BMW

Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft

Corporate logotype since 2021

BMW Headquarters in Munich, Germany

Type| Public

Traded as

* FWB: BMW
* DAX component

Industry| Automotive
Predecessors|

* Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik
* Rapp Motorenwerke
* Fahrzeugfabrik Eisenach

Founded| March 7, 1916; 110 years ago (1916-03-07)
(official date)

1922; 104 years ago (1922)
(de facto date)
Founders| Camillo Castiglioni[1]
Franz Josef Popp[2][3]
Headquarters|

Germany

Area served

| Worldwide

Key people

* Milan Nedeljković (chairman of management board)
* Nicolas Peter (chairman of supervisory board)

Products|

* Cars
* motorcycles
* bicycles

Brands|

* Automobiles
* BMW (i, M, X, Z, Alpina)
* Mini
* Rolls-Royce
* Motorcycles
* BMW Motorrad

Production output

* 2,463,681 cars (2025)
* 202,563 motorcycles (2025)[4]

Services| Car-sharing services, financing, leasing, insurance and other financial services
Revenue|  €133.453 billion (2025)[4]

Operating income

|  €10.236 billion (2025)[4]

Net income

|  €7.451 billion (2025)[4]
Total assets|  €265.967 billion (2025)[4]
Total equity|  €97.906 billion (2025)[4]
Owners|

* Stefan Quandt (27.7%)
* Susanne Klatten (22.5%)
* Public float (48.5%)[5]

Number of employees

| 154,540 (2025)[6]
Website|

* bmwgroup.com (corporate)
* bmw.com (brand)

Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft (BMW AG),[7] trading as BMW Group (commonly abbreviated to BMW (de), sometimes anglicised as Bavarian Motor Works), is a German multinational conglomerate manufacturer of luxury vehicles and motorcycles headquartered in Munich, Germany. The moniker, "BMW ", first came into use when the German firm Rapp Motorenwerke changed its name to Bayerische Motoren Werke GmbH (BMW GmbH) in 1917. Thereafter, in 1922, the name and assets of BMW GmbH were transferred to the aircraft manufacturer Bayerische Flugzeugwerke AG (formerly Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik), thereby giving rise to the company known today as BMW AG.[8][9]

BMW AG's automobiles are marketed under the BMW, Mini, and Rolls-Royce brands while its motorcycles are marketed under the BMW Motorrad brand. In 2023, BMW became the world's ninth-largest producer of motor vehicles (with 2,555,341 vehicles made in that year alone)[10] as well as the 6th largest automaker by revenue.[11] In 2023, it was ranked 46th in the Forbes Global 2000.[12] The company also has significant motor-sport history, especially in touring cars, sports cars, and the Isle of Man TT. BMW initially focused on aircraft engine production during World War I, a legacy that influenced the company's engineering emphasis on performance and precision. Known as "The Ultimate Driving Machine", the brand is celebrated for engineering vehicles that blend high-end luxury with sharp, driver-focused performance. Following postwar restrictions on aircraft manufacturing, BMW diversified into motorcycle production in the 1920s and later entered the automobile market, establishing itself as a major player in the automotive industry.

BMW AG is headquartered in Munich and produces motor vehicles in Germany, United Kingdom, United States, Brazil, Mexico, South Africa, India, and China.[13] The Quandt family [de; de; Quandt (Familie)] is a long-term shareholder of the company, following investments by the brothers Herbert and Harald Quandt in 1959 which saved BMW from bankruptcy, with remaining shares owned by the public.

## Contents

* 1 History
* 1.1 21st century
* 2 Branding
* 2.1 Company name
* 2.2 Logo
* 2.3 Slogan
* 2.4 Marks
* 3 Leadership
* 4 Corporate affairs
* 5 Motorcycles
* 6 Automobiles
* 6.1 Current models
* 6.1.1 i models
* 6.1.2 M models
* 6.2 Naming convention for models
* 6.3 Table of all models of the last 50 years
* 7 Motorsport
* 8 Involvement in the arts
* 8.1 Architecture
* 8.2 Art Cars
* 8.3 Visual arts
* 9 Production and sales
* 10 Recalls
* 11 Industry collaboration
* 12 Sponsorships
* 13 Car-sharing services
* 14 Overseas subsidiaries
* 14.1 Production facilities
* 14.1.1 China
* 14.1.2 Hungary
* 14.1.3 Mexico
* 14.1.4 Netherlands
* 14.1.5 South Africa
* 14.1.6 United States
* 14.2 Complete knock-down assembly facilities
* 14.2.1 Brazil
* 14.2.2 Egypt
* 14.2.3 India
* 14.2.4 Indonesia
* 14.2.5 Malaysia
* 14.2.6 Russia
* 14.2.7 Uruguay
* 14.3 Vehicle importers
* 14.3.1 Canada
* 14.3.2 Japan
* 14.3.3 Philippines
* 14.3.4 Korea
* 14.3.5 Singapore
* 15 Criticism
* 16 See also
* 17 References
* 18 Further reading
* 19 External links

## History

BMW traces its origins to aircraft engine manufacturer Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik, founded in 1910 by Gustav Otto in the Kingdom of Bavaria, then part of the German Empire. On 18 August 1916, the firm was reorganized as Bayerische Flugzeugwerke (BFW). In 1922, BFW was renamed Bayerische Motoren Werke (BMW).

The name BMW, however, had earlier been used by a company founded in 1913 by Karl Rapp as Rapp Motorenwerke. In 1922, the name and engine-production assets of Rapp Motorenwerke were transferred to Bayerische Flugzeugwerke, which adopted the BMW name in the same year.

BMW's first products were aircraft engines for the Luftstreitkräfte. One of its early designs was the BMW IIIa, a straight-six engine developed in 1917 by engineer Max Friz. After World War I, BMW diversified into the production of motorcycle engines, agricultural equipment, household items, and railway brakes. In 1923, the company introduced its first motorcycle, the BMW R32.

BMW became an automobile manufacturer in 1928 following its acquisition of Fahrzeugfabrik Eisenach, which produced the Austin 7 under licence from Austin Motor Company, marketed as the Dixi. The first car sold as a BMW was the BMW 3/15, a rebadged version of the Dixi. During the 1930s, BMW expanded its product range to include sports cars and larger luxury vehicles.

Aircraft engines, motorcycles, and automobiles would be BMW's main products until World War II. During the war, BMW concentrated on building the BMW 801 aircraft engine using as many as 40,000 slave laborers.[14] These consisted primarily of prisoners from Nazi concentration camps, most prominently Dachau. Motorcycles remained as a side-line and automobile manufacture ceased altogether.

BMW's factories were heavily bombed during the war and its remaining West German facilities were banned from producing motor vehicles or aircraft after the war. The company survived by making pots, pans, and bicycles. In 1948, BMW restarted motorcycle production. BMW resumed car production in Bavaria in 1952 with the BMW 501 luxury saloon. The range of cars was expanded in 1955, through the production of the cheaper Isetta microcar under licence. Slow sales of luxury cars and small profit margins from microcars, meant BMW was in serious financial trouble and in 1959 the company was nearly taken over by rival Daimler-Benz.[15][16]

A large investment in BMW by Herbert Quandt and Harald Quandt resulted in the company surviving as a separate entity. Günther Quandt was a well-known German industrialist and joined the Nazi Party in 1933; he made a fortune arming the Wehrmacht, manufacturing weapons and batteries.[17] Many of his enterprises were appropriated from Jewish owners under duress with minimal compensation. At least three of his enterprises made extensive use of slave laborers, as many as 50,000 in all.[18] One of his battery factories had its own on-site concentration camp, complete with gallows. Life expectancy for laborers was six months.[18][19] While Quandt and BMW were not directly connected during the war, funds amassed in the Nazi era by his father allowed Herbert Quandt to buy BMW.[14]

The relative success of the small BMW 700 assisted in the company's recovery, allowing them to develop the New Class sedans.

1972 BMW 5 Series (1st generation)

The 1962 introduction of the BMW New Class compact sedans was the beginning of BMW's reputation as a leading manufacturer of sport-oriented cars. Throughout the 1960s, BMW expanded its range by adding coupé and luxury sedan models. The BMW 5 Series mid-size sedan range was introduced in 1972, followed by the BMW 3 Series compact sedans in 1975, the BMW 6 Series luxury coupés in 1976 and the BMW 7 Series large luxury sedans in 1978.

The BMW M division released its first road car, the M1, a mid-engine supercar, in 1978. This was followed by the BMW M5 in 1984 and the BMW M3 in 1986. Also in 1986, BMW introduced its first V12 engine in the 750i luxury sedan. The 1989 BMW Z1 marked BMW's return to making a two-seat roadster, the 1995 BMW Z3 was their first mass-production two-seat roadster, and the 1999 BMW X5 was the company's first entry into the SUV market.

The company purchased the Rover Group in 1994, but the takeover was not successful and caused BMW large financial losses. In 2000, BMW sold off most of the Rover brands, retaining only the Mini brand. In 1998, BMW also acquired the rights to the Rolls-Royce brand from Vickers.

### 21st century

BMW's first modern mass-produced turbocharged petrol engine was introduced in 2006 (from 1973 to 1975, BMW built 1,672 units[20] of a turbocharged BMW M10 engine for the BMW 02 Series), with most engines switching over to turbocharging over the 2010s. The first hybrid BMW was the 2010 BMW ActiveHybrid 7, and BMW's first mass-production electric car was the BMW i3 city car, which was released in 2013, (from 1968 to 1972, BMW built two battery-electric BMW 1602 Elektro saloons for the 1972 Olympic Games).[21] After many years of establishing a reputation for sporting rear-wheel drive cars, BMW's first front-wheel drive car was the 2014 BMW 2 Series Active Tourer multi-purpose vehicle (MPV).

In March 2018, Daimler and BMW merged their mobility services.[22] In August 2019, Oliver Zipse replaced Harald Krüger as the head of the BMW Group.[23]. In May 2026, Milan Nedeljković succeeded Zipse as chairman of the board of management of BMW AG.[24]

In January 2021, BMW announced that its sales in 2020 fell by 8.4 percent due to the impact of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. However, in the fourth quarter of 2020, BMW witnessed a rise of 3.2% in its customers' demands.[25] This recovery was supported by the company's adoption of widely accepted technologies and integration of third-party services such as Apple Pay and on-demand music as well as key partnerships such as its collaboration with Daimler on autonomous driving.[26][27] Additionally, BMW's strategic investment decisions which include localizing production of its SUVs to the Spartanburg plant in the U.S., placed the group in a position to easily navigate trade challenges and shifting consumer patterns.[26]

On 18 January 2022 BMW announced a BMW 7 Series (G11) special edition simply called "The Final V12",[28] the last BMW series production vehicle to be fitted with a V-12 engine.[28]

On 5 October 2023 it was announced that BMW UK CEO Chris Brownridge would succeed Torsten Müller-Ötvös as the CEO of Rolls-Royce starting 1 December 2023, as a result of Müller-Ötvös retiring.[29]

In January 2025, BMW announced the launch of a closed-loop recycling system for the reuse of raw materials from high-voltage batteries used in its range of electric vehicles.[30] In November 2024, BMW launched a partnership in Europe with SK tes,[31] a provider of solutions to recover cobalt, nickel and lithium from used batteries for use in making new batteries.[citation needed] In September 2025, BMW jointly developed an automated driving system with Qualcomm. The system will debut on the BMW iX3.[32]

In January 2026, the company was reported to be among the top 30 global investors in research and development (R&D) in 2025.[33]

## Branding

BMW badge on a 1931 Dixi

Flag of Bavaria

1970 Garmisch concept

### Company name

BMW is an abbreviation for Bayerische Motoren Werke. This name is grammatically incorrect (in German, compound words must not contain spaces), which is why the grammatically correct form of the name, Bayerische Motorenwerke (de) has been used in several publications and advertisements in the past.[34][35] Bayerische Motorenwerke translates into English as Bavarian Motor Works.[36] The suffix AG, short for Aktiengesellschaft, signifies an incorporated entity owned by shareholders, akin to Inc., "Incorporated" (US) or PLC, "Public Limited Company" (UK).

The terms Beemer, Bimmer and Bee-em are sometimes used as slang for BMW in the English language[37][38] and are sometimes used interchangeably for cars and motorcycles.[39][40][41]

### Logo

The circular blue and white BMW logo or roundel evolved from the circular Rapp Motorenwerke company logo, which featured a black ring bearing the company name surrounding the company logo,[42] an image of a horse head on a plinth. BMW retained Rapp's black ring inscribed with the company name, but the interior of the ring is quartered blue and white, reminiscent of the coat of arms and flag of Bavaria (which in turn are based on the arms of the historic House of Wittelsbach, which ruled Bavaria for many centuries).[42] The logo does not bear the distinctive lozenge shape found on the coat of arms, however, as local laws at the time it was introduced forbade the use of state coats of arms on commercial logos.[43]

A persistent myth claims that the logo is based on the image of an airplane propeller spinning in a blue sky. This myth likely stems from a 1929 BMW advertisement that depicted the logo superimposed on a rotating propeller. However, the logo predates that advertisement by 12 years.[42][44]

The current iteration of the logo was introduced in 2020,[45] removing 3D effects that had been used in previous renderings of the logo while removing the black outline encircling the roundel. The logo is used for BMW's branding communications but it is not used on vehicles.[46][47]

* Logo used in vehicles since 1997

* The logo on a BMW car

* Logo used for publicity purposes since March 2020

### Slogan

The slogan 'Freude am Fahren' (English: 'Sheer Driving Pleasure') has been used by BMW in most markets worldwide since 1972, when it was standardized as the company's official slogan and its English translation set for export markets.[48][49] The slogan first appeared as 'Aus Freude am Fahren' in 1965 before the opening word was dropped in 1972.[50] In the United States and United Kingdom, BMW instead uses 'The Ultimate Driving Machine'.

The slogan 'The Ultimate Driving Machine' was coined by BMW North America in 1974,[51][52] and first used in ads celebrating its win at the 1975 12 Hours of Sebring.[53] In 2010, this long-lived campaign was mostly supplanted by a campaign intended to make the brand more approachable and to better appeal to women, 'Joy'. By 2012 BMW had returned to 'The Ultimate Driving Machine'.[54]

### Marks

In 2023, the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)’s Madrid Yearly Review ranked BMW's number of marks applications filled under the Madrid System as 2nd in the world, with 124 trademarks applications submitted during 2023.[55]

## Leadership

* Franz Josef Popp (1922–1942)
* Fritz Hille (1942–1945)
* Hanns Grewenig (1947–1952)
* Heinrich Richter Bronhm (1957–1960)
* Herbert Quandt (1960–1970)[56]
* Eberhard von Kuenheim (1970–1993)[57]
* Bernd Pischetsrieder (1993–1999)
* Joachim Milberg (1999–2002)[58]
* Helmut Panke (2002–2006)[59]
* Norbert Reithofer (2006–2015)[60]
* Harald Krüger (2015–2019)[61]
* Oliver Zipse (2019–2026)[62]
* Milan Nedeljković (2026–present)[63][64]

## Corporate affairs

Sales by region (2024)[65] Region  | share

|

Rest of Europe  | 30.8%
United States  | 20.2%
China  | 18.5%
Germany  | 13.9%
Rest of Asia  | 10.3%
Rest of Americas  | 3.8%
Rest of the World  | 2.4%
Sales by business unit (2024)[65] Region  | share

|

Automotive  | 73.3%
Financial services  | 24.7%
Motorcycles  | 2.0%

The key trends of the BMW Group are (as at the financial year ending December 31):[66][67][68][69]

Year  | Revenue
(€ bn)  | Net income
(€ bn)  | Total assets
(€ bn)  | Number of
sold cars
(m)[70] | Employees
(k)

|
|
|
|
|

2007  | 56.0  | 3.1  | 88.9  | 1.5  | 107
2008  | 53.1  | 0.32  | 101  | 1.4  | 100
2009  | 50.6  | 0.20  | 101  | 1.2  | 96.2
2010  | 60.4  | 3.2  | 108  | 1.4  | 95.4
2011  | 68.8  | 4.8  | 123  | 1.6  | 100
2012  | 76.8  | 5.0  | 131  | 1.8  | 105
2013  | 76.0  | 5.3  | 138  | 1.9  | 110
2014  | 80.4  | 5.7  | 154  | 2.1  | 116
2015  | 92.1  | 6.3  | 172  | 2.2  | 122
2016  | 94.1  | 6.8  | 188  | 2.3  | 124
2017  | 98.6  | 8.6  | 193  | 2.4  | 129
2018  | 97.4  | 7.1  | 208  | 2.4  | 134
2019  | 104  | 4.9  | 241  | 2.5  | 133
2020  | 98.9  | 3.7  | 216  | 2.3  | 120
2021  | 111  | 12.3  | 229  | 2.5  | 118
2022  | 142  | 17.9  | 246  | 2.3  | 146
2023  | 155  | 11.2  | 250  | 2.5  | 152
2024  | 142  | 7.3  | 268  | 2.5  | 157

## Motorcycles

The R32 motorcycle, the first BMW motor vehicle, at the BMW Museum in Munich The 2015 BMW R1200RT

BMW began production of motorcycle engines and then motorcycles after World War I.[71] Its motorcycle brand is now known as BMW Motorrad. Their first successful motorcycle after the failed Helios and Flink, was the "R32" in 1923, though production originally began in 1921.[72] This had a "boxer" twin engine, in which a cylinder projects into the air-flow from each side of the machine. Apart from its single-cylinder models (basically to the same pattern), all its motorcycles used this distinctive layout until the early 1980s. Many BMW's are still produced in this layout, which is designated the R Series.

The entire BMW Motorcycle production line has, since 1969, been located at the company's Berlin-Spandau factory. During the Second World War, BMW produced the BMW R75 motorcycle with a motor-driven sidecar attached. Combined with a lockable differential, the vehicle was very capable off-road.[73]

In 1982 came the K Series, with a shaft drive but water-cooled and with either three or four cylinders mounted in a straight line from front to back. Shortly after, BMW also started making the chain-driven F and G series with single and parallel twin Rotax engines.

In the early 1990s, BMW updated the airhead Boxer engine which became known as the oilhead. In 2002, the oilhead engine had two spark plugs per cylinder. In 2004 it added a built-in balance shaft, an increased capacity to 1,170 cc (71 cu in) and enhanced performance to 75 kW (101 hp) for the R1200GS, compared to 63 kW (84 hp) of the previous R1150GS. More powerful variants of the oilhead engines are available in the R1100S and R1200S, producing 73 and 91 kW (98 and 122 hp), respectively.

In 2004, BMW introduced the new K1200S Sports Bike which marked a departure for BMW. It had an engine producing 125 kW (168 hp), derived from the company's work with the Williams F1 team, and is lighter than previous K models. Innovations include electronically adjustable front and rear suspension, and a Hossack-type front fork that BMW calls Duolever.

BMW introduced anti-lock brakes on production motorcycles starting in the late 1980s. The generation of anti-lock brakes available on the 2006 and later BMW motorcycles paved the way for the introduction of electronic stability control, or anti-skid technology later in the 2007 model year.

BMW has been an innovator in motorcycle suspension design, taking up telescopic front suspension long before most other manufacturers. Then it switched to an Earles fork, front suspension by swinging fork (1955 to 1969). Most modern BMWs are truly rear swingarm, single sided at the back (compare with the regular swinging fork usually, and wrongly, called swinging arm). Some BMWs started using yet another trademark front suspension design, the Telelever, in the early 1990s. Like the Earles fork, the Telelever significantly reduces dive under braking.[74]

BMW Group, on 31 January 2013, announced that Pierer Industrie AG has bought Husqvarna Motorcycles for an undisclosed amount, which will not be revealed by either party in the future. The company is headed by Stephan Pierer (CEO of KTM). Pierer Industrie AG is 51% owner of KTM and 100% owner of Husqvarna.

In September 2018, BMW unveiled a new self-driving motorcycle with BMW Motorrad with a goal of using the technology to help improve road safety.[75] The design of the bike was inspired by the company's BMW R1200 GS model.[76]

## Automobiles

### Current models

The current model lines of BMW cars are:

* 1 Series five-door hatchbacks (model code F70).
* 2 Series two-door coupes (model code G42), "Active Tourer" five-seat MPVs (U06), four-door "Gran Coupe" sedans (model code F74) and long-wheelbase model exclusive to China (F78).
* 3 Series four-door sedans (model code G20), five-door station wagons (G21) and long-wheelbase model exclusive to China (G28).
* 4 Series two-door coupes (model code G22), two-door convertibles (model code G23) and five-door "Gran Coupe" fastbacks (model code G26).
* 5 Series four-door sedans (model code G60), five-door station wagons (G61) and long-wheelbase model exclusive to China (G68).
* 7 Series four-door sedans (model code G70).

* 1 Series (F70)

* 2 Series Gran Coupé (F74)

* 2 Series (G42)

* 3 Series (G20)

* 4 Series (G22)

* 5 Series (G60)

* 7 Series (G70)

The current model lines of the X Series SUVs and crossovers are:

* X1 (U11)
* X2 (U10)
* X3 (G45)
* X5 (G05)
* X6 (G06)
* X7 (G07)
* XM (G09)

* X1 (U11)

* X2 (U10)

* X3 (G45)

* X5 (G05)

* X6 (G06)

* X7 (G07)

* XM (G09)

#### i models

Main article: Company:BMW i

All-electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles are sold under the BMW i sub-brand. The current model range consists of:

* i3 D-segment (compact) sedan, exclusive to China
* i4 D-segment (compact) liftback
* i5 E-segment (executive) sedan
* i7 F-segment (full-size) sedan
* iX1 C-segment (subcompact) SUV
* iX2 C-segment (subcompact) SUV
* iX3 D-segment (compact) SUV
* iX E-segment (mid-size) SUV

* i3

* i4

* i5

* iX1

* iX2

* iX3

* iX

In addition, several plug-in hybrid models built on existing platforms have been marketed as iPerformance models. Examples include the 225xe using a 1.5 L three-cylinder turbocharged petrol engine with an electric motor, the 330e/530e using a 2.0 L four-cylinder engine with an electric motor,[77][78] and the 550e/750e using a 3.0 L six-cylinder engine with an electric motor.[78][79] Also, crossover and SUV plug-in hybrid models have been released using i technology: X1 xDrive25e, X2 xDrive25e, X3 xDrive30e, and X5 xDrive40e.[80]

#### M models

The BMW M GmbH subsidiary (called BMW Motorsport GmbH until 1993) started making high-performance versions of various BMW models in 1978.

As of November 2024[update], the M lineup is:[81]

* M2 two-door coupe
* M3 four-door sedan and five-door station wagon
* M4 two-door coupe/convertible
* M5 four-door sedan and five-door station wagon
* X5 M mid-size SUV[82]
* X6 M mid-size coupe SUV[83]
* XM Large SUV

* M2

* M3

* M4

* M5

* X5 M

* X6 M

The letter "M" is also often used in the marketing of BMW's regular models, for example the F20 M140i model, the G11 M760Li model and various optional extras called "M Sport", "M Performance" or similar.

### Naming convention for models

### Table of all models of the last 50 years

Template:BMW model timeline

## Motorsport

BMW has a long history of motorsport activities, including:

* Touring cars, such as DTM, WTCC, ETCC and BTCC
* Formula One
* Endurance racing, such as 24 Hours Nürburgring, 24 Hours of Le Mans, 24 Hours of Daytona and Spa 24 Hours
* Isle of Man TT
* Dakar Rally
* American Le Mans Series
* IMSA SportsCar Championship
* Formula BMW, a junior racing Formula category
* Formula Two
* Formula E
* Superbike World Championship

* 2016 BMW M4 DTM

* 2016 BMW M6 GT3

* 2016 BMW S1000RR

* 2007 BMW Sauber F1.07

## Involvement in the arts

### Architecture

BMW Headquarters

The global BMW Headquarters in Munich is designed after the cylinder head of a four-cylinder engine. It was designed by Karl Schwanzer and was completed in 1972. The building has become a European icon[84] and was declared a protected historic building in 1999. The main tower consists of four vertical cylinders standing next to and across from each other. Each cylinder is divided horizontally in its center by a mold in the facade. Notably, these cylinders do not stand on the ground; they are suspended from a central support tower.

BMW Museum is a futuristic cauldron-shaped building, which was also designed by Karl Schwanzer and opened in 1972.[85] The interior has a spiral theme and the roof is a 40-metre diameter BMW logo.

BMW Welt, the company's exhibition space in Munich, was designed by Coop Himmelb(l)au and opened in 2007. It includes a showroom and lifting platforms where a customer's new car is theatrically unveiled to the customer.[86]

* BMW Museum

* BMW Welt

### Art Cars

In 1975, sculptor Alexander Calder was commissioned to paint the BMW 3.0 CSL racing car driven by Hervé Poulain at the 24 Hours of Le Mans, which became the first in the series of BMW Art Cars. Since Calder's work of art, many other renowned artists throughout the world have created BMW Art Cars, including David Hockney, Jenny Holzer, Roy Lichtenstein, Robert Rauschenberg, Frank Stella, and Andy Warhol.[84] To date, a total of 19 BMW Art Cars, based on both racing and regular production vehicles, have been created.

* 1975 3.0 CSL Art Car by Alexander Calder

* 1979 M1 Art Car by Andy Warhol

### Visual arts

BMW sponsors a number of awards in the visual arts. These include the BMW Art Journey award, which honors a young or mid-career artist in collaboration with Art Basel, and the BMW Painting Award, which was created to promote painting in Spain by finding new talent and showcasing their work.[87][88]

BMW was the principal sponsor of the 1998 The Art of the Motorcycle exhibition at various Guggenheim museums, though the financial relationship between BMW and the Guggenheim Foundation was criticised in many quarters.[89][90]

In 2012, BMW began sponsoring Independent Collectors production of the BMW Art Guide, which is the first global guide to private and publicly accessible collections of contemporary art worldwide.[91] The fourth edition, released in 2016, features 256 collections from 43 countries.[92]

## Production and sales

Spot welding 3 Series bodies in Leipzig, Germany

BMW produces complete automobiles in the following countries:

* Germany: Munich, Dingolfing, Regensburg and Leipzig
* United States: Spartanburg[93][94]
* Mexico: San Luis Potosí[95]
* China: Shenyang
* South Africa: Rosslyn

BMW also has local assembly operation using complete knock-down (CKD) components in Brazil, Thailand, Russia, Egypt, Indonesia, Malaysia and India.[96]

In the UK, BMW has a Mini factory near Oxford, plants in Swindon and Hams Hall, and Rolls-Royce vehicle assembly at Goodwood. In 2020, these facilities were shut down for the period from 23 March to 17 April due to the coronavirus outbreak.[97]

The BMW group (including Mini and Rolls-Royce) produced 1,366,838 automobiles in 2006 and then 1,481,253 automobiles in 2010.[98][99] BMW Motorcycles are being produced at the company's Berlin factory, which earlier had produced aircraft engines for Siemens.

By 2011, about 56% of BMW-brand vehicles produced were powered by petrol engines and the remaining 44% by diesel engines. Of those petrol vehicles, about 27% were four-cylinder models and about nine percent are eight-cylinder models, the overwhelming majority being sixes.[100] On average, 9,000 vehicles per day exit BMW plants, and 63% are transported by rail.[101]

Annual production since 2005, according to BMW's annual reports:[99]

Year | BMW | MINI | Rolls-Royce | Motorcycle*

|
|
|
|

2005 | 1,122,308 | 200,119 | 692 | 92,013
2006 | 1,179,317 | 186,674 | 847 | 103,759
2007 | 1,302,774 | 237,700 | 1,029 | 104,396
2008 | 1,203,482 | 235,019 | 1,417 | 118,452
2009 | 1,043,829 | 213,670 | 918 | 93,243
2010 | 1,236,989 | 241,043 | 3,221 | 112,271
2011 | 1,440,315 | 294,120 | 3,725 | 110,360
2012 | 1,547,057 | 311,490 | 3,279 | 113,811
2013 | 1,699,835 | 303,177 | 3,354 | 110,127
2014 | 1,838,268 | 322,803 | 4,495 | 133,615
2015 | 1,933,647 | 342,008 | 3,848 | 151,004
2016 | 2,002,997 | 352,580 | 4,179 | 145,555
2017 | 2,123,947 | 378,486 | 3,308 | 185,682
2018 | 2,168,496 | 368,685 | 4,353 | 162,687
2019 | 2,205,841 | 352,729 | 5,455 | 187,116
2020 | 1,980,740 | 271,121 | 3,776 | 168,104
2021 | 2,166,644 | 288,713 | 5,912 | 187,500
2022 | 2,089,801 | 286,265 | 6,239 | 215,932
2023 | 2,340,547 | 315,196 | 6,179 | 221,988

Annual sales and deliveries since 1972, according to BMW's annual reports:

Year | BMW | MINI | Rolls-Royce | Motorcycle*

|
|
|
|

1972  | 182,858  |  |  |
1973  | 197,446  |  |  |
1974  | 184,330  |  |  |
1975  | 226,688  |  |  |
1976  | 275,596  |  |  |
1977  | 288,260  |  |  |
1978  | 321,196  |  |  |
1979  | 335,132  |  |  |
1980  | 339,232  |  |  |
1981  | 348,946  |  |  |
1982  | 377,684  |  |  |
1983  | 422,500  |  |  |
1984  | 434,300  |  |  |
1985  | 440,700  |  |  |
1986  | 446,100  |  |  |
1987  | 459,500  |  |  |
1988  | 495,800  |  |  |
1989  | 523,000  |  |  |
1990  | 525,900  |  |  |
1991  | 552,700  |  |  |
1992  | 582,493  |  |  |
1993  | 534,397  |  |  |
1994  | 573,000  |  |  |
1995  | 595,000  |  |  |
1996  | 644,107  |  |  |
1997  | 675,076  |  |  |
1998  | 699,378  |  |  |
1999  | 751,272  |  |  |
2000  | 822,181  |  |  |
2001  | 880,677  |  |  |
2002  | 913,225  |  |  |
2003  | 928,000  |  |  |
2004  | 1,023,583  |  |  |
2005 | 1,126,798 | 200,428 | 797 | 97,474
2006 | 1,185,088 | 188,077 | 805 | 100,064
2007 | 1,276,793 | 222,875 | 1,010 | 102,467
2008 | 1,202,239 | 232,425 | 1,212 | 115,196
2009 | 1,068,770 | 216,538 | 1,002 | 100,358
2010 | 1,224,280 | 234,175 | 2,711 | 110,113
2011 | 1,380,384 | 285,060 | 3,538 | 113,572
2012 | 1,540,085 | 301,525 | 3,575 | 117,109
2013 | 1,655,138 | 305,030 | 3,630 | 115,215**
2014 | 1,811,719 | 302,183 | 4,063 | 123,495
2015 | 1,905,234 | 338,466 | 3,785 | 136,963
2016 | 2,003,359 | 360,233 | 4,011 | 145,032
2017 | 2,088,283 | 371,881 | 3,362 | 164,153
2018  | 2,114,963  | 364,135  | 4,194  | 165,566
2019  | 2,185,793  | 347,474  | 5,100  | 175,162
2020  | 2,028,841  | 292,582  | 3,756  | 169,272
2021  | 2,213,379  | 302,138  | 5,586  | 194,261
2022  | 2,100,689  | 292,922  | 6,021  | 202,895
2023  | 2,225,793  | 295,358  | 6,032  | 209,066

* In 2008–2012, motorcycle productions figures include Husqvarna models.
** Excluding Husqvarna, sales volume up to 2013: 59,776 units.

## Recalls

In November 2016, BMW recalled 136,000 2007–2012 model year U.S. cars for fuel pump wiring problems possibly resulting in fuel leak and engine stalling or restarting issues.[102]

In 2018, BMW recalled 106,000 diesel vehicles in South Korea with a defective exhaust gas recirculation module, which caused 39 engine fires. The recall was then expanded to 324,000 more cars in Europe.[103] Following the recall in South Korea, the government banned cars which had not yet been inspected from driving on public roads.[104] This affected up to 25% of the recalled cars, where the owners had been notified but the cars had not yet been inspected. BMW is reported to have been aware since 2016 that more than 4% of the affected cars in South Korea had experienced failures in the EGR coolers,[105] leading to approximately 20 owners suing the company.[106]

## Industry collaboration

BMW has collaborated with other car manufacturers on the following occasions:

* McLaren Automotive: BMW designed and produced the V12 engine that powered the McLaren F1.[107][108]
* Groupe PSA (predecessor to Stellantis): Joint production of four-cylinder petrol engines, beginning in 2004.[109]
* Daimler Benz: Joint venture to produce the hybrid drivetrain components used in the ActiveHybrid 7.[110][111] Development of automated driving technology.[112]
* Toyota: Three-part agreement in 2013 to jointly develop fuel cell technology, develop a joint platform for a sports car (for the 2018 BMW Z4 (G29) and Toyota Supra) and research lithium-air batteries.[113][114][115]
* Audi and Mercedes: Joint purchase of Nokia's Here WeGo (formerly Here Maps) in 2015.[116]
* In 2018, Horizn Studios collaborated with BMW to launch special luggage editions.[117]

## Sponsorships

BMW sponsor car at the London 2012 Olympics

BMW made a six-year sponsorship deal with the United States Olympic Committee in July 2010.[118][119]

In golf, BMW has sponsored various events,[120] including the PGA Championship since 2007,[121][122] the Italian Open from 2009 to 2012, the BMW Masters in China from 2012 to 2015[123][124] and the BMW International Open in Munich since 1989.[125]

In rugby, BMW sponsored the South Africa national rugby union team from 2011 to 2015.[126][127]

## Car-sharing services

DriveNow was a joint-venture between BMW and Sixt that operated in Europe from 2011 until 2019. By December 2012,[128] DriveNow operated over 1,000 vehicles, in five cities and with approximately 60,000 customers.[129]

In 2012, the BMW-owned subsidiary Alphabet began a corporate car-sharing service in Europe called AlphaCity.[130][131] The ReachNow car-sharing service was launched in Seattle in April 2016. ReachNow currently operates in Seattle, Portland and Brooklyn.

In 2018, BMW announced the launching of a pilot car subscription service for the United States called Access by BMW (its first one for the country), in Nashville, Tennessee. In January 2021, the company said that Access by BMW was "suspended".[132]

## Overseas subsidiaries

### Production facilities

#### China

The first BMW production facility in China was opened in 2004, as a result of a joint venture between BMW and Brilliance Auto.[133][134] The plant was opened in the Shenyang industrial area and produces 3 Series and 5 Series models for the Chinese market.[135][136] In 2012, a second factory was opened in Shenyang.[137] Between January and November 2014, BMW sold 415,200 vehicles in China, through a network of over 440 BMW stores and 100 Mini stores.[138] On 7 October 2021, BMW announced it would begin additional production of the X5 in China.[61] In February 2022, BMW invested an additional $4.2 billion into the Chinese joint venture, increasing its stake from 50% to 75%, becoming one of the first foreign automakers holding majority stake in China.[139][140] In June 2022, BMW announced a new plant project in Lydia, Shenyang designed for electric vehicles. It will become BMW Group's largest single project in China, costing 15 billion yuan (2.13 billion euros).[141] The investment amount was raised by a further 10 billion yuan (US$1.4 billion) in November 2022, following German Chancellor Olaf Scholz's visit to China.[142]

#### Hungary

On 31 July 2018, BMW announced to build a 1 billion euro car factory in Hungary. The plant, to be built near Debrecen, will have a production capacity of 150,000 cars a year.[143]

#### Mexico

In July 2014, BMW announced it was establishing a plant in Mexico, in the city and state of San Luis Potosí involving an investment of $1 billion. The plant will employ 1,500 people, and produce 150,000 cars annually.[144]

#### Netherlands

The Mini Convertible, Mini Countryman and BMW X1 were produced in the Netherlands at the VDL Nedcar factory in Born up until its closure on February 16, 2024.[145][146][147] The factory was closed after BMW did not renew its contract with VDL Nedcar.[148] Long-term orders for the Mini Countryman ended in 2020.[149]

#### South Africa

BMWs have been assembled in South Africa since 1968,[150] when Praetor Monteerders' plant was opened in Rosslyn, near Pretoria. BMW initially bought shares in the company, before fully acquiring it in 1975; in so doing, the company became BMW South Africa, the first wholly owned subsidiary of BMW to be established outside Germany. Unlike United States manufacturers, such as Ford and GM, which divested from the country in the 1980s, BMW retained full ownership of its operations in South Africa.

Following the end of apartheid in 1994, and the lowering of import tariffs, BMW South Africa ended local production of the 5 Series and 7 Series, in order to concentrate on production of the 3 Series for the export market. South African–built BMWs are now exported to right hand drive markets including Japan, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Hong Kong, as well as Sub-Saharan Africa. Since 1997, BMW South Africa has produced vehicles in left-hand drive for export to Taiwan, the United States and Iran, as well as South America.

Three unique models that BMW Motorsport created for the South African market were the E23 M745i (1983), which used the M88 engine from the BMW M1, the BMW 333i (1986), which added a six-cylinder 3.2-litre M30 engine to the E30,[151] and the E30 BMW 325is (1989) which was powered by an Alpina-derived 2.7-litre engine.

The plant code (position 11 in the VIN) for South African built models is "N".[152]

#### United States

BMW Zentrum museum in Spartanburg, South Carolina

BMW cars have been officially sold in the United States since 1956[153] and manufactured in the United States since 1994.[154] The first BMW dealership in the United States opened in 1975.[155] In 2016, BMW was the twelfth highest selling brand in the United States.[156]

The manufacturing plant in Greer, South Carolina has the highest production of the BMW plants worldwide,[157] currently producing approximately 1,500 vehicles per day.[158] The models produced at the Spartanburg plant are the X3, X4, X5, X6, X7 and XM SUV models.

In addition to the South Carolina manufacturing facility, BMW's North American companies include sales, marketing, design, and financial services operations in the United States, Mexico, Canada and Latin America.

### Complete knock-down assembly facilities

#### Brazil

On 9 October 2014, BMW's new complete knock-down (CKD) assembly plant in Araquari, assembled its first car— an F30 3 Series.[159][160]

The cars assembled at Araquari are the F20 1 Series, F30 3 Series, F48 X1, F25 X3 and Mini Countryman.[161]

#### Egypt

Bavarian Auto Group became the importer of the BMW and Mini brands in 2003. Since 2005, the 3 Series, 5 Series, 7 Series, X1 and X3 models sold in Egypt are assembled from complete knock-down components at the BMW plant in Cairo.[161]

#### India

BMW India was established in 2006 as a sales subsidiary with a head office located in Gurugram. A BMW complete knock-down assembly plant was opened in Chennai in 2007, assembling Indian-market 3 Series, 5 Series, 7 Series, X1, X3, X5, Mini Countryman and motorcycle models.[161][162] The 20 Million Euro plant aims to produce 1,700 cars per year.

#### Indonesia

PT. BMW Indonesia was established in 2001 as a subsidiary with a head office located in Central Jakarta. It was managed by PT. Astra International. 10 years later in 2011, BMW Group invested more than 100 Billion Indonesian rupiah to expand its production, by establish the complete knock-down (CKD) assembly plant in Gaya Motor's production facility in Sunter, Jakarta. the plant is currently assembling Indonesian-market 2 Series (gran coupé), 3 Series (sedan), 5 Series (sedan), 7 Series, X1, X3, X5, X7, and Mini Countryman.

#### Malaysia

BMW's complete knock-down (CKD) assembly plant in Kedah. Assembled Malaysia-market 1 Series, 3 Series, 5 Series, 7 Series, X1, X3, X4, X5, X6 and Mini Countryman since 2008.[163]

#### Russia

Russian-market 3 Series and 5 Series cars are assembled from complete knock-down components in Kaliningrad beginning in 1999.[164] In March 2022, BMW withdrew from the Russian market, ceased new car sales in Russia, and ceased production within Russia, in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[165]

#### Uruguay

In Uruguay, Spanish-born businessman José Arijón founded Convex (later Camur), which assembled BMW cars from 1965 to 1992. Four models were produced: the 1600, 2002, 3 Series and 5 Series, totalling 12,000 units.[166][167]

### Vehicle importers

#### Canada

BMW's first dealership in Canada, located in Ottawa, was opened in 1969.[168] In 1986, BMW established a head office in Canada.[169] BMW sold 28,149 vehicles in Canada in 2008.[170]

#### Japan

BMW Japan Corp, a wholly owned subsidiary, imports and distributes BMW vehicles in Japan.[171]

#### Philippines

BMW Philippines, an owned subsidiary of San Miguel Corporation, is the official importer and distributor of BMW in the Philippines.[172] BMW sold 920 vehicles in the Philippines in 2019.[173]

#### Korea

BMW Korea imports BMW vehicles in South Korea with more than fifty service centers to fully cater to South Korean customers. BMW Korea has its own driving center near Incheon International Airport.[174]

#### Singapore

BMW car represented almost 10% of all new cars registered in 2025, making it the third most popular car brand.[175]

## Criticism

BMW has received criticism for attempting to lock vehicle hardware features behind subscription fees. In 2018, BMW stated at the Detroit Auto Show that it will start charging users a subscription fee for Apple Car Play. After receiving widespread criticism, BMW removed the subscription.[176][177] In 2022, BMW announced that it will start charging owners $18 a month to use heated seats.[178] They removed the feature in 2023 after it was criticised.[179]

## See also

* BMW Group Classic
* List of BMW engines

## References

1. ↑ Lewin, Tony (November 2016). The BMW Century: The Ultimate Performance Machines. Motorbooks. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-7603-5017-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=vNUsDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA9.
2. ↑ Lewin, Tony (November 2016). The BMW Century: The Ultimate Performance Machines. Motorbooks. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-7603-5017-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=vNUsDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA9.
3. ↑ Reuss, Eberhard (2008). Hitler's Motor Racing Battles: The Silver Arrows Under the Swastika. Haynes Publishing UK. ISBN 9781844254767.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 "BMW Group Report 2025". BMW AG. pp. 328–329. https://www.bmwgroup.com/en/report/2025/downloads/BMW-Group-Report-2025-en.pdf.
5. ↑ "BMW Group shareholder structure.". https://www.bmwgroup.com/en/investor-relations/bmw-shares.html#shareholder-structure.
6. ↑ "BMW Group Report 2025". https://www.bmwgroup.com/content/dam/grpw/websites/bmwgroup_com/ir/downloads/en/2026/bericht/BMW-Group-Report-2025-en.pdf.
7. ↑ "Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft". 12 December 1995. https://opencorporates.com/companies/de/D2601V_HRB42243.
8. ↑ Lewin, Tony (November 2016). The BMW Century: The Ultimate Performance Machines. Motorbooks. pp. 9–10. ISBN 978-0-7603-5017-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=vNUsDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA9.
9. ↑ "History". BMW AG. https://www.bmwgroup.com/en/company/history.html.
10. ↑ "2023 Worldwide Car Sales by Manufacturer". F&I Tools USA. 2023. https://www.factorywarrantylist.com/car-sales-by-manufacturer.html.
11. ↑ "Umsatz der weltweit führenden Automobilhersteller". https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/30723/umfrage/umsatz-der-weltweit-fuehrenden-automobilhersteller/.
12. ↑ "The Global 2000 2023" (in en). https://www.forbes.com/lists/global2000/?sh=51d599675ac0.
13. ↑ "Tegenslag voor Nedcar: BMW stopt in 2023 met de productie in Born". 15 October 2020. https://nos.nl/artikel/2352434-tegenslag-voor-nedcar-bmw-stopt-in-2023-met-de-productie-in-born.
14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Horsepower under the hood and skeletons in the closet: BMW celebrates 100 years". 2016. https://www.dw.com/en/horsepower-under-the-hood-and-skeletons-in-the-closet-bmw-celebrates-100-years/a-19095189.
15. ↑ "BMW, Mercedes pivot from enemies to partners in new auto era". The Times of India. 2018-12-20. ISSN 0971-8257. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/auto/miscellaneous/bmw-mercedes-pivot-from-enemies-to-partners-in-new-auto-era/articleshow/67176867.cms.
16. ↑ "Mercedes Fully Owned Audi In 1959 When It Nearly Bought BMW" (in en). https://www.motor1.com/news/699865/mercedes-owned-audi-almost-bought-bmw/.
17. ↑ "BMW and the Holocaust". Jewish Virtual Library. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/bmw-and-the-holocaust.
18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 "Forced Labor: Varta Battery Factories". Jewish Virtual Library. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/varta-battery-factories.
19. ↑ Bonstein, Julia; Hawranek, Dietmar; Wiegrefe, Klaus (2007-10-12). "Breaking the Silence: BMW's Quandt Family to Investigate Wealth Amassed in Third Reich" (in en). Der Spiegel. ISSN 2195-1349. https://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/breaking-the-silence-bmw-s-quandt-family-to-investigate-wealth-amassed-in-third-reich-a-511193.html.
20. ↑ "BMW 2002 turbo". https://bmw-grouparchiv.de/research/detail/index.xhtml?id=3826800.
21. ↑ "BMW 1602 Elektro". https://bmw-grouparchiv.de/research/detail/index.xhtml?id=3921907.
22. ↑ Digitale, Usine (28 March 2018). "BMW et Daimler regroupent leurs services de mobilité". https://www.usine-digitale.fr/article/bmw-et-daimler-regroupent-leurs-services-mobilites.N673254.
23. ↑ "Oliver Zipse appointed new Chairman of the Board of Management of BMW AG" (in en). https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/detail/T0298910EN/oliver-zipse-appointed-new-chairman-of-the-board-of-management-of-bmw-ag?language=en.
24. ↑ "106th Annual General Meeting: Oliver Zipse hands over Chairmanship of the Board of Management of BMW AG to Milan Nedeljković" (in en). BMW Group PressClub Global. 13 May 2026. https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/detail/T0457779EN/106th-annual-general-meeting:-oliver-zipse-hands-over-chairmanship-of-the-board-of-management-of-bmw-ag-to-milan-nedeljković?language=en.
25. ↑ "BMW sales fall 8.4% in 2020 as coronavirus takes toll". Reuters. 12 January 2021. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bmw-results-idUSKBN29H0Y7.
26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Haider, Martin (2020-06-30). "Electrifying Times: restructuring and decision-making in an automobile concern in the 21st century – The case of BMW Group". Hungarian Geographical Bulletin 69 (2): 119–135. doi:10.15201/hungeobull.69.2.3. Bibcode: 2020HuGBu..69..119H. https://ojs.mtak.hu/index.php/hungeobull/article/view/3209.
27. ↑ Kukkamalla, Prasanna Kumar; Bikfalvi, Andrea; Arbussa, Anna (2021-07-07). "The new BMW: business model innovation transforms an automotive leader" (in en). Journal of Business Strategy 42 (4): 268–277. doi:10.1108/JBS-02-2020-0021. ISSN 0275-6668. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JBS-02-2020-0021/full/html.
28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Silvestro, Brian (18 January 2022). "BMW Waves Goodbye to the V-12 With a Final Edition M760Li". Road & Track. Hearst Communications. https://www.roadandtrack.com/news/a38803898/bmw-m760li-final-edition-v12/.
29. ↑ Sergeev, Angel (October 5, 2023). "Rolls-Royce CEO Retires, Chris Brownridge Named New Boss". https://www.motor1.com/news/690049/rolls-royce-new-ceo-announcement/.
30. ↑ "BMW Group scores circular economy win with high-voltage batteries" (in en). https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/detail/T0447286EN/bmw-group-scores-circular-economy-win-with-high-voltage-batteries?language=en.
31. ↑ https://www.sktes.com/press-release/sk-tes-partners-with-bmw-group-on-battery-recycling
32. ↑ Kharpal, Arjun (2025-09-10). "Qualcomm unveils driverless tech with BMW, sees 'domino effect' of customers" (in en). https://www.cnbc.com/2025/09/10/qualcomm-bmw-launch-driverless-tech-ceo-says-other-carmakers-next.html.
33. ↑ "Growth in EU private R&D investment slows | Science|Business" (in en). https://sciencebusiness.net/news/eu-budget/growth-eu-private-rd-investment-slows.
34. ↑ Hans List: Vorwort und Einführung zum Gesamtwerk. Band 1 von Die Verbrennungskraftmaschine, Springer, Wien, 1949. ISBN 9783662294888. Verzeichnis der Abkürzungen
35. ↑ Roland Löwisch: BMW - Die schönsten Modelle: 100 Jahre Design und Technik' by azar. HEEL, 2016, ISBN 9783958434066. p 7.
36. ↑ "BMW 1970s brochure for the United States". https://bmw-grouparchiv.de/research/media/9cc857a2-7fa5-4080-ba54-fd5494794417/web.
37. ↑ Bee em / BMW Motorcycle Club of Victoria Inc. National Library of Australia. http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/3913069. Retrieved 23 October 2009.
38. ↑ "No Toupees allowed". Bangkok Post. 2 October 2009. http://www.bangkokpost.com/auto/autoreview/24915/no-toupees-allowed.
39. ↑ Lighter, Jonathan E. (1994). Random House Historical Dictionary of American Slang: A-G. 1. Random House. pp. 126–27. ISBN 978-0-394-54427-4. https://archive.org/details/randomhousehisto01ligh/page/126. "Beemer n. [BMW + ''er''] a BMW automobile. Also Beamer."
40. ↑ Lighter, Jonathan E. (1994). Random House Historical Dictionary of American Slang: A-G. 1. Random House. p. 159. ISBN 978-0-394-54427-4. https://archive.org/details/randomhousehisto01ligh/page/159. "Bimmer n. Beemer."
41. ↑ 1982 S. Black Totally Awesome 83 BMW ("Beemer").
1985 L.A. Times (13 April) V 4: Id much rather drive my Beemer than a truck.
1989 L. Roberts Full Cleveland 39: Baby boomers... in... late-model Beemers.
1990 Hull High (NBC-TV): You should ee my dad's new Beemer.
1991 Cathy (synd. cartoon strip) (21 April): Sheila... [ground] multi-grain snack chips crumbs into the back seat of my brand-new Beamer!
1992 Time (18 May) 84: Its residents tend to drive pickups or subcompacts, not Beemers or Rolles.
42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 "The BMW Logo – meaning and history". BMW. https://www.bmw.com/en/automotive-life/bmw-logo-meaning-history1.html.
43. ↑ BMW (5 June 2010). "The origin of the BMW logo". https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=znBnNJ1Fv08.
44. ↑ Williams, Stephen (7 January 2010). "BMW Roundel: Not Born From Planes". The New York Times. http://wheels.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/01/07/bmw-roundel-not-born-from-planes/.
45. ↑ "BMW changes logo for digital age" (in en). https://www.autonews.com/automakers/bmw-changes-logo-digital-age/.
46. ↑ "Introducing BMW's new brand design for online and offline communication". https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/detail/T0306305EN/introducing-bmw’s-new-brand-design-for-online-and-offline-communication.
47. ↑ Gartenberg, Chaim (4 March 2020). "BMW's new flat logo is everything that's wrong with modern logo design". https://www.theverge.com/2020/3/4/21163766/bmw-new-flat-logo-design-bad-transparent-background-cars.
48. ↑ "The history behind the BMW slogan "Sheer Driving Pleasure"". https://www.bmw.com/en/automotive-life/the-history-of-the-bmw-slogan.html.
49. ↑ "Fifty Five years of "Freude am Fahren": The quintessential BMW slogan". 31 March 2020. https://www.bmwblog.com/2020/03/31/fifty-five-years-of-freude-am-fahren-the-quintessential-bmw-slogan/.
50. ↑ "The history behind the BMW slogan "Sheer Driving Pleasure"". https://www.bmw.com/en/automotive-life/the-history-of-the-bmw-slogan.html.
51. ↑ "The Stories Behind 10 of the Most Iconic Brand Slogans". 7 April 2015. https://www.highsnobiety.com/2015/04/07/brand-slogan-history/.
52. ↑ "Can Lutz repeat his BMW marketing magic at GM?". http://www.autonews.com/article/20090821/COPY02/308209997/can-lutz-repeat-his-bmw-marketing-magic-at-gm.
53. ↑ "The Ultimate Ad Slogan: BMW becomes the Ultimate Driving Machine". February 10, 2025. https://www.bmwusanews.com/newsrelease.do?id=4519&searchresult.
54. ↑ "BMW Still the Ultimate Driving Machine". Forbes.com. 31 May 2012. https://www.forbes.com/sites/jimhenry/2012/05/31/bmw-still-the-ultimate-driving-machine-not-that-it-ever-wasnt/. Retrieved 29 September 2013.
55. ↑ "Madrid Yearly Review 2024". p. 22. https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo-pub-940-2024-en-madrid-yearly-review-2024.pdf.
56. ↑ GB, BMW Car Club (2020-04-08). "Straight Six Throwback: - BMW: The COMPANY IN THE UK 1960 TO 1980" (in en-GB). https://bmwcarclubgb.uk/2020/04/08/straight-six-throwback-bmw-the-company-in-the-uk-1960-to-1980/.
57. ↑ "The Prussian noble who molded BMW". Automotive News. https://www.autonews.com/files/euroauto/inductees/kuenheim2004.htm.
58. ↑ Coleman, Brian (8 February 1999). "BMW's Chairman Resigns; Milberg Is Named as Successor". The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB918243879975795000.
59. ↑ "Helmut Panke". https://www.europeanceo.com/profiles/helmut-panke/.
60. ↑ "Dr. Norbert Reithofer to Succeed Helmut Panke as BMW Chairman". http://www.mwerks.com/artman/publish/bmw_news/printer_1087.shtml.
61. ↑ 61.0 61.1 "Stocks". https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/stocks.
62. ↑ Sachgau, Oliver (21 July 2019). "BMW's new CEO brings steeliness to chart electric-car course". The Detroit News. https://www.detroitnews.com/story/business/autos/foreign/2019/07/21/bmw-new-ceo-oliver-zipse-charts-electric-vehicle-course/39706711/.
63. ↑ "106th Annual General Meeting: Oliver Zipse hands over Chairmanship of the Board of Management of BMW AG to Milan Nedeljković" (in en). BMW Group PressClub Global. 13 May 2026. https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/detail/T0457779EN/106th-annual-general-meeting:-oliver-zipse-hands-over-chairmanship-of-the-board-of-management-of-bmw-ag-to-milan-nedeljković?language=en.
64. ↑ "BMW CEO change: Oliver Zipse hands over to Milan Nedeljković" (in en). https://zvelta.eu/blog/bmw-ceo-change-oliver-zipse-milan-nedeljkovic.
65. ↑ 65.0 65.1 "BMW AG: Shareholders Board Members Managers and Company Profile | DE0005190003 | MarketScreener" (in en). https://www.marketscreener.com/quote/stock/BMW-AG-56358353/company/.
66. ↑ "BMW St Fundamentalanalyse | KGV | Kennzahlen" (in de). https://www.boerse.de/fundamental-analyse/BMW-St-Aktie/DE0005190003.
67. ↑ "BMW Fundamentals (2007-2015)". 2017-02-14. http://www.boerse.de/fundamental-analyse/BMW-St-Aktie/DE0005190003.
68. ↑ "BMW Fundamentals (2013-2021)". 2022-12-08. https://www.boerse.de/fundamental-analyse/BMW-St-Aktie/DE0005190003.
69. ↑ "Company Reports" (in en). https://www.bmwgroup.com/en/investor-relations/company-reports.html.
70. ↑ "BMW Group: Car shipments yearly" (in en). https://www.statista.com/statistics/264342/global-sales-volume-of-automobiles-of-bmw-group/.
71. ↑ Peter Gantriis, Henry Von Wartenberg. "The Art of BMW: 85 Years of Motorcycling Excellence". MotorBooks International, September 2008, p. 10.
72. ↑ "What is the history of BMW motorcycles in the USA?". https://www.reference.com/vehicles/history-bmw-motorcycles-usa-5e17ca6bfcbc7a67?qo=cdpArticles.
73. ↑ "R75WH". 30 November 2018. http://www.vintagebmw.org/v7/model/r75wh.
74. ↑ "BMW Telelever Explained". https://www.motorbikestoday.com/features/Articles/bmw_telelever.htm.
75. ↑ O'Kane, Sean (12 September 2018). "BMW made a self-driving motorcycle". https://www.theverge.com/2018/9/12/17847508/bmw-motorrad-self-driving-motorcycle.
76. ↑ Su, Jean Baptiste (14 September 2018). "BMW Unveils The First Driverless Motorcycle" (in en). https://www.forbes.com/sites/jeanbaptiste/2018/09/14/bmw-unveils-the-first-driverless-motorcycle/.
77. ↑ "Electrified by BMW i - BMW iPerformance: Plug-in hybrids with BMW i know-how". BMW Group. November 2016. http://www.bmw.com/com/en/insights/corporation/iperformance/index.html.
78. ↑ 78.0 78.1 "Electrification completed: New BMW 5 Series Sedan now also available with plug-in hybrid drive." (in en). https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/detail/T0437229EN/electrification-completed:-new-bmw-5-series-sedan-now-also-available-with-plug-in-hybrid-drive?language=en.
79. ↑ "Progress and efficiency with added variety: additional drive system variants and innovations for the new BMW 7 Series." (in en). https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/detail/T0404080EN/progress-and-efficiency-with-added-variety:-additional-drive-system-variants-and-innovations-for-the-new-bmw-7-series?language=en.
80. ↑ "BMW Plug-in Hybrid Models". BMW UK. 19 May 2020. https://www.bmw.co.uk/en/topics/discover/electric-and-phev/plug-in-hybrids.html. The 330e and 530e are available as sedan or saloon and wagon or touring trims.
81. ↑ "BMW M models". BMW USA. https://www.bmwusa.com/vehicles/bmw-m/models.html#electrified-performance-m-models .
82. ↑ "The Next-Generation BMW X5 M Could Debut Early In 2020" (in en-us). 30 December 2017. https://carbuzz.com/news/the-next-generation-bmw-x5-m-could-debut-early-in-2020.
83. ↑ "2020 BMW X6 (G06) Spied In Spartanburg" (in en). 25 June 2018. https://www.autoevolution.com/news/2020-bmw-x6-g06-spied-in-spartanburg-126617.html.
84. ↑ 84.0 84.1 Patton, Phil (12 March 2009). "These Canvases Need Oil and a Good Driver". The New York Times: p. AU1. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/15/automobiles/collectibles/15artcars.html.
85. ↑ Williams, Stephen (31 December 2009). "Touring the Temples of German Automaking". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/03/automobiles/03museums.html.
86. ↑ Schmitt, Bernd; Van Zutphen, Glenn (2012), Happy Customers Everywhere: How Your Business Can Profit from the Insights of Positive Psychology, Macmillan, p. 64, ISBN 9781137000460, https://books.google.com/books?id=UPi7nca0jukC&pg=PA64
87. ↑ "The Short List Is in for the 2021 Edition of the BMW Art Journey Initiative. And the Nominees Are..." (in en-US). 21 May 2021. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/bmw-art-journey-2021-short-list-1970462.
88. ↑ "The BMW Painting Award". https://cultura.acciona.com/projects/the-bmw-painting-award.
89. ↑ "When merchants enter the temple; Marketing museums". The Economist. 21 April 2001. http://www9.georgetown.edu/faculty/irvinem/visualarts/museums/Economist-MuseumMarketing-Guggenheim-04-19-01.html. Retrieved 8 August 2009.
90. ↑ Vogel, Carol (3 August 1998). "Latest Biker Hangout? Guggenheim Ramp". The New York Times: p. A1. https://www.nytimes.com/1998/08/03/arts/latest-biker-hangout-guggenheim-ramp.html.
91. ↑ "About the Guide – "I don't think anybody has been to all these places."" (in en). https://www.bmw-art-guide.com/about-the-guide.
92. ↑ "HYPERALLERGIC: The Fourth BMW Art Guide by Independent Collectors". 13 December 2016. http://hyperallergic.com/343491/the-fourth-bmw-art-guide-by-independent-collectors/.
93. ↑ "BMW increasing Spartanburg production to 200,000 yearly". BMW Car Club of America. http://www.bmwcca.org/node/8278.
94. ↑ "Contact Us". https://www.bmwusfactory.com/contact-us/.
95. ↑ "BMW Group Plant San Luis Potosi". https://www.bmwgroup-werke.com/san-luis-potosi/en.html.
96. ↑ "BMW Group Production". BMW Customer Service. May 2005. p. 3. https://archive.org/details/bmw-group-media-information.
97. ↑ "Almost all UK car production paused amid virus fears" (in en-GB). BBC News. 18 March 2020. https://www.bbc.com/news/business-51944301.
98. ↑ "World Motor Vehicle Production, OICA correspondents survey 2006". http://oica.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/07/bmw.pdf.
99. ↑ 99.0 99.1 "Annual Report 2010". BMW Group. http://annual-report.bmwgroup.com/2010/gb/files/pdf/en/BMW_Group_AR2010.pdf.
100. ↑ Holloway, Hilton (11 February 2011). "The future of BMW's engines". Autocar. http://www.autocar.co.uk/blogs/autocarconfidential/archive/2011/02/18/the-future-of-bmw-s-engines.aspx.
101. ↑ Ludwig, Christopher (22 December 2016). "BMW's 'connected' logistics: Shaping a self-steering supply chain". Automotive Logistics. http://automotivelogistics.media/intelligence/bmw-shaping-self-steering-supply-chain. "logistics as the "heart of BMW's production system": 30m parts per day move from 1,800 suppliers; 7,000 sea freight containers per day, and in a year 84 million cubic metres across ocean, road, rail and air freight. Outbound, around 9,000 vehicles leave BMW plants each day on their way to 4,500 dealers in 160 countries. 63% of cars leave plants by train"
102. ↑ Atiyeh, Clifford (November 2016). "BMW Recalls 136,000 Cars for Fuel Leaks and Stalling" (in en). https://www.caranddriver.com/news/bmw-recalls-136000-cars-for-fuel-leaks-and-stalling.
103. ↑ Randewich, Noel; Duguid, Kate (7 August 2018). "BMW recalls 324,000 cars in Europe after Korean engine fires: FAZ". https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bmw-recall/bmw-recalls-324000-cars-in-europe-after-korean-engine-fires-faz-idUSKBN1KS1ST.
104. ↑ Mullen, Jethro (14 August 2018). "BMW Recall: South Korea announces ban after engine fires". CNN. https://money.cnn.com/2018/08/14/news/companies/bmw-korea-fire-recall/index.html.
105. ↑ "BMW코리아 '시정계획서'엔…2년 전 결함 인지→본사 보고까지 : 네이버 뉴스" (in ko). https://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=001&oid=437&aid=0000188659.
106. ↑ "BMW코리아·본사가 결함 은폐해온 의혹" 차주들, 고소 나선다 : 네이버 뉴스" (in ko). https://news.naver.com/main/ranking/read.nhn?mid=etc&sid1=111&rankingType=popular_day&oid=032&aid=0002886392&date=20180808&type=0&rankingSeq=2&rankingSectionId=103.
107. ↑ "McLaren F1 Supercar". https://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/mclaren-f1-supercar-road-test-review.
108. ↑ "Jay Leno Pulls Out McLaren F1's V12 Engine for All to See". https://www.carscoops.com/2013/07/jay-leno-pulls-out-mclaren-f1-v12.html.
109. ↑ "PSA, BMW Collaboration Grows". 19 January 2007. https://wardsauto.com/news-analysis/psa-bmw-collaboration-grows.
110. ↑ "2010 BMW ActiveHybrid 7 Review". 13 August 2009. https://www.topspeed.com/cars/bmw/2010-bmw-activehybrid-7-ar77932.html.
111. ↑ "2010 BMW ActiveHybrid 7 – Official Information". 12 August 2009. https://www.bmwblog.com/2009/08/12/2010-bmw-activehybrid-7-official-information/.
112. ↑ "BMW and Daimler to develop automated driving tech" (in en). 5 July 2019. https://www.turnto23.com/news/national/bmw-and-daimler-partner-together-to-develop-automated-driving-technology.
113. ↑ "BMW Group and Toyota Motor Corporation Deepen Collaboration by Signing Binding Agreements". https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/detail/T0136503EN/bmw-group-and-toyota-motor-corporation-deepen-collaboration-by-signing-binding-agreements?language=en.
114. ↑ "BMW, Toyota Confirm Hydrogen Fuel Cell, Technology Deals". 24 January 2013. http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1081864_bmw-to-build-hydrogen-fuel-cell-cars-with-toyota-technology.
115. ↑ "BMW and Toyota sign Agreement for Fuel Cell System, Sports Vehicle, Lightweight Technology and Lithium-air Battery". 24 January 2013. https://www.bmwblog.com/2013/01/24/bmw-and-toyota-sign-agreement-for-fuel-cell-system-sports-vehicle-lightweight-technology-and-lithium-air-battery/.
116. ↑ "Nokia sells Here maps unit to Audi, BMW, and Mercedes for $3 billion". 3 August 2015. https://www.theverge.com/2015/8/3/9088727/nokia-sells-here-maps.
117. ↑ "Horizn Studios Introduces New Product Line". vegconomist.com. 29 November 2018. https://vegconomist.com/products-and-launches/horizn-studios-introduces-new-product-line/.
118. ↑ "BMW, USOC make 6-year sponsorship deal official". https://www.teamusa.org/News/2010/July/26/BMW-USOC-make-6-year-sponsorship-deal-official.
119. ↑ "BMW to sponsor America's Olympic committee". 23 July 2010. https://www.autonews.com/article/20100726/OEM/100729924/bmw-to-sponsor-americas-olympic-committee.
120. ↑ "BMW Int'l Sponsorship Head Eckhard Wannieck Talks About Company's Sports Sponsorships". https://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Global/Issues/2013/04/10/Marketing-and-Sponsorship/BMW-QA-Eckhard-Wannieck.aspx.
121. ↑ "BMW extends sponsorship of BMW Championship". https://www.pgatour.com/news/2014/05/27/bmw-extends-title-sponsorship-bmw-championship.html.
122. ↑ "Sponsors". https://www.pgatour.com/tournaments/bmw-championship/sponsors.html.
123. ↑ "Who Does What: Automobile Manufacturers". https://www.sponsorship.com/iegsr/2014/05/12/Who-Does-What--Automobile-Manufacturers.aspx.
124. ↑ "A Slow And Steady Course: Inside BMW's Sponsorship Strategy". https://www.sponsorship.com/IEGSR/2012/11/19/A-Slow-And-Steady-Course--Inside-BMW-s-Sponsorship.aspx.
125. ↑ "BMW extends sponsorship of Wentworth PGA event". Sportbusiness.com. http://www.sportbusiness.com/news/176850/bmw-extends-sponsorship-of-wentworth-pga-event.
126. ↑ "BMW named new Springbok sponsor". https://www.supersport.com/rugby/article.aspx?Id=418826.
127. ↑ "BMW SA drops the Springboks". http://www.wheels24.co.za/News/bmw-sa-drops-the-springboks-20151123.
128. ↑ "About DriveNow Car Sharing from BMW & Sixt" (in en). https://www.drive-now.com/de/en/about.
129. ↑ "BMW Group takes top prize at the 2012 Corporate Entrepreneur Awards for premium car-sharing joint venture DriveNow. Jury impressed by willingness to trial new models of mobility". Electricdrive.org. 30 October 2012. http://electricdrive.org/index.php?ht=d/ReleaseDetails/id/33626.
130. ↑ "Alphabet Business Mobility solutions" (in en). https://www.bmwgroup.com/en/brands-and-services/alphabet.html.
131. ↑ "Corporate car sharing scheme claims to be a first" (in en). https://www.fleetnews.co.uk/news/2012/4/2/corporate-car-sharing-scheme-claims-to-be-a-first/43077/.
132. ↑ Hawkins, Andrew J (14 January 2021). "BMW becomes the latest automaker to shut down its subscription service". The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/2021/1/14/22231451/bmw-access-subscription-shut-down-nashville-cancel.
133. ↑ "General Overview". http://www.brillianceauto.com/company/overview.html.
134. ↑ "BMW opens China factory" (in en). http://www.testdriven.co.uk/news.cfm/bmw-opens-china-factory.
135. ↑ "Brands and Products – BMW Vehicles & SAVs". http://www.brillianceauto.com/brands/bmw.html.
136. ↑ "People's Daily Online -- BMW launches new plant in Shenyang". http://english.people.com.cn/200405/21/eng20040521_144003.html.
137. ↑ Schmidt, Nico (2012-05-24). "BMW to Boost China Investment" (in en-US). Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304840904577423561102781568.
138. ↑ "BMW to Pay $820 Million to China Car Dealers, Group Says" (in en). Bloomberg. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2015-01-05/bmw-to-pay-820-million-to-china-car-dealers-group-says.html.
139. ↑ Bryan, Cristante (2026-04-12). "GG88" (in vi). https://mobisafargov.in.net/.
140. ↑ Waldersee, Victoria (11 February 2022). "BMW pays $4.2 BLN to take control of Chinese JV". https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/bmw-receives-license-take-75-stake-china-joint-venture-bmw-brilliance-automotive-2022-02-11/.
141. ↑ "BMW to open a new factory in Shenyang - electrive.com" (in en-US). 2022-06-23. https://www.electrive.com/2022/06/23/bmw-to-open-a-new-factory-in-shenyang/.
142. ↑ "BMW confirms it will invest another US$1.4 billion in Chinese EV battery plant" (in en). 2022-11-14. https://www.scmp.com/business/companies/article/3199580/bmw-confirms-it-will-invest-another-us14-billion-chinese-ev-battery-plant.
143. ↑ "BMW to build 1 billion euro car factory in Hungary". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bmw-production-factory/bmw-to-build-1-billion-euro-car-factory-in-hungary-idUSKBN1KL12X.
144. ↑ "Joining rivals, BMW to set up $1bn plant in Mexico". Mexico Star. http://www.mexicostar.com/index.php/sid/223478259/scat/4b980140662cfc90/ht/Joining-rivals-BMW-to-set-up-1bn-plant-in-Mexico.
145. ↑ "BMW Group Report 2020". March 2021. p. 93. https://report.bmwgroup.com/data/pdf/en/BMW-Group-Bericht-2020-EN.pdf.
146. ↑ "Nedcar rescue deal finalised". 1 October 2012. https://www.dutchnews.nl/news/2012/10/nedcar_rescue_deal_finalised/.
147. ↑ NWS, VRT (2024-02-16). "Laatste auto rolt van de band bij Nedcar in Born, ook honderden Belgen verliezen hun baan | VRT NWS: nieuws" (in nl). https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2024/02/16/laatste-auto-rolt-van-de-band-bij-nedcar-in-born-ook-honderden/.
148. ↑ "Limburg factory that once built BMWs to become military production hub | NL Times" (in en). 2025-03-23. https://nltimes.nl/2025/03/23/limburg-factory-built-bmws-become-military-production-hub.
149. ↑ "VDL Nedcar: no new follow-up order for MINI Countryman". 15 October 2020. https://www.vdlgroep.com/en/news/vdl-nedcar-no-new-follow-up-order-for-mini-countryman.
150. ↑ "Corporate Information: History". BMW South Africa. http://www.bmw.co.za/products/automobiles/bmw_insights/history.asp.
151. ↑ "BMW South Africa – Plant Rosslyn". Bmwplant.co.za. http://www.bmwplant.co.za/Content/frame_content.jsp@content=http-3a-2f-2fhaf0gau02~5.htm.
152. ↑ "Manufacturer's Information Dabase". https://vpic.nhtsa.dot.gov/mid/home/displayfile/ae84a23f-b450-43ee-a7ea-ed4ce5e1f0b3.
153. ↑ "Isetta 300 model selection". http://www.realoem.com/bmw/en/select?product=P&archive=1&series=ISE&body=Ise1&model=Isetta+300&market=USA.
154. ↑ "Company - History". https://www.bmwgroup.com/en/company/history.html.
155. ↑ "This is how BMW became the top selling luxury car company in the U.S.". http://fortune.com/2015/05/12/bmw-luxury-sales/.
156. ↑ "Sales by Manufacturer". https://www.edmunds.com/industry-center/data/sales-by-manufacturer.html.
157. ↑ "BMW Plant Spartanburg leads U.S. auto exports". Roundel (BMW Car Club of America): 30. April 2015. ISSN 0889-3225.
158. ↑ "Production". BMW Manufacturing Co.. https://www.bmwgroup-plants.com/spartanburg/en/our-plant/site-infos.html.
159. ↑ "BMW Group assembles first car in Brazil". press.bmwgroup.com. 9 October 2014. https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/pressDetail.html?title=bmw-group-assembles-first-car-in-brazil&outputChannelId=6&id=T0194443EN&left_menu_item=node__4088.
160. ↑ "BMW Brazil to export X1 SUVs to US". https://www.just-auto.com/news/bmw-brazil-to-export-x1-suvs-to-us_id169279.aspx.
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162. ↑ "International BMW website". Bmw.in. 11 December 2006. http://www.bmw.in/in/en/index_narrowband.html.
163. ↑ "BMW: Global growth". https://www.automotivemanufacturingsolutions.com/bmw-global-growth/33962.article.
164. ↑ "Production of new BMW 5 series begins in Kaliningrad". 29 March 2004. http://newsfromrussia.com/main/2004/03/29/53072.html.
165. ↑ "BMW приостанавливает производство и импорт автомобилей в Россию" (in ru). Интерфакс. 1 March 2022. https://www.interfax.ru/business/825576.
166. ↑ "Los 50 del 2002" (in es). 8 November 2018. https://motorsports.com.uy/2018/11/los-50-del-2002.html.
167. ↑ "Primer aniversario de la partida física de José Arijón Rama" (in es). 29 April 2019. https://www.elpais.com.uy/informacion/primer-aniversario-de-la-partida-fisica-de-jose-arijon-rama.
168. ↑ "The Otto's Story". http://www.bmwottos.ca/en/ottos_story.php.
169. ↑ "In photos: The evolution and history of BMW as it turns 100". 7 March 2016. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-drive/in-photos-100-years-of-bmw/article29032892/.
170. ↑ "History of BMW Canada". https://www.bmwlondon.ca/history-bmw-canada/.
171. ↑ "About BMW Japan Corp". http://bmwcareer.jp/en/bmwjapan/.
172. ↑ "BMW Philippines". https://www.bmw.com.ph/en/index.html.
173. ↑ "Philippine auto industry reports 416,637 unit sales in 2019". autoindustriya.com. 3 February 2020. https://www.autoindustriya.com/auto-industry-news/philippine-auto-industry-sold-416-637-units-in-2019.html.
174. ↑ "Introduction to BMW Korea". https://www.bmw.co.kr/ko/discover/corporation/BMW-korea-introduction.html.
175. ↑ "BYD cements lead as Singapore's top-selling car brand as EV sales surge to 45% of new registrations" (in en). https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/byd-top-selling-car-brand-ev-sales-5878551.
176. ↑ "BMW will drop its Apple CarPlay fees (updated)" (in en-US). 2019-12-04. https://www.engadget.com/2019-12-04-bmw-apple-carplay-waives-subscription-fee.html.
177. ↑ Estrada, Zac (2018-01-16). "Is BMW going to make you pay for Apple CarPlay every year?" (in en). https://www.theverge.com/2018/1/16/16897326/bmw-apple-carplay-subscription-google-alexa-detroit-auto-show-2018.
178. ↑ Vincent, James (2022-07-12). "BMW starts selling heated seat subscriptions for $18 a month" (in en). https://www.theverge.com/2022/7/12/23204950/bmw-subscriptions-microtransactions-heated-seats-feature.
179. ↑ Hawkins, Andrew J. (2023-09-07). "BMW drops plan to charge a monthly fee for heated seats" (in en). https://www.theverge.com/2023/9/7/23863258/bmw-cancel-heated-seat-subscription-microtransaction.

## Further reading

* Grunert, Manfred; Triebe, Florian (2006) (in de). Das Unternehmen BMW seit 1916. Königswinter, Germany: Heel Verlag. ISBN 3932169468.
* Hodges, David (2000). BMW. Suttons Photographic History of Transport series. Stroud, Gloucestershire, England: Sutton Publishing. ISBN 0750921447.
* Kiley, David (2004). Driven: Inside BMW, the Most Admired Car Company in the World. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-26920-5. https://archive.org/details/driveninsidebmwm00kile_0/mode/2up.
* Lewandowski, Jürgen (2006) (in de). BMW: Typen und Geschichte (3rd ed.). Bielefeld: Delius Klasing. ISBN 3768814203.
* Lewin, Tony (2022). BMW Century (2nd ed.). Beverly, MA, USA: Motorbooks. ISBN 9780760373774.
* Noakes, Andrew (2010). The Ultimate History of BMW: From the innovative 328 sports car and the Isetta bubble car to the 5 Series Gran Turismo. Bath: Parragon Books. ISBN 9781407549781.
* Schrader, Halwart (2011) (in de). BMW: Passion · Power · Perfektion. Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 9783613033788.
* ~~ ~~ (2016) (in de). BMW: Von 1981 bis heute. Typenkompass series. Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 9783613038721.
* Werner, Constanze (2006) (in de). Kriegswirtschaft und Zwangsarbeit bei BMW. München: Oldenbourg. ISBN 3486577921.

## External links

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Automotive industry in Germany

* Automotive industry
* Economy of Germany
* Transport in Germany

Companies|

| Active vehicle producers|

* Apollo Automobil
* BMW
* BMW i
* BMW Motorrad
* Daimler
* Mercedes-Benz
* Setra/EvoBus
* Smart
* Maybach
* Krauss-Maffei Wegmann
* Rheinmetall
* RMMV
* Ruf Automobile
* Volkswagen Group
* Audi
* MAN
* Neoplan
* RMMV
* Porsche
* Volkswagen
* Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles
* Wiesmann

| Foreign owned|

* Apollo Automobil
* Borgward Group
* Ford of Europe
* Ford-Werke
* Iveco Magirus
* Opel
* Hyundai Europe

|

Defunct vehicle producers|

* Adler
* Artega Automobile
* Automobilwerk Eisenach
* Auto Union
* Baijah Automotive
* Beaufort
* Borgward
* Brennabor
* Brütsch
* DKW
* Edelsbrunner Automobile München
* Ehrhardt-Szawe
* Eisenacher Motorenwerk
* Fuldamobil
* Glas
* Goggomobil
* Goliath
* Gutbrod
* Hanomag
* Hansa
* Horch
* Kersting-Modellbauwerkstätten
* Kleinschnittger
* Kühlstein
* Loremo
* Markranstädter Automobilfabrik
* Maurer-Union
* Neue Automobil Gesellschaft
* North German Automobile and Engine
* NSU
* Protos of Nonnendamm
* Selve
* Simson
* Steiger
* Stoewer
* Tempo
* Veritas
* Wanderer
* Zündapp

Components|

* ATR
* Behr
* Bosch
* ETAS Group
* BBS
* Bühler Motor
* Continental
* Dräxlmaier Group
* Dürr AG
* Getrag
* Hella
* Hermann Peters
* KSPG
* Löwe Automobil
* Mahle
* Mann+Hummel
* Petri
* Schaeffler
* Voith
* ZF Friedrichshafen
* ZF Sachs

Motorsport and
tuners|

* 9ff
* Abt Sportsline
* AC Schnitzer
* Alpina
* Audi Sport
* AMG
* Bitter
* Brabus
* BMW M
* Carlsson
* G-Power
* GeigerCars
* Gemballa
* Hamann Motorsport
* Hartge
* Irmscher
* Je Design
* Koenig Specials
* Mansory
* Melkus
* Opel Performance Center
* PPI Automotive Design
* Rieger Tuning
* Ruf Automobile
* Steinmetz Opel Tuning
* Styling Garage

Services|

* Daimler Financial Services
* Mercedes-Benz Bank
* Sixt

Related topics|

* ADAC
* AMI Leipzig
* ASAM
* DTM
* Frankfurt Motor Show
* German Association of the Automotive Industry
* Nürburgring

* Defunct companies and marques above are shown in italics

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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW. Read more

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