.[71] For the 3.3 liter engine the engine block was bored to increase displacement to 3298 cubic centimeters. The cylinder head was machined and a modified crankshaft was added, different pistons and camshafts were also used. A modified intake system enabled a higher rate of air flow, as well as a stainless steel exhaust system (Alpina-Bosal) with metal catalytic converters. The engine control unit was also completely revised, which increased the power to 206 kW (280 PS; 276 hp).[72]

The two V8 engines with 4.6 (B10 V8) and 4.8 liters (B10 V8S) come from the BMW 540i. Again, a larger displacement was achieved by boring the engine block, which, together with other modifications, increased the power to 250 kW (340 PS), then to 255 kW (347 PS) for the 4.6 liter engine,[73] and 276 kW (375 PS) through an increased stroke with the 4.8 liter engine.[74]

#### Suspension

The original suspension from the BMW E39 has been reworked for the B10. Changes include modified springs and tuned shock absorbers from Sachs that help lower the car.

#### Technical data

Model | Engine | Power | Torque | Years

|
|
|
|

B10 3.2 | BMW M52
I6 | 191 kW (260 PS; 256 hp)
at 5,900 rpm | 330 N⋅m (243 ft⋅lbf)
at 4,300 rpm | 8/1997–12/1998
B10 3.3 | BMW M52
I6 | 206 kW (280 PS; 276 hp)
at 6,200 rpm | 335 N⋅m (247 ft⋅lbf)
at 4,500 rpm | 2/1999–10/2003
B10 V8 | M62B46
V8 | 250 kW (340 PS; 335 hp) | 470 N⋅m (347 ft⋅lbf) | 1/1997–10/1998
B10 V8 | M62TUB46
V8 | 255 kW (347 PS; 342 hp) | 480 N⋅m (354 ft⋅lbf) | 10/1998–9/2002
B10 V8S | Alpina F5
V8 | 280 kW (381 PS; 375 hp) | 519 N⋅m (383 ft⋅lbf) | 1/2002–5/2004
D10 Biturbo | M57D30
I6 | 180 kW (245 PS; 241 hp) | 500 N⋅m (369 ft⋅lbf) | 4/2000–10/2003

### E60 B5

Main article: Engineering:Alpina B5 (E60)

The BMW E60 and the 4.4-liter BMW N62 engine from the 545i serve as the basis for the Alpina B5, which uses the same H1 supercharged engine as the E65 B7. Compared to the E60, the B5 has larger brakes, a new suspension with Electronic Damper Control, a stainless steel silencing system with polished double tailpipes and the typical Alpina changes to the interior and exterior.

The B5 was made from February 2005 to September 2007 and the B5 S was made from September 2007 to May 2010.

#### Drivetrain

The N62B44's output is increased by means of a centrifugal supercharger. The supercharger is made by the company ASA, and is also called "Turbessor" because it is able to combine the advantages of turbocharger and supercharger. At low speeds, it spontaneously responds as a conventional displacement compressor, but it can also immediately provide the thrust of a turbo. It also reaches speeds of more than 100,000 revolutions per minute. As compared to the 545i performance has increased from 245 kW (333 PS; 329 hp) to 368 kW (500 PS; 493 hp),[75] torque was increased from 450 N⋅m (332 ft⋅lbf) to 700 N⋅m (516 ft⋅lbf).[75] The power is transmitted to the rear wheels by means of a six-speed automatic transmission (6HP 26). As usual with Alpina, this was refined and has "Switch-Tronic".[76]

#### Technical data

Alpina B5  | Sedan | Touring

|
|

Displacement  | 4398 cm3
Compression ratio  | 9,0:1
Horsepower  | 368 kW (500 PS; 493 hp) at 5500–6000 rpm
Torque  | 700 N⋅m (516 ft⋅lbf) at 4250–4850 rpm
Transmission  | 6-speed automatic "Switch-Tronic"
Top speed  | 314 km/h (195 mph) | 310 km/h (193 mph)
Acceleration 0–100 km/h (62 mph)  | 4.7 s | 4.8 s
Empty weight  | 1,720 kg (3,792 lb) | 1,810 kg (3,990 lb)

#### Note

In 2005, an Alpina B5 Touring was tested by Auto, Motor und Sport on the Nardò Ring. The B5 reached a top speed of 319 km/h (198 mph).[77]

### Alpina B5 S

At the 2007 Frankfurt Motor Show (IIA), Alpina presented the revised B5 S. [78]

Alpina B5 S

#### Engine

The motor's combustion process was optimized by changing the camshaft. This resulted in a significantly lower exhaust gas temperature, which is the basis for the performance increase. The power of the 4.4-liter V8 was thus increased by 22 kW (30 PS; 30 hp) to 390 kW (530 PS; 523 hp). The torque increased by 25 N⋅m (18 ft⋅lbf) to 725 N⋅m (535 ft⋅lbf). The B5 S completes the sprint to 100 km/h (62 mph) in 4.6 seconds; The top speed increases to 317 km/h (197 mph).[75]

#### Transmission

One innovation is the ZF six-speed Sport-Switch-Tronic transmission. The switching time was reduced by 50% compared to the predecessor. The reaction time is 1/10 s. In manual mode, the driving feeling is similar to the shift dynamics of a dual clutch transmission.

#### Chassis

A further feature is the EDC suspension tuning with the company Sachs Race Engineering.

#### Technical data

Alpina B5S  | Sedan | Touring

|
|

Displacement  | 4398 cm3
Compression ratio  | 9,0:1
Horsepower  | 390 kW (530 PS; 523 hp) at 5500 rpm
Torque  | 725 N⋅m (535 ft⋅lbf) at 4750 rpm
Transmission  | 6-Speed Automatic "Switch-Tronic"
Top speed  | 317 km/h (197 mph) | 313 km/h (194 mph)
Acceleration 0–100 km/h (62 mph)  | 4.6 s | 4.7 s
Empty weight  | 1,720 kg (3,792 lb) | 1,810 kg (3,990 lb)

### F10 B5

Main article: Engineering:Alpina B5 (F10)

Alpina produced two variants based on the BMW 5 Series (F10), the petrol-engined B5 and diesel-engined D5.

#### B5 Bi-Turbo

Alpina B5 Bi-Turbo Touring

The B5 is based on the 550i and is powered by an Alpina-modified version of the BMW N63 twin-turbo V8 engine. The original B5, which was unveiled at the 2010 Goodwood Festival of Speed, produced 373 kW (507 PS) and 700 N⋅m (516 lb⋅ft). The transmission is an 8-speed automatic.[79]

Alpina unveiled an updated B5 at the 2012 Geneva Motor Show. Power had been uprated to 397 kW (540 PS) and torque to 730 N⋅m (538 lb⋅ft).[80] During 2015, Alpina sold the B5 Bi-Turbo Edition 50, which marked the company's 50th year in operation. The Edition 50 uses an upgraded engine which produces 441 kW (600 PS) and 800 N⋅m (590 lb⋅ft).[81] The standard B5 received this same engine for the B5's last year of production, 2016.[82][83][84]

#### D5 Bi-Turbo

The D5 Bi-Turbo is based on the 535d. It is powered by Alpina-modified version of the BMW N57 turbo straight-6 engine, which produces 257 kW (349 PS) and 700 N⋅m (516 lb⋅ft) of torque.[84]

### G30 B5

Main article: Engineering:Alpina B5 (G30)

The third generation B5 is based on the BMW 5 Series (G30), and is available in both saloon and wagon body styles.

## 7 Series based Alpinas

### E32 B11

### E32 B12

### E38 B12

Main article: Engineering:Alpina B12

File:Alpina B12 (E38) (16531947875) (cropped).jpgAlpina B12 6.0

Based on the BMW 750i and 750iL, Alpina released the B12 5.7 in 1995 and the B12 6.0 in 1999. In contrast to the cars they are based on, these models are not electronically limited to a top speed of 250 km/h (155 mph), but are able to reach top speeds of more than 280 km/h (174 mph) and 291 km/h (181 mph), respectively.[85] According to Alpina, the B12 5.7 was the world's first vehicle with an electrically heated metal catalyst as standard.[86] The B12 5.7 has a 5.7 litre V12 and the B12 6.0 has a 6.0 litre V12.

Model | Engine | Power[85] | Torque | Years[87] | Production[88]

|
|
|
|
|

B12 5.7 | V12 | 285 kW (387 PS; 382 hp) | 560 N⋅m (413 lb⋅ft) | 12/1995–08/1998  | 202
B12 6.0 | V12 | 316 kW (430 PS; 424 hp) | 600 N⋅m (443 lb⋅ft) | 07/1999–07/2001  | 94

### E65 B7

Main article: Engineering:Alpina B7 (E65)

File:2006 Alpina B7.jpg2006 Alpina B7, based on the E65 platform

For the E65 7 Series generation, the Alpina B7 was widely credited with being able to hold its own against top performing offerings from Mercedes (including AMG) such as the S600 and S63 AMG, Audi (particularly quattro's Audi S8), the Bentley Flying Spur, and Jaguar XJ Supercharged, while BMW's own top-of-the-line V12 760Li was considered uncompetitive.[89][additional citation(s) needed]

The E65 B7 uses a supercharged version of the 4.4-litre V8 found in the BMW 745i as the 750i and its 4.8-litre engine were not around when development began.[89] The 760Li's naturally aspirated 6.0-litre V12 was deemed too heavy to have a sporty offshoot.[8][90][91]

BMW of North America, LLC offered 800 Alpina B7s as limited edition models for 2007 and 2008, all of which quickly sold out.[92]

###  F01/F02 B7

Main article: Engineering:Alpina B7 (F01)

2013 Alpina B7, based on the F02 model BMW. Lightly facelifted for 2013.

The F01 B7 will be[needs update] offered again for the 2011 model year in the US, with approximately 500 vehicles (half of the annual production of the B7) with a choice of rear-wheel drive or all-wheel drive and/or a standard or long wheelbase (the B7, B7 L (long wheelbase), B7 xDrive (all-wheel drive), and B7 L xDrive), otherwise all configurations have the same equipment.[93][94] Roughly 80 models will be sold in Canada, all of the xDrive variety due to that country's winter weather.[38]

The B7's twin-turbo 4.4-litre V8 is assembled by hand at Alpina's facility in Buchloe, Germany, before being shipped to BMW for installation, and the assembled vehicle is then sent back to Alpina for finishing touches.[1][2] It is based upon BMW's N63 twin-turbo V8 but produces considerable more torque and horsepower, albeit with some turbo lag due to the larger turbos, yet more measured throttle mapping makes the B7 smoother than a stock BMW 750i.[95] The 2011 Alpina B7, with its twin-turbo 4.4-litre V8 engine and 6-speed automatic transmission, is less expensive and yet faster than its F01 stablemate, the 2010 BMW 760Li powered by a twin-turbo 6.0-litre V12 mated to an 8-speed automatic transmission. The B7's engine, derived from the BMW N63 that is found in the standard BMW lineup, matches the BMW 750i in fuel economy despite increased performance, plus its lighter weight than the 760Li's V12 engine gives the B7 considerably better weight distribution and handling than the 760Li.[1][2]

While BMW uses run-flat tires for its 7 Series, the B7 comes with non-reinforced tires with a tire repair kit for emergencies. By using conventional, softer-sidewalled tires, compared to the reinforced sidewalls of run-flats, Alpina engineers were able to stiffen the B7's suspension for better handling and still improve the ride quality over that of a stock BMW 750i.[38]

For the 2013 model year, the Alpina B7 received similar updates to the rest of the 7 Series lineup, including an 8-speed automatic transmission, while its engine adds Valvetronic and now produces 540 hp (403 kW; 547 PS) and 538 lb⋅ft (729 N⋅m), which is good for a 0–100 km/h (62 mph) time of 4.3 seconds and a top speed of 300 km/h (186 mph). Compared to BMW M's version of the 4.4L twin-turbo engine (such as found in the F10 M5), Alpina's engine has 20 hp (15 kW; 20 PS) less but more maximum torque which is also available at a lower rpm.[38]

In a comparison of the 2013 BMW 7 series and the Alpina B7, Motor Trend stated the B7 handled better than the BMW 760iL, but not as well as the 750iL.[96]

### G12 B7

Main article: Engineering:Alpina B7 (G12)

Alpina introduced the next generation of the B7, based on the G11/G12 BMW 7 Series, in 2016. It features a 4.4L twin-turbocharged V8, designated the N63M30, producing 608 hp (453 kW; 616 PS) and 590 lb⋅ft (800 N⋅m) of torque. The B7 can accelerate from 0-60 mph (97 km/h) in 3.6 seconds and reach a top speed of 205 mph (330 km/h).[97]

## 8 Series based Alpinas

### E31 B12

#### B12 5.0

Alpina B12 5.0

The B12 5.0 was built from 1990 to 1994 and is based on the BMW E31 850i. It is powered by an Alpina modified BMW M70 V12 (shared with the E32 B12 5.0) producing 257 kW (349 PS; 345 hp) and mated to an automatic transmission.

#### B12 5.7

File:1992 Alpina B12 5.7 FOS25.jpgAlpina B12 5.7

The B12 5.7 was available from 1992 and is based on the 850CSi. It is powered by an increased displacement version of the BMW S70 V12 with a modified intake, crankshaft. camshafts and a stainless steel exhaust system as well as a six speed manual gearbox with an optional system called Shift-Tronic that automatically actuates the clutch when shifting and allows the vehicle to creep in traffic,[98] 32 B12 5.7s were equipped with Shift-Tronic.[99] it produced 306 kW (416 PS; 410 hp). The carbon-fibre hood has cooling vents and a NACA duct.

### G16 B8

#### B8 Gran Coupé

Alpina B8 Gran Coupé

The Alpina B8 Gran Coupé was available in 2021 and is based on the BMW M850i and M8 Gran Coupé's respectively. Powered by an Alpina tuned version of BMW's N63 4.4L V8 Bi-Turbo, the B8 produces 630 PS (463 kW; 621 hp) and 800 N⋅m (590 lbf⋅ft) of torque. Alpina tuned suspension and handling provided drivers with a Comfort+ and Sport+ mode for ideal ride comfort and performance. The exterior sports Alpina Classic 21 inch wheels featuring 20 spokes per wheel, Alpina designed front and rear bumpers, and a choice of Alpina blue or green metallic paint. The interior features Alpina trim appointments, custom Alpina leather upholstery, and or BMW Individual trims and upholstery.[100]

#### Technical data

Model | Engine | Power | Torque | Years  | Production

|
|
|
|
|

B12 5.0 | V12 | 257 kW (349 PS; 345 hp) | 470 N⋅m (347 lb⋅ft) | 6/1990-5/1994  | 97
B12 5.7 | V12 | 306 kW (416 PS; 410 hp) | 570 N⋅m (420 lb⋅ft) | 11/1992-11/1996  | 57

## Alpina Roadster V8

File:2002 Alpina V8 Roadster Silver.jpgAlpina V8 Roadster

With production of the BMW Z8 completed by November 2002, for 2003 the Z8 production was replaced by the Alpina Roadster V8.[101] The Alpina was a departure from the hard-edged sporting focus of the original car, and elements of the new grand touring intent were evident throughout this final edition.

Instead of the original six-speed manual and 4.9 L (S62) engine featured in Z8's, the Alpina came only as an automatic, using a five-speed BMW Steptronic transmission mated to a 4.8 L Alpina-tuned V8 motor from the Alpina E39 B10 V8 S (Alpina F5). In order to complete the car's transition from sports car to Alpina, relaxed suspension tuning was used. The standard Z8's run-flat tires on 18 in (46 cm) wheels were discarded in favor of conventional tires with softer sidewalls, on 20 in (51 cm) wheels.

A new, softer grade of Nappa leather replaced the Z8's less supple specification, and special Alpina gauges were featured on the dash cluster. An Alpina steering wheel with three solid spokes replaced the original, which could not be retrofitted with shift paddles for the automatic. Gear selection was displayed in an Alpina-specific display mounted in front of the wheel.

Performance of the Alpina V8 differed from that of the standard car in that peak power was reduced to 381 PS (280 kW) while peak torque was raised to 520 N⋅m (384 lb⋅ft); this torque was available at significantly lower rpm than the original in order to enable more relaxed cruising. Curiously, the electronically limited top speed was officially raised to 260 km/h (160 mph), rather than the 250 km/h (160 mph) that most cars are limited to.[101]

Only 555 of these Alpinas were built, 450 of which were exported to the U.S. market and only eight to the UK.[102] In the United States, this special edition of the Z8 was sold directly through BMW dealerships, marking a first for Alpina, whose cars had never been sold through retail channels in the U.S.

## Gallery

* 1974 BMW 3.0 CS 'Alpina' profile view

* 1974 BMW 3.0 CS 'Alpina' interior

* 1984 BMW Alpina B7 Turbo Coupé / 1

* Alpina C2 2.7 Allrad

* Alpina C2 2.7 Allrad

* 1992 Alpina B10 BiTurbo

* Alpina Deco stripe

* Alpina wheel

* Alpina B5 (2005) engine bay

* Alpina B6 S

* Alpina D3 Bi-Turbo

## See also

* ABT, similar marque specializing on high-performance Audi models.
* Brabus, similar marque specializing on high-performance Mercedes-Benz models.
* Lister, similar marque specializing on high-performance Jaguar models.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Elsinore, Bradford (20 May 2010). "2011 BMW 750Li Alpina B7 First Drive". Insideline.com. http://www.insideline.com/bmw/alpina-b7/2011/2011-bmw-750li-alpina-b7-first-drive.html.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "2011 BMW ALPINA B7". Autoblog.com. 22 August 2024. http://www.autoblog.com/buy/2011-BMW-ALPINA+B7/expert-review/.
3. ↑ Pattni, Vijay (2023-10-19). "Alpina founder Burkard Bovensiepen has died aged 87". https://www.topgear.com/car-news/retro/alpina-founder-burkard-bovensiepen-has-died-aged-87.
4. ↑ Petroni, Giulia (2022-03-10). "BMW to Acquire Alpina Brand". https://www.marketwatch.com/story/bmw-to-acquire-alpina-brand-271646928342.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Expanding the Portfolio: BMW Group Acquires the Alpina Brand". https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/detail/T0373014EN/expanding-the-portfolio:-bmw-group-acquires-the-alpina-brand.
6. ↑ "Alpinas Long Enduring Successes". Max Rodgers. 17 May 2014. http://www.zeroto60.co/auto/alpinas-long-enduring-successes/.
7. ↑ "ALPINA SWITCH-TRONIC". https://www.alpina-automobiles.com/en/alpina/news/news-gallery/181108-switch-tronic/.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Vanderwerp, Dave (July 2007). "2007 BMW Alpina B7 - Road Test - Car Reviews". Car and Driver. http://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/car/07q3/2007_bmw_alpina_b7-road_test.
9. ↑ "Technische Daten: ALPINA Automobiles". http://www.alpina-automobiles.com/de/modelle/d3-biturbo/technische-daten/.
10. ↑ "Technische Daten: ALPINA Automobiles". http://www.alpina-automobiles.com/de/modelle/b3-s-biturbo/technische-daten/.
11. ↑ "Technische Daten: ALPINA Automobiles". http://www.alpina-automobiles.com/de/modelle/d4-biturbo/technische-daten/.
12. ↑ "Technische Daten: ALPINA Automobiles". http://www.alpina-automobiles.com/de/modelle/b4-s-biturbo/technische-daten/.
13. ↑ "Technische Daten: ALPINA Automobiles". https://www.alpina-automobiles.com/de/modelle/b4-s-edition-99/technische-daten/.
14. ↑ "Technische Daten: ALPINA Automobiles". http://www.alpina-automobiles.com/de/modelle/b5-biturbo/technische-daten/.
15. ↑ Vaughn, Mark (7 July 2014). "To The Max". Autoweek 64 (14): 22–23.
16. ↑ "Technische Daten: ALPINA Automobiles". https://www.alpina-automobiles.com/de/modelle/b6-biturbo/technische-daten/.
17. ↑ "Highlights: ALPINA Automobiles". https://www.alpina-automobiles.com/en/models/b8/highlights/.
18. ↑ Panait, Mircea (9 March 2018). "Alpina Brings XD3 And XD4 In Geneva, Both Are Quad-Turbocharged" (in en-us). autoevolution. https://www.autoevolution.com/news/alpina-brings-xd3-and-xd4-in-geneva-both-are-quad-turbocharged-124176.html.
19. ↑ "2018 Geneva: BMW ALPINA D5 S in Alpina Green looks stunning" (in en-US). BMW BLOG. 9 March 2018. https://www.bmwblog.com/2018/03/09/2018-geneva-bmw-alpina-d5-s-in-alpina-green-looks-stunning/.
20. ↑ "Alpina revs up BMW SUVs with new XD3 and XD4" (in en). CAR Magazine. https://www.carmagazine.co.uk/car-news/first-official-pictures/alpina/alpina-xd3-and-xd4-suv-2018-pictures-performance-specs-and-price/.
21. ↑ Rae, Alex (6 March 2018). "Alpina reveals world's fastest diesel SUV - The world's fastest diesel SUV" (in en-US). Drive. https://www.drive.com.au/motor-news/alpina-reveals-world-s-fastest-diesel-suv-117507.
22. ↑ "Alpina XD3 coming next year, XD4 not for Australia | CarAdvice" (in en-GB). CarAdvice.com. https://www.caradvice.com.au/648930/alpina-xd3-xd4-australia/.
23. ↑ Baumann, Uli (11 September 2013). "Alpina D3 Biturbo auf der IAA: 278 km/h im 3er-Selbstzünder" (in de). https://www.auto-motor-und-sport.de/news/alpina-d3-biturbo-auf-der-iaa-2013/.
24. ↑ Sheehan, Sam (7 March 2017), "Hot Alpina B5 gets 600bhp BMW V8; Alpina's hot B5 will be joined by a 400bhp D5 version based on BMW's 550d", Autocar, https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/motor-shows-geneva-motor-show/hot-alpina-b5-gets-600bhp-bmw-v8
25. ↑ "Road Vehicle Descriptor (RVD1)". http://rvcs-prodweb.dot.gov.au/perl/49297_1253524_RVD_05Feb2018143018.cmd.
26. ↑ "All-new Alpina B5 Bi-Turbo on sale in the UK – Alpina's £89k, 200mph saloon and estate" (in en). Evo. http://www.evo.co.uk/alpina/19560/all-new-alpina-b5-bi-turbo-on-sale-in-the-uk-alpina-s-89k-200mph-saloon-and-estate.
27. ↑ Mahoney, John (24 January 2018). "BMW Alpina B5 Biturbo 2018 Review". https://www.motoring.com.au/bmw-alpina-b5-biturbo-2018-review-110687/.
28. ↑ Haupt, Andreas; Dralle, Jens (5 July 2017). "Wie dynamisch ist Alpinas Allrad-Mittelklasse?". https://www.auto-motor-und-sport.de/fahrbericht/bmw-alpina-b5-touring-2017-fahrbericht-rennstrecke/.
29. ↑ Baumann, Uli. "Neuer Alpina B5 Biturbo (2017): Power-5er mit M-Ambitionen" (in de). auto motor und sport. https://www.auto-motor-und-sport.de/news/alpina-b5-biturbo-erlkoenig-11496618.html.
30. ↑ "New 322bhp BMW Alpina D5 S debuts at the Frankfurt Motor Show" (in en). Auto Express. http://www.autoexpress.co.uk/alpina/100793/new-322bhp-bmw-alpina-d5-s-debuts-at-the-frankfurt-motor-show.
31. ↑ "Alpina D5 S Review (2018) | Autocar" (in en). https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-review/alpina/d5-s.
32. ↑ "New Alpina D5 S revealed in saloon and estate forms in Frankfurt" (in en). Evo. http://www.evo.co.uk/news/19951/new-alpina-d5-s-revealed-in-saloon-and-estate-forms-in-frankfurt.
33. ↑ "Alpina D5 S: Der schnellste Seriendiesel der Welt" (in DE). Süddeutsche Zeitung. 12 September 2017. https://www.sueddeutsche.de/wirtschaft/verkehr-alpina-d5-s-der-schnellste-seriendiesel-der-welt-dpa.urn-newsml-dpa-com-20090101-170912-99-20181.
34. ↑ "Alpina D5 S review: tuned twin-turbo 5 Series tested" (in en). Top Gear. 19 April 2018. https://www.topgear.com/car-reviews/alpina/30-5dr-auto/first-drive.
35. ↑ "Alpina B6 xDrive Gran Coupe Available on the BMW USA Website". 8 April 2014. http://www.autoevolution.com/news/alpina-b6-xdrive-gran-coupe-available-on-the-bmw-usa-website-79725.html.
36. ↑ Meiners, Jens (April 2014). "2015 BMW Alpina B6 xDrive Gran Coupe". Car and Driver. http://www.caranddriver.com/news/2015-bmw-alpina-b6-xdrive-gran-coupe-photos-and-info-news.
37. ↑ Lingeman, Jake (18 December 2019). "Full Gallery: 2020 BMW Alpina B7" (in en-US). https://www.autoweek.com/drives/g30273106/this-is-the-greenest-2020-bmw-alpina-b7-youll-ever-see/.
38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.3 "Preview: 2013 Alpina B7 offers outrageous performance | Driving | National Post". Life.nationalpost.com. https://nationalpost.com/bmw/alpina-b7/reviews/road-test/first-drive-2013-bmw-alpina-b7-2.
39. ↑ "2011 BMW Alpina B7 First Drive". Motor Trend. 19 May 2010. http://www.motortrend.com/roadtests/sedans/1005_2011_bmw_alpina_b7_drive/viewall.html.
40. ↑ "2016 Alpina B7 Biturbo review | Autocar". 8 August 2016. https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-review/alpina/b7/first-drives/2016-alpina-b7-biturbo-review.
41. ↑ Ingram, Antony (9 February 2016). "Alpina B7 – 600bhp luxury car revealed ahead of Geneva". http://www.evo.co.uk/bmw/7-series/17347/alpina-b7-600bhp-luxury-car-revealed-ahead-of-geneva.
42. ↑ "The new 2020 ALPINA B7 xDrive Sedan - Power, Dynamics and Luxury in a new contemporary Design.". https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/usa/article/detail/T0291804EN_US/the-new-2020-alpina-b7-xdrive-sedan-power-dynamics-and-luxury-in-a-new-contemporary-design?language=en_US.
43. ↑ "Alpina Typentabelle". Allegos.com. http://www.allegos.com/alpina/typen/typen_fr.htm.
44. ↑ "Alpina Modellhistorie". Alpina-automobiles.com. 7 September 2011. http://www.alpina-automobiles.com/ww/models-alpina/historic-models/bmw-3-series/e21.html.
45. ↑ "BMW 3er E90/91/92/93: ALPINA Automobiles: ALPINA Automobiles". http://www.alpina-automobiles.com/de/modelle/modellhistorie/bmw-3er/bmw-3er-e90919293/.
46. ↑ "Technische Daten: ALPINA Automobiles". http://www.alpina-automobiles.com/de/modelle/xd3-biturbo/technische-daten/.
47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 ter Kuile, Caju (24 December 1983). "Rijden met: BMW Alpina C1-2.3" (in nl). Autovisie (Hilversum, Netherlands: Folio Groep B.V.) 28 (26): 64–65.
48. ↑ "This Alpina C1 is a Rare Bit of BMW 3 Series History" (in en). Motor1.com. https://www.motor1.com/news/78203/this-alpina-c1-is-a-rare-bit-of-bmw-3-series-history/.
49. ↑ "1985 Alpina C2 2.5 (model since July 1985 for Europe ) specifications & performance data review". Automobile-Catalog. Pawel Zal. http://www.automobile-catalog.com/car/1985/1185905/alpina_c2_2_5.html.
50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 50.2 Ritter, Marc. "Alpina Typentabelle". alpinacars. http://www.allegos.com/alpina/typen/typen_fr.htm.
51. ↑ Heitz, Rudolf, ed (1 August 1986) (in de). Auto Katalog 1987. 30. Stuttgart: Vereinigte Motor-Verlage GmbH & Co. KG. p. 212.
52. ↑ "RM Sotheby's - 1986 BMW Alpina B6 2.7 | Arizona 2017" (in en). RM Sotheby's. 16 November 2017. https://rmsothebys.com/en/auctions/az17/auction/lots/r144-1986-bmw-alpina-b6-27.
53. ↑ "Be Different: Drive This Rare Alpina B6 2.8" (in en). Motor1.com. https://www.motor1.com/news/77215/be-different-drive-this-rare-alpina-b6-28/.
54. ↑ "RM Sotheby's - 1986 BMW Alpina B6 2.7 | Arizona 2017" (in en). RM Sotheby's. 16 November 2017. https://rmsothebys.com/en/auctions/az17/auction/lots/r144-1986-bmw-alpina-b6-27.
55. ↑ "Alpina B6 3.5S" (in en-US). Mint Classics. 18 October 2016. http://www.mintclassics.de/2016/10/18/alpina-b6-3-5s/.
56. ↑ "Official Alpina Website, February 2012". Alpina-automobiles.com. 6 March 2012. http://www.alpina-automobiles.com.
57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 "2012 Alpina B3 GT3 review and pictures" (in en). https://www.evo.co.uk/alpina/b3.
58. ↑ "KW History | KW suspensions". https://www.kwsuspensions.net/company/history.
59. ↑ "1976 BMW Alpina B2 | Paris 2023" (in en). https://rmsothebys.com/en/auctions/pa23/paris/lots/r0086-1976-bmw-alpina-b2/1323423.
60. ↑ "Was the Alpina B2 the original German super-saloon?" (in en-US). https://www.classicdriver.com/en/article/cars/was-alpina-b2-original-german-super-saloon.
61. ↑ "1982 BMW Alpina B7 S Turbo | Paris 2020" (in en). https://rmsothebys.com/en/auctions/pa20/paris/lots/r0032-1982-bmw-alpina-b7-s-turbo/836560.
62. ↑ "1982 BMW Alpina B7 S Turbo | Paris 2019" (in en). https://rmsothebys.com/en/auctions/pa19/paris/lots/r0032-1982-bmw-alpina-b7-s-turbo/733309.
63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 "This 1983 Alpina B9 is aRare Alternative to the BMW M5". https://www.motor1.com/news/76559/this-1983-alpina-b9-is-a-rare-alternative-to-the-bmw-m5/.
64. ↑ Alpina: ALPINA Automobile auf Basis der BMW 5er
65. ↑ B10 E28 technische Daten
66. ↑ B10-3.5
67. ↑ "B10 3.5/1". http://www.alpina-archive.com/?page_id=177&nmt=B10-3.5/1.
68. ↑ "B10 4.0". http://www.alpina-archive.com/?page_id=180&nmt=B10-4.0.
69. ↑ 69.0 69.1 69.2 69.3 69.4 B10 E34 technische Daten
70. ↑ "Driving the Alpina B10 BiTurbo, The World's Fastest Four-Door in 1991" (in en-US). Road & Track. 1 September 2017. https://www.roadandtrack.com/car-culture/classic-cars/a12158564/driving-the-alpina-b10-biturbo-the-worlds-fastest-four-door-in-1991/.
71. ↑ 71.0 71.1 71.2 "ALPINA Automobiles based on BMW 5 Series E39". www.alpina-automobiles.com. https://www.alpina-automobiles.com/en/product-world/model-history/bmw-5-series/bmw-5-series-e39/.
72. ↑ "E39 B10 3.2". http://www.alpina-archive.com/?page_id=183&nmt=B10-3.2.
73. ↑ "E39 B10 V8". http://www.alpina-archive.com/?page_id=185&nmt=B10-V8.
74. ↑ "E39 B10 V8S". http://www.alpina-archive.com/?page_id=186&nmt=B10-V8S.
75. ↑ 75.0 75.1 75.2 "ALPINA Automobiles based on BMW 5 Series E60 / E61". https://www.alpina-automobiles.com/en/product-world/model-history/bmw-5-series/bmw-5-series-e6061/.
76. ↑ "Alpina B5 gegen Mercedes-Benz E 55 AMG". 4 October 2005. https://www.autobild.de/artikel/alpina-b5-gegen-mercedes-benz-e-55-amg-52476.html.
77. ↑ "Nardo High-Speed: Wem die Stunde schlägt". http://auto.freenet.de/tests/fahrberichte/nardo-highspeed-wem-die-stunde-schlaegt_52790_553994.html.
78. ↑ "ALPINA B5 S S macht schneller". https://www.auto-motor-und-sport.de/news/alpina-b5-s-s-macht-schneller-720198.html.
79. ↑ "F10 ALPINA B5 BiTurbo Unveiled". http://www.bmwblog.com/2010/07/01/f10-alpina-b5-biturbo-unveiled/.
80. ↑ "BMW 5 Series F10/F11". https://www.alpina-automobiles.com/en/product-world/model-history/bmw-5-series/bmw-5-series-f1011/.
81. ↑ "Alpina B5 Bi-Turbo Edition 50 review - the fastest 5-series money can buy". http://www.evo.co.uk/alpina/b5/16292/alpina-b5-bi-turbo-edition-50-review-the-fastest-5-series-money-can-buy.
82. ↑ "Alpina B5". Top Gear. 21 June 2010. https://www.topgear.com/car-news/modified/alpina-b5.
83. ↑ "BMW Alpina B5 Biturbo Revised: The Other Hot 5-series [Geneva Auto Show] | Car and Driver Blog". http://blog.caranddriver.com/bmw-alpina-b5-biturbo-revised-the-other-hot-5-series-geneva-auto-show/.
84. ↑ 84.0 84.1 "BMW 5 Series F10/11: ALPINA Automobiles". https://www.alpina-automobiles.com/en/product-world/model-history/bmw-5-series/bmw-5-series-f1011/.
85. ↑ 85.0 85.1 "ALPINA Automobile auf Basis der BMW 7er – E38 -" (in de). ALPINA Burkard Bovensiepen GmbH + Co. KG. https://www.alpina-automobiles.com/de/produktwelt/modellhistorie/bmw-7er/bmw-7er-e38/.
86. ↑ "ALPINA Meilensteine" (in de). ALPINA Burkard Bovensiepen GmbH + Co. KG. https://www.alpina-automobiles.com/de/alpina/meilensteine/.
87. ↑ "BMW 7er E38: ALPINA Automobiles". https://www.alpina-automobiles.com/de/produktwelt/model-history/bmw-7er/bmw-7er-e38/.
88. ↑ "Alpina-Archive The Unofficial BMW Alpina homepage – since 1998". http://www.alpina-archive.com/?cat=45.
89. ↑ 89.0 89.1 "2007 BMW ALPINA B7 Review by Cars.com Staff". Cars.com. 2 May 2007. http://www.cars.com/bmw/alpina-b7/2007/expert-reviews/?revid=51265.
90. ↑ "Chicago 2010: BMW Alpina B7 Sedan Making a Comeback". Nitrobahn.com. 11 February 2010. http://www.nitrobahn.com/conceptz/autoshows/chicago-2010-bmw-alpina-b7-sedan/.
91. ↑ "2007 BMW ALPINA B7 Review by Cars.com Staff". Cars.com. 2 May 2007. http://www.cars.com/go/crp/research.jsp?makeid=5&mode=&revid=51265&year=2007&acode=&modelid=8911&revlogtype=21&section=reviews&crpPage=summary.jsp&myid=&section=reviews&mode=&aff=national.
92. ↑ "7-series [E6x"]. Alpina-Archive. http://www.alpina-archive.com/?page_id=207.
93. ↑ "2011 BMW ALPINA B7". Autoblog.com. 22 August 2024. http://www.autoblog.com/buy/2011-BMW-ALPINA+B7/expert-review/.
94. ↑ "Handler". Bmwusa.com. http://www.bmwusa.com/Standard/Content/AllBMWs/FutureVehicles/alpina/default.aspx.
95. ↑ Lorio, Joe (28 August 2012). "First Drive: 2013 BMW 7-series". http://www.automobilemag.com/reviews/driven/1208_2013_bmw_7_series/.
96. ↑ "2013 BMW 750Li, 760Li, and Alpina B7 First Drive". Motor Trend. 28 August 2012. http://www.motortrend.com/roadtests/sedans/1208_2013_bmw_750li_760li_and_alpina_b7_first_drive/viewall.html.
97. ↑ "Highlights: ALPINA Automobiles". https://www.alpina-automobiles.com/en/models/b7/highlights/.
98. ↑ "The Automated Clutch - The New LuK ECM". http://www.schaeffler.com/remotemedien/media/_shared_media/08_media_library/01_publications/schaeffler_2/symposia_1/downloads_11/4_ecm_automated_clutch_1.pdf.
99. ↑ "Rare 1994 Alpina B12 5.7 Coupe is up for sale". http://www.bmwblog.com/2015/11/25/rare1994-alpina-b12-5-7-coupe-is-up-for-sale/.
100. ↑ "Chassis: ALPINA Automobiles". https://www.alpina-automobiles.com/en/models/b8/chassis/.
101. ↑ 101.0 101.1 Hutton, Ray (February 2003). "BMW Alpina Roadster V-8". Car and Driver. http://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/bmw-alpina-roadster-v-8-first-drive-review.
102. ↑ Buckley, Martin (January 2003). "BMW Aplina Roadster V8". Evo. http://www.evo.co.uk/carreviews/evocarreviews/32925/bmw_aplina_roadster_v8.html.

## External links

* Official website
* Alpina-Archive
* Alpina Cars: Overview of all BMW–Alpina cars
* The online owner community for BMW Alpinas
* Information on Alpina typewriters

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