Barclays

Barclays PLC

Barclays' current logo, used since 2004[1]

Headquarters at One Churchill Place in Canary Wharf, London

Formerly| Barclays Bank PLC (1896–1985)[2]
Type| Public

Traded as

* Short description: Stock exchange in the City of London

London Stock Exchange| Arms

The Stock Exchange on the right, facing Paternoster Square

Type| Stock exchange
Location| London, England, UK
Founded| 30 December 1801; 224 years ago (1801-12-30)
Owner| London Stock Exchange Group
Key people|

* Don Robert (Chairman)
* Julia Hoggett (CEO)

Currency| Sterling (most primary listings; stock prices are quoted in pence rather than pounds)
No. of listings| 1,918 issuers[3]
Market cap| US$3.42 trillion (as of July 2024[update])[4]
Indices|

* FTSE 100 Index
* FTSE 250 Index
* FTSE 350 Index
* FTSE SmallCap Index
* FTSE All-Share Index

Website| {{{1}}}

The London Stock Exchange (LSE) is a global stock exchange based in Paternoster Square in the City of London, England. Founded in 1801, it is one of the world's oldest continuously operating stock exchanges. As of mid-2025, the exchange had a total market capitalisation of approximately US$5.9 trillion for all listed instruments.[5] Since 2007, it has been operated by the London Stock Exchange Group (LSEG), which is itself a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index and trades under the ticker symbol LSEG.[6]

The exchange hosts over 1,900 companies from more than 60 countries, operating several key equity and debt markets, including its Main Market for established global companies and the Alternative Investment Market (AIM) for smaller, high-growth firms. It also serves as a primary venue for Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs), providing a critical gateway for firms from emerging markets—particularly India, China, and the Middle East—to access international capital.[7] The exchange is a global center for the Natural Resources sector; as of 2025, London maintains the world's largest concentration of mining capital, with a sectoral market capitalization of approximately US$600 billion, representing roughly 13% of the global mining market.[8]

Despite challenges following Brexit, the LSE regained its position as Europe’s largest stock market by total market value in 2024 and 2025, bolstered by a record-breaking performance in its flagship FTSE 100 index, which surpassed the 10,000-point milestone for the first time in early 2026.[9][10]

## Contents

* 1 History
* 1.1 Coffee House
* 1.2 Royal Exchange
* 1.3 First Rule Book
* 1.4 Foreign and regional exchanges
* 1.5 The Exchange before the World Wars
* 1.6 First World War
* 1.7 Second World War
* 1.8 Post-war
* 1.9 IRA bombing
* 1.10 "Big Bang"
* 1.11 21st century
* 2 Activities
* 2.1 Primary markets
* 2.1.1 Main Market
* 2.1.2 Alternative Investment Market
* 2.2 Secondary markets
* 3 Post trade
* 4 Technology
* 5 Mergers and acquisitions
* 5.1 NASDAQ bids
* 5.2 Proposed merger with TMX Group
* 6 Opening times
* 6.1 Auction periods (SETQx)
* 7 Arms
* 8 See also
* 9 References
* 10 Further reading
* 11 External links
* 12 Name
* 13 History
* 13.1 1690 to 1900
* 13.2 1900 to 1945
* 13.3 1946 to 1980
* 13.4 1980 to 2000
* 13.5 2000 to 2010
* 13.5.1 "Double Dip" tax scams
* 13.5.2 Lehman Brothers acquisition
* 13.5.3 Qatar capital raising
* 13.5.4 Rate-fixing scandal
* 13.6 2010 to 2020
* 13.7 2020 to present
* 13.8 Environmental criticism
* 14 Operations
* 14.1 Principal divisions and subsidiaries
* 14.2 Branches and ATMs
* 14.3 Senior management
* 14.3.1 List of former group chairmen
* 14.3.2 List of former group chief executives
* 15 Sponsorships
* 16 Coat of Arms
* 17 See also
* 18 Notes
* 19 References
* 20 Further reading
* 21 External links

## History

### Coffee House

The Royal Exchange was founded by the English financier Thomas Gresham and Sir Richard Clough on the model of the Stock Exchange in Antwerp. It was opened by Queen Elizabeth I in 1571.[11][12]

In the 17th century, stockbrokers were not allowed in the Royal Exchange due to their perceived rude manners. They had to operate from other establishments in the vicinity, notably Jonathan's Coffee-House. At that coffee house, a broker named John Castaing started listing the prices of a few commodities including salt, coal, paper, and exchange rates in 1698. Originally, this was not a daily list and was only published a few days of the week.[13]

This list and activity was later moved to Garraway's coffee house. Public auctions during this period were conducted for the duration that a length of tallow candle could burn. These were known as "by inch of candle" auctions. As stocks grew, with new companies joining to raise capital, the royal court also raised some monies. These are the earliest evidence of organised trading in marketable securities in London.

### Royal Exchange

The Royal Exchange building in 1889 The Inside View of the Royal Exchange at London, 18th century The Royal Exchange in 1804

After Gresham's Royal Exchange building was destroyed in the Great Fire of London, it was rebuilt and re-established in 1669. This was a move away from coffee houses and a step towards the modern model of stock exchange.[14]

The Royal Exchange housed brokers, merchants and merchandise. This was the birth of a regulated stock market, which had teething problems in the shape of unlicensed brokers. In order to regulate these, Parliament passed an Act in 1697 that levied heavy penalties, both financial and physical, on those brokering without a licence. It set a fixed number of brokers, at 100, but this was later increased as the size of the trade grew.

This limit led to several problems, one of which was that traders began leaving the Royal Exchange, either by their own decision or through expulsion, and started dealing in the streets of London. The street in which they were now dealing was known as 'Exchange Alley', or 'Change Alley'; it was suitably placed close to the Bank of England. Parliament tried to regulate this and ban the unofficial traders from the Change streets.

Traders became weary of "bubbles" when companies rose quickly and fell, so they persuaded Parliament to pass a clause preventing "unchartered" companies from forming.

After the Seven Years' War (1756–1763), trade at Jonathan's Coffee House boomed again. In 1773, Jonathan, together with 150 other brokers, formed a club and opened a new and more formal "Stock Exchange" in Sweeting's Alley. This now had a set entrance fee, by which traders could enter the stock room and trade securities. It was not an exclusive location for trading, as trading also occurred in the Rotunda of the Bank of England. Fraud was also rife during these times and in order to deter such dealings, it was suggested that users of the stock room pay an increased fee. This was not met well and ultimately, the solution came in the form of annual fees and turning the Exchange into a Subscription room.

The Subscription room created in 1801 was the first regulated exchange in London, but the transformation was not welcomed by all parties. On the first day of trading, non-members had to be expelled by a constable. In spite of the disorder, a new and bigger building was planned at Capel Court.

William Hammond laid the first foundation stone for the new building on 18 May. It was finished on 30 December when "The Stock Exchange" was incised on the entrance.

### First Rule Book

London Stock Exchange in 1810

In the Exchange's first operating years, on several occasions there was no clear set of regulations or fundamental laws for the Capel Court trading. In February 1812, the General Purpose Committee confirmed a set of recommendations, which later became the foundation of the first codified rule book of the Exchange. Even though the document was not a complex one, topics such as settlement and default were, in fact, quite comprehensive.

With its new governmental commandments[15] and increasing trading volume, the Exchange was progressively becoming an accepted part of the financial life in the city. In spite of continuous criticism from newspapers and the public, the government used the Exchange's organised market (and would most likely not have managed without it) to raise the enormous amount of money required for the wars against Napoleon.

### Foreign and regional exchanges

After the war and facing a booming world economy, foreign lending to countries such as Brazil, Peru and Chile was a growing market. Notably, the Foreign Market at the Exchange allowed for merchants and traders to participate, and the Royal Exchange hosted all transactions where foreign parties were involved. The constant increase in overseas business eventually meant that dealing in foreign securities had to be allowed within all of the Exchange's premises.

Just as London enjoyed growth through international trade, the rest of Great Britain also benefited from the economic boom. Two other cities in particular showed great business development: Liverpool and Manchester. In 1836, both the Manchester and Liverpool stock exchanges were opened. Some stock prices sometimes rose by 10%, 20% or even 30% in a week. These were times when stockbroking was considered a real business profession, and such attracted many entrepreneurs. With booms came busts, and in 1835 the "Spanish panic" hit the markets, followed by a second one two years later.

### The Exchange before the World Wars

Debenture of The Stock Exchange, issued 1 January 1899

By June 1853, both participating members and brokers were taking up so much space that the Exchange was now uncomfortably crowded, and continual expansion plans were taking place. Having already been extended west, east, and northwards, it was decided that the Exchange needed an entire new establishment. Thomas Allason was appointed as the main architect. In March 1854, the new brick building inspired by the Great Exhibition stood ready. This was a huge improvement in both surroundings and space, with twice the floor space available.

By the late 1800s, the telephone, ticker tape, and the telegraph had been invented. Those new technologies led to a revolution in the work of the Exchange.

### First World War

Stock certificate of the London Stock Exchange, issued on 31 March 1920, declared as a qualification share. The capital of the Exchange from its incorporation consisted of 20,000 shares held only by its members, with trustees and directors required to hold 10 qualification shares.

As the financial centre of the world, both the City and the Stock Exchange were hit hard by the outbreak of World War I in 1914. Prices surged at first, due to fears that borrowed money was to be called in and that foreign banks would demand their loans or raise interest. The decision to close the Exchange for improved breathing space and to extend the August Bank Holiday to prohibit a run on banks, was hurried through by the committee and Parliament, respectively. The Stock Exchange ended up being closed from the end of July until the New Year, causing street business to be introduced again, as well as the "challenge system".

The Exchange was set to open again on 4 January 1915 under tedious restrictions: transactions were to be in cash only. Due to the limitations and challenges on trading brought by the war, almost a thousand members quit the Exchange between 1914 and 1918. When peace returned in November 1918, the mood on the trading floor was generally cowed. In 1923, the Exchange received its own coat of arms, with the motto Dictum Meum Pactum, My Word is My Bond.

### Second World War

In 1937, officials at the Exchange used their experiences from World War I to draw up plans for how to handle a new war. The main concerns included air raids and the bombing of the Exchange's perimeters. One suggestion was a move to Denham, Buckinghamshire. This never took place. On the first day of September 1939, the Exchange closed its doors "until further notice" and two days later World War II was declared. The Exchange opened its doors again six days later, on 7 September.

As the war escalated into its second year, the concerns for air raids were greater than ever. On the night of 29 December 1940, one of the greatest fires in London's history took place. The Exchange's floor was hit by a clutch of incendiary bombs, which were extinguished quickly. Trading on the floor was now drastically low and most was done over the phone to reduce the possibility of injuries.

The Exchange was only closed for one more day during wartime, in 1945 due to damage from a V-2 rocket. Trading continued in the house's basement.

### Post-war

The trading floor in 1955

After decades of uncertain if not turbulent times, stock market business boomed in the late 1950s. This spurred multiple officials to find new, more suitable accommodation. In 1967, work on the new Stock Exchange Tower began. The Exchange's new 321 feet (98 metres) high building had 26 storeys with council and administration at the top, and middle floors let out to affiliate companies. Queen Elizabeth II opened the building on 8 November 1972. It was a new City landmark, with its 23,000 sq ft (2,100 m2) trading floor.

The Stock Exchange Tower pictured from atop the National Westminster Tower in 1983

1973 marked a year of changes for the Stock Exchange. First, two trading prohibitions were abolished. A report from the Monopolies and Mergers Commission recommended the admittance of both women and foreign-born members on the floor. Second, in March the London Stock Exchange formally merged with the eleven British and Irish regional exchanges, including the Scottish Stock Exchange.[16]

This expansion led to the creation of a new position of chief executive officer; after an extensive search this post was given to Robert Fell. There were more governance changes in 1991, when the governing Council of the Exchange was replaced by a board of directors drawn from the Exchange's executive, customer, and user base; and the trading name became "The London Stock Exchange".

The FTSE 100 Index (pronounced "Footsie 100") was launched by a partnership of the Financial Times and the Stock Exchange on 3 January 1984. This turned out to be one of the most useful indices of all, and tracked the movements of the 100 leading companies listed on the Exchange.

### IRA bombing

Main article: Finance:London Stock Exchange bombing

On 20 July 1990, a bomb planted by the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) exploded in the men's toilets behind the visitors' gallery. The area had already been evacuated and nobody was injured.[17] About 30 minutes before the blast at 8:49 a.m., a man who said he was a member of the IRA told Reuters that a bomb had been placed at the exchange and was about to explode. Police officials said that if there had been no warning, the human toll would have been very high.[18] The explosion ripped a hole in the 23-storey building in Threadneedle Street and sent a shower of glass and concrete onto the street.[19] The long-term trend towards electronic trading platforms reduced the Exchange's attraction to visitors, and although the gallery reopened, it was closed permanently in 1992.

### "Big Bang"

Main article: Finance:Big Bang (financial markets)

The biggest event of the 1980s was the sudden de-regulation of the financial markets in the UK in 1986. The phrase "Big Bang" was coined to describe measures, including abolition of fixed commission charges and of the distinction between stockjobbers and stockbrokers on the London Stock Exchange, as well as the change from an open outcry to electronic, screen-based trading.

In 1995, the Exchange launched the Alternative Investment Market, the AIM, to allow growing companies to expand into international markets. Two years later, the Electronic Trading Service (SETS) was launched, bringing greater speed and efficiency to the market. Next, the CREST settlement service was launched.

### 21st century

In 2000, the LSE's shareholders voted to become a public limited company, London Stock Exchange plc. The LSE also transferred its role as the United Kingdom's listing authority to the Financial Services Authority.

EDX London, an international equity derivatives business, was created in 2003 in partnership with OM Group. The Exchange also acquired Proquote Limited, a new generation supplier of real-time market data and trading systems.

Paternoster Square; LSEG occupies the building that takes up much of the right side of this picture. London Stock Exchange office interior at Paternoster Square

The old Stock Exchange Tower became largely redundant with Big Bang, which deregulated many of the LSE's activities: computerised systems and dealing rooms replaced face-to-face trading. In 2004, the LSE moved to a brand-new headquarters in Paternoster Square, close to St Paul's Cathedral.

In 2007, the LSE merged with Borsa Italiana, creating London Stock Exchange Group (LSEG). The Group's headquarters are in Paternoster Square.

Paternoster Square was the initial target for the protesters of Occupy London on 15 October 2011. Attempts to occupy the square were thwarted by police.[20] Police sealed off the entrance to the square as it is private property, a High Court injunction having previously been granted against public access to the square.[21] The protesters moved nearby to occupy the space in front of St Paul's Cathedral.[22] The protests were part of the global Occupy movement.

On 25 April 2019, the final day of the Extinction Rebellion disruption in London, 13 activists glued themselves together in a chain, blocking the entrances of the LSE.[23][24] The protesters were all later arrested on suspicion of aggravated trespass.[24] Extinction Rebellion had said its protesters would target the financial industry "and the corrosive impacts of the ... sector on the world we live in" and activists also blocked entrances to HM Treasury and the Goldman Sachs office on Fleet Street.[25]

In 2019, the London Stock Exchange introduced the Green Economy Mark, a designation awarded to companies that derive at least 50% of their revenues from environmental or sustainable products and services, with more than 80 issuers receiving the mark by mid-2020.[26]

According to a 2020 Financial Conduct Authority report, approximately 15% of British adults reported having investments in stocks and shares.[27]

On 3 March 2022 the LSE declared it would suspend trading in GDR securities for Russian firms, subsequent to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[28]

## Activities

A crowd on the stock exchange floor, London, between 1910 and 1920

### Primary markets

There are two main markets on which companies trade on the LSE: the main market and the alternative investment market.

#### Main Market

The main market is home to over 1,300 large companies from 60 countries.[29] The FTSE 100 Index ("footsie") is the main share index of the 100 most highly capitalised British companies listed on the Main Market.[30]

#### Alternative Investment Market

The Alternative Investment Market is LSE's international market for smaller companies. A wide range of businesses including early-stage, venture capital-backed, as well as more-established companies join AIM seeking access to growth capital. The AIM is classified as a Multilateral Trading Facility (MTF) under the 2004 MiFID directive, and as such it is a flexible market with a simpler admission process for companies wanting to be publicly listed.[31]

### Secondary markets

The securities available for trading on LSE:[32]

* Common stock
* Bonds, including retail bonds§
* Derivatives
* Exchange-traded funds
* Debt securities
* Exchange-traded commodities
* Structured products
* Covered warrants
* Global depositary receipts (GDRs)
* Gilt-edged securities

## Post trade

Through the Exchange's Italian arm, Borsa Italiana, the London Stock Exchange Group offers clearing and settlement services for trades through Cassa di Compensazione e Garanzia (CC&G) and Monte Titoli.[33][34] It is the Groups Central Counterparty and covers multiple asset classes throughout the Italian equity, derivatives and bond markets.

CC&G also clears Turquoise derivatives. Monte Titoli is the pre-settlement, settlement, custody and asset services provider of the Group. Monte Titoli operates both on-exchange and OTC trades with over 400 banks and brokers.

## Technology

The LSE's trading platform is its own Linux-based edition named Millennium Exchange.[35]

Their previous trading platform TradElect was based on Microsoft's .NET Framework, and was developed by Microsoft and Accenture.[36]

In 2009, despite TradElect only being in use for about two years,[37] after suffering multiple periods of extended downtime and unreliability[38][39] the LSE announced that it was planning to switch to Linux in 2010.[40][41] In February 2011, the main market migration to MillenniumIT technology was successfully completed.[42]

In October 1997, the previous system, SETS, was introduced and used until 2007.[43]

The London Market Information Link, a COBOL application running on a HP Tandem server, was used to disseminate market data to terminals before being replaced by Infolect.[40]

The LSE hosts numerous Israeli tech companies,[44] which, according to the UK-Israel Tech Hub, have been instrumental in boosting its growth and fostering bilateral economic ties.[45] LSE CEO Julia Hoggett has commended the Israeli tech sector, highlighting the importance of high tech companies trading on the LSE.[46][47]

## Mergers and acquisitions

On 3 May 2000, it was announced that the LSE would merge with the Deutsche Börse; however this fell through.[48]

On 23 June 2007, the LSE announced that it had agreed on the terms of a recommended offer to the shareholders of the Borsa Italiana S.p.A. The merger of the two companies created a leading diversified exchange group in Europe. The combined group was named the London Stock Exchange Group, but still remained two separate legal and regulatory entities. One of the long-term strategies of the joint company is to expand Borsa Italiana's efficient clearing services to other European markets.

In 2007, after Borsa Italiana announced that it was exercising its call option to acquire full control of MBE Holdings; thus the combined Group would now control Mercato dei Titoli di Stato, or MTS. This merger of Borsa Italiana and MTS with LSE's existing bond-listing business enhanced the range of covered European fixed income markets.

In 2009, the London Stock Exchange Group acquired Turquoise, a Pan-European MTF.[49]

On 9 October 2020, the LSE agreed to sell the Borsa Italiana (including Borsa's bond trading platform MTS) to Euronext for €4.3 billion (£3.9 billion) in cash.[50] Euronext completed the acquisition of the Borsa Italiana Group on 29 April 2021, for a final price of €4,444 million.[51]

On 12 December 2022, Microsoft bought a nearly 4% stake in London Stock Exchange Group as part of a ten-year cloud deal.[52]

### NASDAQ bids

In December 2005, the LSE rejected a £1.6 billion takeover offer from Macquarie Bank. It described the offer as "derisory", a sentiment echoed by shareholders in the Exchange. Shortly after Macquarie withdrew its offer, the LSE received an unsolicited approach from NASDAQ valuing the company at £2.4 billion. This too it rejected. NASDAQ later pulled its bid, and less than two weeks later on 11 April 2006, struck a deal with LSE's largest shareholder, Ameriprise Financial's Threadneedle Asset Management unit, to acquire all of that firm's stake, consisting of 35.4 million shares, at £11.75 per share.[53]

NASDAQ purchased 2.69 million additional shares, resulting in a total stake of 15%. While the seller of those shares was undisclosed, it occurred simultaneously with a sale by Scottish Widows of 2.69 million shares.[54] The move was seen as an effort to force LSE to the negotiating table, as well as to limit the Exchange's strategic flexibility.[55]

Subsequent purchases increased NASDAQ's stake to 25.1%, holding off competing bids for several months.[56][57][58] United Kingdom financial rules required that NASDAQ wait for a period of time before renewing its effort. On 20 November 2006, within a month or two of the expiration of this period, NASDAQ increased its stake to 28.75% and launched a hostile offer at the minimum permitted bid of £12.43 per share, which was the highest NASDAQ had paid on the open market for its existing shares.[59] The LSE immediately rejected this bid, stating that it "substantially undervalues" the company.[60]

NASDAQ revised its offer, characterised as an "unsolicited" bid, rather than a "hostile takeover attempt", on 12 December 2006, indicating that it would be able to complete the deal with 50%, plus one share, of LSE's stock, rather than the 90% it had been seeking. The U.S. exchange did not raise its bid. Many hedge funds had accumulated large positions within the LSE, and many managers of those funds, as well as Furse, indicated that the bid was still not satisfactory. NASDAQ's bid was made more difficult because it had described its offer as "final", which, under British bidding rules, restricted their ability to raise its offer except under certain circumstances.

In the end, NASDAQ's offer was roundly rejected by LSE shareholders. Having received acceptances of only 0.41% of rest of the register by the deadline on 10 February 2007, Nasdaq's offer duly lapsed.[61]

On 20 August 2007, NASDAQ announced that it was abandoning its plan to take over the LSE and subsequently look for options to divest its 31% (61.3 million shares) shareholding in the company in light of its failed takeover attempt.[62] In September 2007, NASDAQ agreed to sell the majority of its shares to Borse Dubai, leaving the United Arab Emirates-based exchange with 28% of the LSE.[63]

### Proposed merger with TMX Group

On 9 February 2011, London Stock Exchange Group announced it had agreed to merge with the Toronto-based TMX Group, the owners of the Toronto Stock Exchange, creating a combined entity with a market capitalisation of listed companies equal to £3.7 trillion.[64] Xavier Rolet, CEO of the LSE Group at the time, would have headed the new enlarged company, while TMX Chief Executive Thomas Kloet would have become the new firm president. On 29 June 2011, the LSE Group however announced it was terminating the merger with TMX, citing that "LSEG and TMX Group believe that the merger is highly unlikely to achieve the required two-thirds majority approval at the TMX Group shareholder meeting".[65] Even though LSEG obtained the necessary support from its shareholders, it failed to obtain the required support from TMX's shareholders.

## Opening times

Normal trading sessions on the main orderbook (SETS) are from 08:00 to 16:30 local time every day of the week except Saturdays, Sundays and holidays declared by the exchange in advance. The detailed schedule is as follows:

1. Trade reporting 07:15–07:50
2. Opening auction 07:50–08:00
3. Continuous trading 08:00–16:30
4. Closing auction 16:30–16:35
5. Order maintenance 16:35–17:00
6. Trade reporting only 17:00–17:15

### Auction periods (SETQx)

SETSqx (Stock Exchange Electronic Trading Service – quotes and crosses) is a trading service for securities less liquid than those traded on SETS.[66]

The auction uncrossings are scheduled to take place at 8:00, 9:00, 11:00, 14:00, and 16:35.

Observed holidays are New Year's Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, May Bank Holiday, Spring Bank Holiday, Summer Bank Holiday, Christmas Day, and Boxing Day. If New Year's Day, Christmas Day, and/or Boxing Day falls on a weekend, the following working day is observed as a holiday.

## Arms

Coat of arms of Barclays  |

Adopted
10 September 1923
Crest
On a wreath of the colours, In front of a tower proper a lion passant guardant Or.
Escutcheon
Argent, a cross and in the first quarter a sword erect gules; on a chief of the second a balance Or.
Supporters
On either side a griffin sable, gorged with a mural crown Or.
Motto
DICTUM MEUM PACTUM.[67]

|

## See also

* List of stock exchanges
* List of stock exchanges in the Commonwealth of Nations
* List of stock exchanges in the United Kingdom, the British Crown Dependencies and United Kingdom Overseas Territories
* Stock Exchange forgery 1872–73
* TAURUS (share settlement)

## References

1. ↑ "Barclays Eagle". https://home.barclays/archive-barclays/stories/Barclays-Eagle/.
2. ↑ "Barclays PLC overview - Find and update company information - GOV.UK". 20 July 1896. https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/00048839.
3. ↑ "Market Statistics - Focus (April 2023) The World Federation of Exchanges". World Federation of Exchanges. https://focus.world-exchanges.org/issue/april-2023/market-statistics.
4. ↑ "London Stock Exchange (LSE)". https://www.tradinghours.com/markets/lse.
5. ↑ Ph.D, James Royal (2025-07-31). "World’s 10 Largest Stock Exchanges By Market Capitalization" (in en-US). https://www.bankrate.com/investing/worlds-largest-stock-exchanges-biggest-by-market-capitalization/.
6. ↑ "History of London Stock Exchange Group" (in en). London Stock Exchange Group. http://www.lseg.com/about-london-stock-exchange-group/history.
7. ↑ "London Calling: Opportunities for US Companies on the London Stock Exchange" (in en). https://www.twobirds.com/en/insights/2025/uk/london-calling-opportunities-for-us-companies-on-the-london-stock-exchange.
8. ↑ "London Mining IPOs: Market Recovery & 2026 Outlook" (in en-US). https://discoveryalert.com.au/london-mining-ipo-market-2026/.
9. ↑ Jolly, Jasper; Wearden, Graeme (2024-06-17). "Paris loses spot as Europe’s largest equity market to London" (in en-GB). The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. https://www.theguardian.com/business/article/2024/jun/17/paris-loses-spot-europe-largest-equity-market-london.
10. ↑ Wearden, Graeme (2026-01-02). "FTSE 100 breaks 10,000 mark for first time, capping stellar year for UK market" (in en-GB). The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2026/jan/02/ftse-100-breaks-10000-uk-share-index.
11. ↑ "Royal Exchange, London". http://www.walklondon.com/london-attractions/royal-exchange.htm.
12. ↑ "Heritage | The Royal Exchange" (in en-US). http://www.theroyalexchange.co.uk/heritage/.
13. ↑ "St Paul's Institute: A Valuable Exchange at the Royal Exchange". http://www.stpaulsinstitute.org.uk/dialogue/tanya-barman/opinion/2012/jun/21/a-valuable-exchange-at-the-royal-exchange.
14. ↑ "Gresham Grasshopper, Royal Exchange, London – Insect Sculptures on Waymarking.com" (in en). http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM6R6Y_Gresham_Grasshopper_Royal_Exchange_London.
15. ↑ Ranald Michie (1999). The London Stock Exchange: A History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780191529344. https://books.google.com/books?id=ZCaQDwAAQBAJ&q=London Stock Exchange First Rule Book&pg=PA37. Retrieved 7 June 2019.
16. ↑ "Calls for Scotland to have its own stock exchange". Herald Scotland. 4 August 2010. http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/home-news/calls-for-scotland-to-have-its-own-stock-exchange-1.1045699.
17. ↑ "On This Day: 20 July 1990: IRA bombs Stock Exchange". BBC News. 20 July 1990. http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/20/newsid_2515000/2515667.stm.
18. ↑ FINEMAN, MARK (21 July 1990). "Bomb Blast Rips London's Stock Exchange; No Injuries Reported : Terrorism: Apparent IRA warning allows time to evacuate the building and surrounding area". Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-07-21-mn-170-story.html.
19. ↑ "London Stock Exchange Is Rocked by a Bombing". The New York Times. 21 July 1990. https://www.nytimes.com/1990/07/21/world/london-stock-exchange-is-rocked-by-a-bombing.html.
20. ↑ Davies, Caroline (16 October 2011). "Occupy London protest continues into second day". The Guardian (London). https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2011/oct/16/occupy-london-protest-second-day.
21. ↑ "Stock exchange occupation blocked". Media Wales (Wales). 15 October 2011. http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/uk-news/2011/10/15/stock-exchange-occupation-blocked-91466-29601928/.
22. ↑ "Occupy London: Protest continues for second day". BBC News (London). 16 October 2011. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-15324901.
23. ↑ Hope, Kate (25 April 2019). "Extinction Rebellion protesters glue themselves to London Stock Exchange". https://www.euronews.com/2019/04/25/extinction-rebellion-protesters-glue-themselves-to-london-stock-exchange.
24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 "Extinction Rebellion activists end London protests". 25 April 2019. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-48058177.
25. ↑ "Extinction Rebellion: London Stock Exchange blocked by climate activists". 25 April 2019. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-48049040.
26. ↑ Aitken, Roger (July 21, 2020). "TriplePundit • Across the Pond, the London Stock Exchange’s Green Economy Mark Gains Traction". https://triplepundit.com/2020/lses-green-economy-mark/.
27. ↑ Nisha Arora (11 February 2021). "Financial Lives 2020 survey: the impact of coronavirus". Financial Conduct Authority. https://www.fca.org.uk/publication/research/financial-lives-survey-2020.pdf.
28. ↑ "Russia's Novatek delists from LSE after trade suspension". https://www.reuters.com/markets/europe/russias-novatek-delists-lse-after-trade-suspension-2023-02-07/.
29. ↑ "London Stock Exchange". https://www.londonstockexchange.com/raise-finance/equity/main-market?tab=insights-and-reports&lang=en.
30. ↑ Lessambo, Felix I. (2021). International Finance: New Players and Global Markets. Springer. ISBN 9783030692322. https://books.google.com/books?id=6eAhEAAAQBAJ&q=The main market is home to over 1,300 large companies from 60 different countries. London Stock Exchange&pg=PA86. Retrieved 18 April 2021.
31. ↑ "AIM". Thomson Reuters. https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/8-107-6392?transitionType=Default&contextData=(sc.Default)&firstPage=true.
32. ↑ "SECURITY TYPES". London Stock Exchange. https://www.londonstockexchange.com/traders-and-brokers/security-types/security-types.htm.
33. ↑ CC&G - London Stock Exchange Group. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
34. ↑ Monte Titoli London Stock Exchange Group. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
35. ↑ Leo King (14 February 2011). "London Stock Exchange finished the switch to Linux". Computerworld UK. http://www.computerworlduk.com/news/open-source/3260727/london-stock-exchange-in-historic-linux-go-live/.
36. ↑ Ajay Shah (4 July 2009). "Microsoft inside the exchange". Blogspot. http://ajayshahblog.blogspot.com/2009/07/microsoft-inside-exchange.html.
37. ↑ "London Stock Exchange to replace Tradelect with Millennium". London: ComputerWeekly.com. 4 September 2009. http://www.computerweekly.com/news/1280090627/London-Stock-Exchange-to-replace-Tradelect-with-Millennium.
38. ↑ Rowena Mason (10 September 2008). "Seven-hour LSE blackout caused by double glitch". The Daily Telegraph (London). https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/markets/4676369/Seven-hour-LSE-blackout-caused-by-double-glitch.html.
39. ↑ "London Stock Exchange trading hit by technical glitch". BBC News. 26 November 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8380607.stm.
40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 David M. Williams (8 October 2009). "London Stock Exchange gets the facts and dumps Windows for Linux". ITWire. http://www.itwire.com/opinion-and-analysis/the-linux-distillery/28359-london-stock-exchange-gets-the-facts-and-dumps-windows-for-linux.
41. ↑ "London Stock Exchange Rejects .NET For Open Source". Slashdot. 6 October 2009. http://linux.slashdot.org/story/09/10/06/1742203/London-Stock-Exchange-Rejects-NET-For-Open-Source.
42. ↑ Stafford, Philip (14 February 2011). "LSE moves to faster UK trading system". Financial Times. ISSN 0307-1766. http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/8a87cf48-383e-11e0-8257-00144feabdc0.html.
43. ↑ "London Stock Exchange Announces Successful Implementation Of Infolect™ - The Fastest Exchange Information Delivery System In The World". 24 October 2005. https://mondovisione.com/media-and-resources/news/london-stock-exchange-announces-successful-implementation-of-infolect™-the-faste/.
44. ↑ News, Candice Krieger/Jewish (31 October 2024). "London has become a top destination of choice for Israeli companies" (in en). Ynetnews. https://www.ynetnews.com/business/article/hkt6exzwkx.
45. ↑ "Bilateral Relations". Embassy of Israel London. https://new.embassies.gov.il/england/en/the-embassy/bilateral-relations.
46. ↑ ""Israel is finding a phenomenal support base from the UK domestic investor base."" (in en). 11 September 2024. https://www.calcalistech.com/ctechnews/article/sjdqx716c.
47. ↑ "London Stock Exchange Welcomes Israel Tech Innovation Day 2024" (in en). London Stock Exchange. https://www.londonstockexchange.com/discover/news-and-insights/london-stock-exchange-welcomes-israel-tech-innovation-day-2024.
48. ↑ "2000: Leading stock exchanges plan merger". 3 May 2000. http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/3/newsid_2481000/2481359.stm.
49. ↑ "LSE confirms Turquoise acquisition talks". October 2009. https://www.thetradenews.com/lse-confirms-turquoise-acquisition-talks/.
50. ↑ "LSE agrees to sell Borsa Italiana to Euronext for €4.3 billion". 9 October 2020. https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-lse-borsa-italiana-m-a-idUKKBN26U0H7.
51. ↑ "Euronext today completes the acquisition of the Borsa Italiana Group and publishes Q1 2021 results". https://www.euronext.com/en/about/media/euronext-press-releases/acquisition-borsa-italiana-group-and-q1-2021-results.
52. ↑ "Microsoft buys near 4% stake in London Stock Exchange Group as part of 10-year cloud deal". 12 December 2022. https://www.cnbc.com/2022/12/12/microsoft-buys-near-4percent-stake-in-london-stock-exchange-and-launches-10-year-partnership.html.
53. ↑ Patrick, M.; Lucchetti, A.; Reilly, D.; Taylor, E. (11 April 2006). "Nasdaq Acquires 15% of LSE". The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB114477409808123029.
54. ↑ "Scottish Widows says has sold 2.7 mln LSE shares at 1,175 pence". Forbes. 12 April 2006. https://www.forbes.com/finance/feeds/afx/2006/04/12/afx2665242.html.
55. ↑ Ortega, E. (11 April 2006). "Nasdaq Buys 15 Percent Stake in LSE for $782 Million". Bloomberg News. https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000103&sid=aY106PolhKUQ&refer=us.
56. ↑ MacDonald, A.; Lucchetti, A. (4 May 2006). "In LSE Stakes, Nasdaq Advances, Euronext Falls". The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB114670228362743269.
57. ↑ Lucchetti, A.; MacDonald, A. (11 May 2006). "Nasdaq Lifts Its LSE Stake to 24%". The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB114729205685149301.
58. ↑ Goldsmith, B.; Elliott, M. (19 May 2006). "Nasdaq raises LSE stake, making rival bids harder". Reuters. http://today.reuters.com/business/newsArticle.aspx?type=bankingFinancial&storyID=nL1923903.
59. ↑ Lucchetti, A.; MacDonald, A. (20 November 2006). "Nasdaq Makes Bid to Buy Rest of London Stock Exchange". The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB116400769286328180.
60. ↑ "LSE rejects £2.7bn Nasdaq offer". BBC News. 20 November 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6164376.stm.
61. ↑ "Nasdaq fails in takeover bid for London Stock Exchange". International Herald Tribune. 11 February 2007. https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/11/business/worldbusiness/11iht-nasdaq.4549290.html.
62. ↑ "Sale Update". reuters.co.uk. 20 August 2007. http://investing.reuters.co.uk/news/articleinvesting.aspx?type=mergersNews&storyID=2007-08-20T091233Z_01_L2025258_RTRIDST_0_LSE-NASDAQ-SALE-UPDATE-1.XML.
63. ↑ Magnusson, N.; McSheehy, W. (20 September 2007). "Dubai to Buy Stakes in Nasdaq, LSE; Strikes OMX Deal". bloomberg.com. https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=aqzGAS7oAezg&refer=home.
64. ↑ "LSE agrees merger with TMX of Canada". BBC News. 9 February 2011. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-12400785.
65. ↑ "Announcement re LSEG/TMX Group merger – London Stock Exchange". Londonstockexchangegroup.com. http://www.londonstockexchangegroup.com/newsroom/2011pressreleases/lseannouncementrelsegtmxgroupmerger.htm.
66. ↑ "SETSqx and SEAQ". https://www.lseg.com/areas-expertise/our-markets/london-stock-exchange/equities-markets/trading-services/domestic-trading-services/setsqx.
67. ↑ "'London Stock Exchange'". https://www.heraldry-wiki.com/heraldrywiki/index.php?title=London_Stock_Exchange.

## Further reading

* Michie, R. C. (1999). The London Stock Exchange: A History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-829508-1.

## External links

* No URL found. Please specify a URL here or add one to Wikidata.
* Documents and clippings about Barclays in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW

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Template:City of London

[ ⚑ ]  missing longitude (dec format) in {{Coord}}

0.00

(0 votes)

Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London Stock Exchange. Read more

|

* NYSE: BCS
* FTSE 100 Component

ISIN| [https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Toollabs:isin/&language;=en∈=GB0031348658+GB0031348658]">[https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Toollabs:isin/&language=en&isin=GB0031348658 GB0031348658]
Industry| Financial services
Founded| 17 November 1690; 335 years ago (1690-11-17) in the City of London, Kingdom of England
Headquarters| One Churchill Place, Canary Wharf,

London

England

Area served

| Worldwide

Key people

* Nigel Higgins (group chairman)
* C. S. Venkatakrishnan (group chief executive)

Products|

* Asset management
* Banking
* Commodities
* Credit cards
* Equities trading
* Insurance
* Investment management
* Mortgage loans
* Private equity
* Wealth management

Revenue|  £29.140 billion (2025)[1]

Operating income

|  £9.139 billion (2025)[1]

Net income

|  £7.213 billion (2025)[1]
Total assets|  £1.544 trillion (2025)[1]
Total equity|  £78.236 billion (2025)[1]

Number of employees

| 100,000 (2026)[2]
Divisions|

* Barclays UK
* Barclays International

Website| home.barclays

Barclays PLC (/ˈbɑːrkliz/, occasionally /-leɪz/) is a British multinational universal bank, headquartered in London, England. Barclays operates as five divisions: the UK Consumer Bank, UK Corporate Bank, Private Bank and Wealth Management (PBWM), Investment Bank, and the US Consumer Bank.[3]

Barclays traces its origins to the goldsmith banking business established in the City of London in 1690 by Quakers John Freame and Thomas Gould.[4] James Barclay became a partner in the business in 1736. In 1896, twelve banks in London and the English provinces, including Goslings Bank, Backhouse's Bank and Gurney, Peckover and Company, united as a joint-stock bank under the name Barclays and Co. Over the following decades, Barclays expanded to become a nationwide bank. In 1967, Barclays deployed the world's first cash dispenser. Barclays has made numerous corporate acquisitions, including of London, Provincial and South Western Bank in 1918, British Linen Bank in 1919, Mercantile Credit in 1975, the Woolwich in 2000 and the North American operations of Lehman Brothers in 2008.[5]

Barclays has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. It has a secondary listing on the New York Stock Exchange. It is considered a systemically important bank by the Financial Stability Board.[6] According to a 2011 paper, Barclays was the most powerful transnational corporation in terms of ownership and thus corporate control over global financial stability and market competition, with Axa and State Street Corporation taking the 2nd and 3rd positions, respectively.[7][8] Barclays operates in over 40 countries, employs over 80,000 people.[9][10]

Barclays UK comprises the British retail banking operations, consumer credit card business, wealth management business, and corporate banking for small, medium and large-sized businesses in the UK.[11] Barclays International consists of Barclays Corporate & Investment Bank (formerly known as Barclays Capital) and the Consumer, Cards & Payments business. The bulge-bracket investment banking business provides advisory, financing and risk management services to large companies, institutions and government clients. It is a primary dealer in Gilts, U.S. Treasury securities and various European Government bonds.

According to S&P Global's April 2026 report, Barclays is Europe's fifth largest bank by assets, with $2.078 trillion in assets.[12]

## Name

The bank's name has never included an apostrophe (Barclay's) in its spelling. It was first registered in 1896 as "Barclay and Company, Limited", changed to "Barclays Bank Limited" in 1917 and to "Barclays Bank PLC" in 1982.[13]

## History

### 1690 to 1900

Barclays and Co. cheque for 39 pounds, 4 shillings, and 2 pence, issued in London by Messrs Barclay and Tritton, 1793, on display at the British Museum in London

Barclays traces its origins back to 17 November 1690, when two Quakers, John Freame and Thomas Gould, started trading as goldsmith bankers in Lombard Street, London.[14] The name "Barclays" became associated with the business in 1736, when Freame's son-in-law James Barclay became a partner.[15] In 1728, the bank moved to 54 Lombard Street, identified by the "Sign of the Black Spread Eagle", which in subsequent years would become a core part of the bank's visual identity.[16]

The Barclay family were connected with slavery, both as proponents and opponents. David and Alexander Barclay were engaged in the slave trade in 1756.[17] David Barclay of Youngsbury (1729–1809), on the other hand, was a noted abolitionist, and Verene Shepherd, the Jamaican historian of diaspora studies, states that he chose to free his slaves in that colony.[18]

In 1776, the firm was styled "Barclay, Bevan and Bening" and remained so until 1785, when another partner, John Tritton, who had married a Barclay, was admitted, and the business then became "Barclay, Bevan, Bening and Tritton".[19] In 1896, twelve houses in London and the English provinces, notably Goslings and Sharpe, Backhouse's Bank of Darlington[20] and Gurney's Bank of Norwich (the latter two of which also had their roots in Quaker families), united to form Barclays and Co., a joint-stock bank, which at its formation held around one quarter of deposits in English private banks.[21]

### 1900 to 1945

The longstanding head office of Barclays on the corner of Lombard Street and Gracechurch Street (lower left) before its demolition in the late 1980s Barclays branch in Sutton, southern Greater London, which was originally a branch of London and Provincial prior to acquisition by Barclays

Between 1905 and 1916, Barclays extended its branch network by making acquisitions of small English banks. Further expansion followed in 1918 when Barclays amalgamated with the London, Provincial and South Western Bank, and in 1919, when the British Linen Bank was acquired by Barclays, although the British Linen Bank retained a separate board of directors and continued to issue its own banknotes (see Banknotes of the pound sterling).[22]

In 1925, the Colonial Bank, National Bank of South Africa and the Anglo-Egyptian Bank were amalgamated and Barclays operated its overseas operations under the name Barclays Bank (Dominion, Colonial and Overseas)—Barclays DCO.[23] In 1938, Barclays acquired the first Indian exchange bank, the Central Exchange Bank of India, which had opened in London in 1936 with the sponsorship of the Central Bank of India.[24]

In 1941, during the German occupation of France, a branch of Barclays in Paris, headed by Marcel Cheradame, worked directly with the invading force.[25] Senior officials at the bank volunteered the names of Jewish employees, as well as ceding an estimated one hundred Jewish bank accounts to the German occupiers.[26] The Paris branch used its funds to increase the operational power of a large quarry that helped produce steel for the Germans. There was no evidence of contact between the head office in London and the branch in Paris during the occupation. Marcel Cheradame was kept as the branch manager until he retired in the sixties.[25]

### 1946 to 1980

In May 1958, Barclays was the first UK bank to appoint a female bank manager. Hilda Harding managed Barclays' Hanover Square branch in London until her retirement in 1970.[27]

A plaque in Enfield, United Kingdom commemorating the installation of the world's first cash machine by Barclays in 1967

In 1965, Barclays established a US affiliate, Barclays Bank of California, in San Francisco.[28][29]

Barclays launched the first credit card in the UK, Barclaycard, in 1966. On 27 June 1967, Barclays deployed the world's first cash machine, in Enfield; Barclays Bank, Enfield.[30][31] The British actor Reg Varney was the first person to use the machine.[31]

Short description: United Kingdom legislation

Barclays Bank D.C.O Act 1957

Act of Parliament

Parliament of the United Kingdom

Long title| An Act to make provision respecting the articles or regulations for the government of Barclays Bank D.C.O. to make provision with respect to its general meetings to increase its authorised capital and for other purposes.
Citation| 5 & 6 Eliz. 2. c. vii
Dates
Royal assent| 6 June 1957
Other legislation
Repealed by| Barclays Bank Act 1984

Status: Repealed

Text of statute as originally enacted

In 1969, a planned merger with Martins Bank and Lloyds Bank was blocked by the Monopolies and Mergers Commission, but the acquisition of Martins Bank on its own was later permitted. Also that year, the British Linen Bank subsidiary was sold to the Bank of Scotland in exchange for a 25% stake, a transaction that became effective from 1971. Barclays DCO changed its name to Barclays Bank International in 1971.[23]

From 1972 until 1980, a minority stake in Banca Barclays Castellini SpA, Milan was owned by the Castellini family. In 1980, Barclays Bank International acquired the remaining stake in Barclays Castellini from the Castellini family.[32]

Short description: United Kingdom legislation

Barclays Bank International Act 1974

Act of Parliament

Parliament of the United Kingdom

Long title| An Act to provide for the manner in which Barclays Bank International Limited may alter, revoke or add to its objects; and for other purposes.
Citation| 1974 c. ix
Dates
Royal assent| 23 May 1974
Other legislation
Repealed by| Barclays Bank Act 1984

Status: Repealed

Text of statute as originally enacted

In August 1975, following the secondary banking crash, Barclays acquired Mercantile Credit Company.[33]

### 1980 to 2000

Barclays head office after reconstruction in 1992 on a design by GMW Architects,[34] photographed in 2008 before subsequent remodeling

Barclays Bank International expanded its business in 1980 to include commercial credit and took over American Credit Corporation, renaming it Barclays American Corporation.[35]

Short description: United Kingdom legislation

Barclays Bank Act 1984

Act of Parliament

Parliament of the United Kingdom

Long title| An Act to provide for the reorganisation of the Barclays group of companies by the transfer to Barclays Bank International Limited of the undertaking of Barclays Bank PLC; and for other purposes.
Citation| 1984 c. x
Dates
Royal assent| 26 June 1984
Other legislation
Repeals|

* Barclays Bank D.C.O. Act 1957
* Barclays Bank International Act 1974

Status: Current legislation

Text of statute as originally enacted

During 1985 Barclays Bank and Barclays Bank International merged,[36] and as part of the corporate reorganisation the former Barclays Bank plc became a group holding company,[23] renamed Barclays Group Plc,[36] and UK retail banking was integrated under the former BBI, and renamed Barclays Bank PLC from Barclays Bank Limited.[23]

In response to the Big Bang on the London Stock Exchange, in 1986 Barclays bought UK stockbroker de Zoete & Bevan and jobbing firm Wedd Durlacher (formerly Wedd Jefferson).[37] They were merged with Barclays Merchant Bank to form Barclays de Zoete Wedd (BZW).[38] Also that year Barclays sold its South African business operating under the Barclays National Bank name after protests against Barclays' involvement in South Africa and its apartheid government.[39]

Barclays introduced the Connect card in June 1987, the first debit card in the United Kingdom.[40][41]

In 1988, Barclays sold Barclays Bank of California, which at that time was the 17th-largest bank in California measured by assets, to Wells Fargo for US$125 million in cash.[42]

Edgar Pearce, the "Mardi Gra Bomber", began a terror campaign against the bank and the supermarket chain Sainsbury's in 1994.[43]

Barclays bought Wells Fargo Nikko Investment Advisors (WFNIA) in 1996 and merged it with BZW Investment Management to form Barclays Global Investors.[44] Bob Diamond took charge of the investment banking businesses that year.[45] 80% of Barclays's revenue came from UK retail and commercial banking at that time; Diamond's goal was to compete with US bulge-bracket investment banks, and the firm allowed him to do so despite Diamond's division losing hundreds of millions of pounds in the 1998 Russian financial crisis.[46]

Two years later, in 1998, the BZW business was broken up and the Equity and Corporate Finance divisions were sold to Credit Suisse First Boston: Barclays retained the debt-focused Fixed Income business and Structured Capital Markets which formed the foundation of the rebranded Barclays Capital (BarCap).[47][48] Barclays Capital had offices in over 29 countries and employed over 20,000 people, with over 7,000 people working in its IT division.[9]

In 1998, Barclays Bank agreed to pay $3.6m to Jews whose assets were seized from French branches of the British-based bank during World War II.[49] Barclays, along with seven French banks, was named in a lawsuit filed in New York on behalf of Jews who were unable to reclaim money they deposited during the Nazi era.[49]

In an unusual move as part of the trend at the time for free ISPs, Barclays launched an Internet service provider in 1999 called Barclays.net. This entity was acquired by British Telecom in 2001.[50]

In the 1990s, Barclays helped to fund President Robert Mugabe's government in Zimbabwe.[51] The most controversial of a set of loans provided by Barclays was the £30 million it gave to help sustain land reforms that saw Mugabe seize white-owned farmland and drive more than 100,000 black workers from their homes. Opponents have called the bank's involvement a "disgrace" and an "insult" to the millions who have suffered human rights abuses.[52] A Barclays spokesman said the bank has had customers in Zimbabwe for decades and abandoning them now would make matters worse, "We are committed to continuing to provide a service to those customers in what is clearly a difficult operating environment".[53] Barclays also provided bank accounts to two of Mugabe's associates, who were subject to European Union sanctions on Zimbabwe.[54] The men are Elliot Manyika and minister of public service Nicholas Goche. Barclays has defended its position by insisting that the EU rules do not apply to its 67%-owned Zimbabwean subsidiary because it was incorporated outside the EU.[55]

### 2000 to 2010

In August 2000, Barclays took over the recently de-mutualised Woolwich Building Society,[56] in a £5.4 billion acquisition. Woolwich thus joined the Barclays group of companies, and the Woolwich name was retained after the acquisition. The company's head office remained in Bexleyheath, south-east London, four miles (6 km) from the original head office in Woolwich.[57]

A Barclays branch in Stratford-upon-Avon, United Kingdom

Barclays closed 171 branches in the UK in 2001, many of them in rural communities: Barclays called itself "The Big Bank", but this name was quickly given a low profile after a series of embarrassing PR stunts.[58]

On 31 October 2001, Barclays and CIBC agreed to combine their Caribbean operations to establish a joint venture company known as FirstCaribbean International Bank (FCIB).[59]

In 2003, Barclays bought the American credit card company Juniper Bank from CIBC, re-branding it as "Barclays Bank Delaware".[60] The same year saw the acquisition of Banco Zaragozano, the 11th-largest Spanish bank.[61]

In May 2005, Barclays moved its group headquarters from Lombard Street in the City of London to One Churchill Place in Canary Wharf. Also in 2005 Barclays sealed a £2.6bn takeover of Absa Group Limited, South Africa's largest retail bank, acquiring a 54% stake on 27 July 2005.[62]

In 2006, Barclays purchased the HomEq Servicing Corporation for US$469 million in cash from Wachovia Corp.[63] That year also saw the acquisition of the financial website CompareTheLoan[64] and Barclays announcing plans to rebrand Woolwich branches as Barclays, migrating Woolwich customers onto Barclays accounts and migrating back-office processes onto Barclays systems—the Woolwich brand was to be used for Barclays mortgages.[65] Barclays also exited retail-banking operations in the Caribbean-region which extended as far back as 1837 through selling of its joint venture stake in FirstCaribbean International Bank (FCIB) to CIBC for between $989 million and $1.08 billion.[66]

In March 2007, Barclays announced plans to purchase ABN AMRO, the largest bank in the Netherlands.[67][68] However, on 5 October 2007 Barclays announced that it had abandoned its bid,[69] citing inadequate support by ABN shareholders. Fewer than 80% of shares had been tendered to Barclays' cash-and-shares offer.[70] This left the consortium led by Royal Bank of Scotland Group free to proceed with its counter-bid for ABN AMRO.[71]

Also in 2007, Barclays agreed to purchase Equifirst Corporation from Regions Financial Corporation for US$225 million.[72] That year also saw Barclays Personal Investment Management announcing the closure of their operation in Peterborough and its re-siting to Glasgow, laying off nearly 900 members of staff.[73]

On 30 August 2007, Barclays borrowed £1.6 billion (US$3.2 billion) from the Bank of England sterling standby facility.[74] Despite rumours about liquidity at Barclays, the loan was necessary due to a technical problem with their computerised settlement network. A Barclays spokesman was quoted as saying "There are no liquidity issues in the U.K markets. Barclays itself is flush with liquidity."[75]

On 9 November 2007, Barclays shares dropped 9% and were even temporarily suspended for a short period of time, due to rumours of a £4.8 billion (US$10 billion) exposure to bad debts in the US. However, a Barclays spokesman denied the rumours.[76]

In February 2008, Barclays bought the credit card brand Goldfish for US$70 million gaining 1.7 million customers, and US$3.9 billion in receivables.[77] Barclays also bought a controlling stake in the Russian retail bank Expobank for US$745 million.[78] Later in the year Barclays commenced its Pakistan operations with initial funding of US$100 million.[79]

During the 2008 financial crisis, Barclays sought to raise capital privately, avoiding direct equity investment from the UK government, which was offered to boost its capital ratio.[80] Barclays believed that "maintaining its independence from government was in the best interests of its shareholders".[81]

In July 2008, Barclays raised £4.5 billion through a rights issue to shore up its Tier 1 capital ratio, which involved a rights offer to existing shareholders and the sale of a stake to Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation. Only 19% of shareholders took up their rights leaving investors China Development Bank and Qatar Investment Authority with increased holdings in the bank.[82]

Reuters reported in October 2008 that the British government would inject £40 billion (US$69 billion) into three banks including Barclays, which might seek over £7 billion.[83] Barclays later confirmed that it rejected the Government's offer and would instead raise £6.5 billion of new capital (£2 billion by cancellation of dividend and £4.5 billion from private investors).[84][85]

The former headquarters of Barclays Global Investors in San Francisco, United States. Barclays sold Barclays Global Investors to BlackRock in 2009.

On 12 June 2009, Barclays sold its Global Investors unit, which included its exchange-traded fund business, iShares, to BlackRock for US$13.5 billion.[86] Standard Life sold Standard Life Bank to Barclays in October 2009. The sale was completed on 1 January 2010.[87] Barclays sold its Retail Banking unit in Spain to CaixaBank in 2014. With the sale, Caixabank acquired around 550,000 new retail and private banking clients and 2,400 employees.[88][89][90]

In March 2009, Barclays was accused of violating international anti-money laundering laws. According to the NGO Global Witness, the Paris branch of Barclays held the account of Equatorial Guinean President Teodoro Obiang's son, Teodorin Obiang, even after evidence that Obiang had siphoned oil revenues from government funds emerged in 2004. According to Global Witness, Obiang purchased a Ferrari and maintains a mansion in Malibu with the funds from this account.[91]

In March 2009, Barclays obtained an injunction against The Guardian requiring it to remove from its website confidential leaked documents describing how SCM, Barclays' structured capital markets division, planned to use more than £11 billion of loans to create hundreds of millions of pounds of tax benefits, via "an elaborate circuit of Cayman Islands companies, US partnerships and Luxembourg subsidiaries".[92] In an editorial on the issue, The Guardian pointed out that, due to the mismatch of resources, tax-collectors (HMRC) now have to rely on websites such as WikiLeaks to obtain such documents.[93][94] Separately, another Barclays whistleblower revealed several days later that the SCM transactions had produced between £900 million and £1 billion in tax avoidance in one year, adding that "The deals start with tax and then commercial purpose is added to them."[95]

A 2010 report by The Wall Street Journal described how Credit Suisse, Barclays, Lloyds Banking Group, and other banks were involved in helping the Alavi Foundation, Bank Melli, the Iranian government, and/or others circumvent US laws banning financial transactions with certain states. They did this by "stripping" information out of wire transfers, thereby concealing the source of funds. Barclays settled with the government for US$298 million.[96]

In February 2012, Barclays was ordered by the Treasury to pay £500 million in tax which it had tried to avoid. Barclays was accused by HMRC of designing two schemes that were intended to avoid substantial amounts of tax. Tax rules had required the bank to tell the UK authorities about its plans.[97]

In October 2012 Barclays announced it had agreed to buy the ING Direct UK business of the ING Group.[98] The transfer of the business to Barclays was approved at the High Court on 20 February 2013 and ING Direct was renamed Barclays Direct and would be integrated into the existing Barclays business within two years.[99]

#### "Double Dip" tax scams

On 30 June 2006, The Wall Street Journal ran a front page, column one, article detailing how Barclays Capital was making a giant portion of its income not through legitimate investment banking activities but through a tax dodge, a so-called "double dip", which was essentially paid for by the British and American taxpayer.[100] It also contributed to Peter Mandelson, UK Business Secretary, labelling Bob Diamond "the unacceptable face of banking".[101] The "Double Dip" tax scams were simple. Barclays and an American bank would loan, for example, an airline for the purchase of a jumbo jet. A subsidiary without any employees would be set up owned by Barclays and the American bank to handle the transaction, and the subsidiary would pay income tax on the interest income. The scam would come into effect when both Barclays and the American bank would claim the same full tax credit amount with their respective UK and American tax authorities, i.e. essentially Barclays' income from the scam was being paid for by British and American taxpayers without the respective governments and tax authorities knowing what was going on. Barclays was making over £1 billion a year from the practice. This practice ended after The Wall Street Journal published an exposé of the scam in a front page, column one, article on 30 June 2006 by Carrick Mollenkamp, which ensured that Parliament, the Bank of England, and the UK Inland Revenue and the American Internal Revenue Service would see it and become aware of the scam, and the practice was subsequently outlawed, thus eliminating a major source of income for Barclays. It also resulted in Diamond's reputation being tarnished with Parliament and The Bank of England and the beginning of his being branded "the unacceptable face of banking".[100][102]

#### Lehman Brothers acquisition

The former headquarters of Lehman Brothers in New York City, now owned by Barclays The New York building at night

On 16 September 2008, Barclays announced its agreement to purchase, subject to regulatory approval, the investment-banking and trading divisions of Lehman Brothers (including its former headquarters at 745 Seventh Avenue).[103] Bob Diamond led the effort, securing Barclays a presence in U.S. Equities and Investment Banking.[104] With Lehman, he and Barclays would achieve their goal of joining the bulge bracket.[46]

On 20 September 2008, a revised version of the deal, a US$1.35 billion (£700 million) plan for Barclays to acquire the core business of Lehman Brothers (mainly Lehman's US$960 million Midtown Manhattan office skyscraper, with responsibility for 9,000 former employees), was approved. After a seven-hour hearing, New York bankruptcy court Judge James Peck ruled:

> I have to approve this transaction because it is the only available transaction. Lehman Brothers became a victim, in effect the only true icon to fall in a tsunami that has befallen the credit markets. This is the most momentous bankruptcy hearing I've ever sat through. It can never be deemed precedent for future cases. It's hard for me to imagine a similar emergency.[105]

In the amended agreement, Barclays would absorb US$47.4 billion in securities and assume US$45.5 billion in trading liabilities. Lehman's attorney Harvey R. Miller of Weil, Gotshal & Manges, said "the purchase price for the real estate components of the deal would be US$1.29 billion, including US$960 million for Lehman's New York headquarters and US$330 million for two New Jersey data centres. Lehman's original estimate valued its headquarters at US$1.02 billion but an appraisal from CB Richard Ellis this week valued it at US$900 million." Further, Barclays will not acquire Lehman's Eagle Energy unit, but will have entities known as Lehman Brothers Canada Inc, Lehman Brothers Sudamerica, Lehman Brothers Uruguay and its Private Investment Management business for high-net-worth individuals. Finally, Lehman will retain US$20 billion of securities assets in Lehman Brothers Inc that are not being transferred to Barclays.[106] Barclays had a potential liability of US$2.5 billion to be paid as severance, if it chooses not to retain some Lehman employees beyond the guaranteed 90 days.[107][108] The job of integration was given to Barclays' Rich Ricci.[109]

In September 2014, Barclays was ordered to pay $15 million in settlement charges that alleged the bank had failed to maintain an adequate internal compliance system after its acquisition of Lehman Brothers during the 2008 financial crisis.[110]

#### Qatar capital raising

Barclays launched a further round of capital raising, approved by special resolution on 24 November 2008, as part of its overall plan to achieve higher capital targets set by the UK's Financial Services Authority to ensure it would remain independent.[111] Barclays raised £7 billion from investors from Abu Dhabi and Qatar.[84][112] Existing Barclays shareholders complained they were not offered full pre-emption rights in this round of capital raising, even threatening to revolt at the extraordinary meeting. Sheikh Mansour and Qatar Holding agreed to open up £500 million of their new holdings of reserve capital instruments for clawback. Existing investors now took this up.[113]

In January 2009, the press reported that further capital may be required and that while the government might be willing to fund this, it may be unable to do so because the previous capital investment from the Qatari state was subject to a proviso that no third party might put in further money without the Qataris receiving compensation at the value the shares had commanded in October 2008.[114] In March 2009, it was reported that in 2008, Barclays received billions of dollars from its insurance arrangements with AIG, including US$8.5 billion from funds provided by the United States to bail out AIG.[115][116]

Barclays' share price fell 54% in June 2009 after the International Petroleum Investment Company (IPIC), which had invested up to £4.75 billion in November 2008, sold 1.3 billion Barclays shares.[117] Qatar Holding sold a 3.5% stake worth £10 billion in October 2009,[118] and a further sale of warrants worth around £750 million in November 2012, but remained one of the bank's largest shareholders.[119] In July 2012, Barclays revealed that the FSA was investigating[119] whether the bank adequately disclosed fees paid to Qatar Investment Authority. In August 2012, the Serious Fraud Office announced an investigation into the Middle East capital raising. The Financial Services Authority announced an expansion of the investigation into the Barclays-Qatar deal in January 2013, focusing on the disclosure surrounding the ownership of the securities in the bank.[120]

In October 2012, the United States Department of Justice and the US Securities and Exchange Commission informed Barclays they had commenced an investigation into whether the group's relationships with third parties who assist Barclays to win or retain business are compliant with the US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.[121]

#### Rate-fixing scandal

Main article: Finance:Libor scandal

In June 2012, as a result of an international investigation, Barclays Bank was fined a total of £290 million (US$450 million) for manipulating the daily settings of London Interbank Offered Rate (Libor) and the Euro Interbank Offered Rate (Euribor). The United States Department of Justice and Barclays officially agreed that "the manipulation of the submissions affected the fixed rates on some occasions".[122] The bank was found to have made 'inappropriate submissions' of rates which formed part of the Libor and Euribor setting processes, sometimes to make a profit, and other times to make the bank look more secure during the 2008 financial crisis.[123] This happened between 2005 and 2009, as often as daily.[124]

The BBC said revelations concerning the fraud were "greeted with almost universal astonishment in the banking industry."[125] The UK's Financial Services Authority (FSA), which levied a fine of £59.5 million ($92.7 million), gave Barclays the biggest fine it had ever imposed in its history.[124] The FSA's director of enforcement described Barclays' behaviour as "completely unacceptable", adding "Libor is an incredibly important benchmark reference rate, and it is relied on for many, many hundreds of thousands of contracts all over the world."[123] The bank's chief executive Bob Diamond decided to give up his bonus as a result of the fine.[126] Liberal Democrat politician Lord Oakeshott criticised Diamond, saying: "If he had any shame he would go. If the Barclays board has any backbone, they'll sack him."[123] The US Department of Justice has also been involved, with "other financial institutions and individuals" under investigation.[123]

On 2 July 2012, Marcus Agius resigned from the chairman position following the interest rate rigging scandal.[127] On 3 July 2012, Bob Diamond resigned with immediate effect, leaving Marcus Agius to fill his post until a replacement is found.[128] Within the space of a few hours, this was followed by the resignation of the Bank's chief operating officer, Jerry del Missier.[129] Barclays subsequently announced that Antony Jenkins, its existing chief executive of Global Retail & Business Banking would become group chief executive on 30 August 2012.[130] On 17 February 2014 the Serious Fraud Office charged three former bank employees with manipulating Libor rates between June 2005 and August 2007.[131] Four employees were jailed in July 2016 for up to six-and-a-half years, with two others cleared after a retrial.[132]

### 2010 to 2020

In July 2013, US energy regulator the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) ordered Barclays to pay £299 million fine penalty for attempting to manipulate the electricity market in the US. The fine by FERC relates to allegations in December 2008.[133]

In May 2014, the Financial Conduct Authority fined the bank £26 million over systems and controls failures, and conflict of interest in relation to the bank and its customers in connection to the gold fixing during the period 2004–2013, and for manipulation of the gold price on 28 June 2012.[134]

In June 2014, the US state of New York filed a lawsuit against the bank alleging it defrauded and deceived investors with inaccurate marketing material about its unregulated trading system known as a dark pool. Specifically, the firm was accused of hiding the fact that Tradebot participated in the dark pool when they were in fact one of the largest players. The state, in its complaint, said it was being assisted by former Barclays executives and it was seeking unspecified damages. The bank's shares dropped 5% on news of the lawsuit, prompting an announcement to the London Stock Exchange by the bank saying it was taking the allegations seriously, and was co-operating with the New York attorney general.[135]

A month later the bank filed a motion for the suit to be dismissed, saying there had been no fraud, no victims and no harm to anyone. The New York Attorney General's office issued a statement saying the attorney general was confident the motion would fail.[136] On 31 January 2016, Barclays settled with both the New York Attorney General's office and the SEC, agreeing to pay $70 million split evenly between the SEC and New York state, admitting it violated securities laws and agreeing to install an independent monitor for the dark pool.[137]

To ward off the effects of Brexit Barclays borrowed £6 billion from the Bank of England between April and June 2017, as part of a post-referendum stimulus package launched in August 2016.[138] In August 2021 Barclays announced a $400 million capital infusion into its business in India, which was the single largest capital infusion into its Indian business in three decades.[139]

Barclays agreed to pay $150 million to resolve an investigation by New York's banking regulator into a trading practice that allowed the bank to exploit a milliseconds-long lag between an order and its execution that sometimes hurt its clients.[140]

Barclays announced in June 2015 that it would sell its US wealth and investment management business to Stifel for an undisclosed fee.[141] The bank announced in May 2017 that it would sell £1.5 billion worth of shares of its Barclays Africa Group subsidiary as part of its strategy to refocus its business from Africa to the UK and US.[142] In September 2017, Barclays sold off the last part of its retail banking segment on continental Europe after selling its French retail, wealth and investment management operations to AnaCap.[143]

In June 2017, following a five-year investigation by the UK's Serious Fraud Office covering Barclays' activities during the 2008 financial crisis, former CEO John Varley and three former colleagues, Roger Jenkins, Thomas Kalaris and Richard Boath, were charged with conspiracy to commit fraud and the provision of unlawful financial assistance in connection with capital raising.[144][145] The executives were cleared in February 2020.[146]

In February 2018, the Serious Fraud Office charged Barclays with "unlawful financial assistance" related to billions of pounds raised from the Qatar deal.[147]

On 8 June 2020, Barclays was accused of deceit by a British firm PCP Capital. The company sued the bank in a £1.5 billion lawsuit, claiming that it had "deliberately misled" the market over the terms of its capital raising deal with Qatar. PCP alleged that Qatar Holdings was offered a "completely different" deal than that offered to Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahyan of Abu Dhabi, who according to Amanda Staveley was introduced to Barclays by PCP.[148] However, during the hearing in the High Court of London, the Barclays lawyer, Jeffery Onions accused Staveley of "significantly exaggerating" her business relationship with the Abu Dhabi sheikh and of creating a "hustle" by getting involved in a crucial capital raising.[149] Staveley and PCP Capital subsequently reduced the amount of their claim but lost the case in the High Court.[150]

### 2020 to present

In February 2020, it was reported that, in a pilot programme at its London headquarters, the company used tracking software to assess how long employees spent at their desks and warn them if they took excessive breaks. Staff who spent too much time away could find this mentioned on their daily report cards. Following criticisms by staff, the bank said it had taken steps to ensure that individual data would no longer be visible to managers, although the company still holds this data."[151]

The bank faced similar privacy concerns in 2017 when it used OccupEye sensors to track staff through black boxes in their desks.[152]

In September 2020 Barclays invested in Barrenjoey Capital Partners, an Australian investment bank startup. In May 2022 Barclays increased its stake in the firm from 9.9 percent to 18.2 percent.[153]

On 31 October 2021, in a surprise move, group CEO Jes Staley agreed to step down amid investigation of his ties to the sex offender Jeffrey Epstein. He was replaced as group CEO by the Indian-born American banker C. S. Venkatakrishnan, who became the first person of Indian origin to lead Barclays.[154][155]

In January 2022, François Baroin, mayor of Troyes, became chairman of the French subsidiary of Barclays Bank, where he had served as an adviser since 2018.[156]

On 1 March 2023 Barclays acquired specialist mortgage lender, Kensington Mortgages. Kensington Mortgages, based in Maidenhead, has approximately 600 employees and originated £1.9bn of mortgages during the year ended 31 March 2022.[157]

In July 2023, Arron Banks said that in 2018, Barclays closed his bank accounts, including business accounts, due to his political views, including his support for Brexit.[158][159]

In February 2024, the bank announced the acquisition of Tesco Bank's credit cards, loans and savings operations, with Tesco retaining its insurance, ATMs, travel money and gift card operations.[160] The transfer was effective from 1 November 2024.[161]

In June 2024, coordinated protests by pro-Palestinian and climate activist groups vandalised Barclays branches across several UK cities, including London, Manchester, Bristol, Preston, Glasgow, Brighton, Exeter, Sheffield, Northampton, Birmingham, and Solihull. Around 20 branches were targeted, with red paint sprayed on buildings and glass windows smashed.[162][163]

In July 2024, Barclays announced selling its German consumer finance business to Austrian bank BAWAG Group AG, following the sale of its performing Italian mortgage portfolio in April, as part of the British lender's aims to simplify its business and exit European retail banking outside of the UK.[164][165]

According to a 2024 report by War on Want, Barclays has significantly increased its financial support to arms companies supplying weapons and military technology to Israel, raising its involvement by 55% since 2021. The bank holds over £2 billion in shares and provides £6.1 billion in loans and underwriting to nine such companies.[166][167] Additionally, the report cited research from December 2023 that found that Barclays is Europe's sixth-largest creditor of firms operating in illegal Israeli settlements in the occupied West Bank.[168][169] Barclays has denied investing its own money in weapons companies, stating that it only invests its clients' money and has affirmed its continued commitment to the State of Israel.[170][171][172]

In January 2025, Apple had talks with Barclays and Synchrony Financial about replacing Goldman Sachs as Apple's credit card partner.[173]

In early February 2025, Barclays experienced a significant IT glitch that disrupted online and mobile banking services for several days. The issue began on a Friday, coinciding with payday for many UK workers and the self-assessment tax return deadline. Customers reported being unable to access their accounts, view accurate balances, or confirm recent transactions. Barclays assured customers that ATMs and card payments were unaffected, allowing cash withdrawals and purchases.[174]

In February 2025, The bank set aside £90 million to address potential compensation claims related to a car finance mis-selling scandal. This follows a Court of Appeal ruling that expanded the scope of the issue for lenders.[175]

In March 2025, Barclays informed the Treasury Select Committee that it faced having to pay up to £12.5 million in compensation due to technical outages over the last two years. This disclosure followed Barclays' outage in late January disrupting over half of all its online payments. The bank expected to pay £5–7.5 million for that incident, plus £5 million for others since 2023.[176]

In December 2025, it was reported that Barclays were one of the bidders in the £2.5 billion takeover battle for Evelyn Partners.[177]

### Environmental criticism

In 2017, Barclays faced protests by environmentalists because of its ownership of Third Energy Onshore which planned to extract natural gas using hydraulic fracturing (fracking) at Kirby Misperton in Yorkshire. Barclays later sold Third Energy in 2020 to Alpha Energy.[178][179]

In 2020, the campaign group ShareAction filed a resolution at Barclays AGM[180] because of its role as Europe's largest funder of fossil fuel companies. Barclays invested $85 billion in fossil fuel extraction and $24 billion in expansion.[181]

## Operations

In February 2024, Group CEO, C.S. Venkatakrishnan outlined a plan to improve operational and financial performance and improve total shareholder returns by making Barclays simpler, better and more balanced.[182][183]

As part of this strategy, Barclays was restructured into five divisions:[3]

* UK Consumer Bank – Barclays UK, a ring-fenced UK retail bank (Barclays Bank UK PLC), is one of the UK's leading financial brands and includes personal and business banking operations, alongside Barclaycard UK.
* Barclays UK Corporate Bank – has a relationship with over a quarter of UK Corporates, providing the financial and advisory capabilities to power the UK's SME and mid-cap businesses.
* Barclays Private Bank and Wealth Management (PBWM) – comprises a UK wealth offering, offering a range of financial services, including Smart Investor, a digital investing service. The Private Bank is centred in the primary global wealth hubs, providing clients with a range of investing, banking and lending products alongside expert advice.
* Barclays Investment Bank – Global Markets and Investment Banking franchises, including international corporate banking, serving multinational corporate and institutional clients globally.
* Barclays US Consumer Bank – offers co-branded, small business and private label credit cards, instalment loans, online savings accounts, and CDs.

Until February 2024, Barclays operated as two divisions, Barclays UK (BUK) and Barclays International (BI), supported by a service company, Barclays Execution Services (BX).[3]

* Barclays UK consists of UK Personal Banking, UK Business Banking and Barclaycard Consumer UK businesses, carried on by a UK ring-fenced bank (Barclays Bank UK PLC) and certain other entities within the Group.
* Barclays International consists of the "Investment Bank" and "Consumer, Cards and Payments" businesses, which are carried on by a nonring-fenced bank (Barclays Bank PLC) and its subsidiaries, as well as by certain other entities within the Group.

### Principal divisions and subsidiaries

Barclays' principal divisions and subsidiaries include:

* Barclaycard – global credit card business
* Barclays Bank plc – UK corporate bank
* Barclays Bank UK plc – UK retail bank
* Barclays Bank Delaware (formerly Barclaycard US, originally Juniper Bank, acquired 2003)
* Barclays Corporate
* Barclays Croatia
* Barclays Egypt
* Barclays Execution Services
* Barclays India
* Barclays Indonesia[184][185]
* Barclays Investment Bank
* Barclays Private Clients International – subsidiary based in the Isle of Man with branches in the Channel Islands
* Barclays Mauritius
* Barclays National Bank: former vice chairman, Julian Ogilvie Thompson.
* Barclays Pakistan
* Barclays Partner Finance
* Barclays Portugal (162 branches)[186]
* Barclays Rise (fintech accelerator with locations in New York, London, Manchester, Vilnius(sold), Cape Town, Tel Aviv and Mumbai)[187]
* Barclays Shared Services Chennai (India)
* Barclays Shared Services Noida (India)
* Barclays Technologies Centre China (closed)
* Barclays Technologies Centre India
* Barclays Technologies Centre Singapore (closed)
* Barclays Technologies Centre Lithuania (closed)
* Firstplus Financial Group plc
* Kensington Mortgages
* Barclays Private Bank

### Branches and ATMs

A Barclays branch on Park Lane in London, United Kingdom Former Barclays office in Vilnius, Lithuania

Barclays operates in over 40 countries, in the United Kingdom there are over 200 branches.[188] In the UK, Barclays also offers some personal banking services through branches of the Post Office. Most Barclays branches have 24/7 ATMs. Barclays customers and the customers of many other banks can use Barclays ATMs for free in the UK, although in some other countries fees are charged. Barclays is a member of the Global ATM Alliance, an alliance of international banks which allows each banks' customers to use their ATM or debit card at all other member banks with no ATM access fees when travelling internationally.[189]

### Senior management

* Chairman: Nigel Higgins (since May 2019)
* Chief Executive: C. S. Venkatakrishnan (since November 2021)

Former Madrid headquarters at Torres de Colón

#### List of former group chairmen

The position of group chairman was formed in 1896, along with the formation of Barclay and Company Limited.[190]

* Francis Bevan (1896–1916)
* Frederick Goodenough (1917–1934)
* William Tuke (1934–1936)
* Edwin Fisher (1937–1946)
* Sir William Goodenough (1947–1951)
* Anthony Tuke (1951–1962)
* John Thomson (1962–1973)
* Sir Anthony Tuke (1973–1981)
* Sir Timothy Bevan (1981–1987)
* John Quinton (1987–1992)
* Andrew Buxton (1993–1999)
* Sir Peter Middleton (1999–2004)
* Matthew Barrett (2004–2007)
* Marcus Agius (2007–2012)
* Sir David Walker (2012–2015)
* John McFarlane (2015–2019)

#### List of former group chief executives

The position of group chief executive was formed in 1992; prior to that, the group chairman held executive authority over the group.[190]

* Andrew Buxton (1992–1993)
* Martin Taylor (1994–1998)
* Sir Peter Middleton (1998–1999)
* Michael O'Neill (1999)
* Matthew Barrett (1999–2004)
* John Varley (2004–2010)
* Bob Diamond (2011–2012)
* Antony Jenkins (2012–2015)
* Jes Staley (2015–2021)

## Sponsorships

A Barclays Cycle Hire docking station in central London

Barclays was a long time title sponsor of the Premier League (as the FA Barclays Premiership and later Barclays Premier League) which started on the 2003–04 season and ended with 2015–16 season.[191] Barclaycard previously sponsored the league (as the FA Barclaycard Premiership) from 2001 to 2004.[192]

In 2007, Barclays agreed a 20-year naming rights agreement for $400 million for the Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York City, home of the Brooklyn Nets basketball team. Two years later, due to the slump in the economy the deal was renegotiated to $200 million.[193][194]

Barclays sponsored the 2008 Dubai Tennis Championships.[195]

Barclays was the sponsor of the Barclays Cycle Hire scheme in London from its inception in 2010 to 2015, as part of a £25 million deal with Transport for London.[196][197]

In December 2025, Barclays became the headline sponsor of Hampden Park, Scotland’s national stadium.[198]

In February 2026, Barclays was signed as the official banking partner of Williams F1 Team.[199]

## Coat of Arms

The College of Arms granted arms to Barclays Bank Limited with the following blazoning:[200][201]

Coat of arms of Barclays  |

Adopted
22 October 1937
Escutcheon
Argent, an eagle displayed sable charged on the body and on each wing with a ducal coronet of the field.

|

## See also

* List of largest banks
* List of banks in the United Kingdom

## Notes

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "Annual Results 2025". Barclays. https://home.barclays/content/dam/home-barclays/documents/investor-relations/ResultAnnouncements/FullYear2025Results/FY25-BPLC-Results-RA.pdf.
2. ↑ "About us". Barclays. https://search.jobs.barclays/about-us.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Structure and Leadership". Barclays. https://home.barclays/who-we-are/structure-and-leadership/.
4. ↑ Barclays – A Quick History, archive.barclays.com, https://www.archive.barclays.com/items/show/5419, retrieved 16 August 2017
5. ↑ Knight, India (18 September 2008). "Barclays' deal gives hope to UK staff of Lehman Brothers". The Times (London). http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/banking_and_finance/article4776142.ece.
6. ↑ "2021 List of Global Systemically Important Banks (G-SIBs)". Financial Stability Board. 23 November 2021. https://www.fsb.org/2021/11/2021-list-of-global-systemically-important-banks-g-sibs/.
7. ↑ "Wem gehört die Welt?" (in de). Die Zeit. 31 March 2012. http://images.zeit.de/wissen/2012-05/s37-infografik-wirtschaft.pdf.
8. ↑ Vitali, Stefania; Glattfelder, James B.; Battiston, Stefano (26 October 2011). "The Network of Global Corporate Control". PLOS ONE 6 (10). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025995. PMID 22046252. Bibcode: 2011PLoSO...625995V.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Our Firm". Barclays Capital. http://www.barcap.com/About+Barclays+Capital/Our+Firm.
10. ↑ "Europe’s 50 largest banks by assets, 2024" (in en). https://www.spglobal.com/market-intelligence/en/news-insights/research/europes-50-largest-banks-by-assets-2024.
11. ↑ "Barclays". https://www.forbes.com/companies/barclays/.
12. ↑ Mones, Deza (24 April 2026). "Europe's 50 largest banks by assets, 2026". S&P Global. https://www.spglobal.com/market-intelligence/en/news-insights/research/2026/04/the-worlds-largest-banks-by-assets-2026.
13. ↑ Barfoot, C. C. (1991). Trouble with the Apostrophe: Or, 'You Know What Hairdresser's Are Like' Language usage and description: Studies presented to N.E. Osselton on the occasion of his retirement. Amsterdam – Atlanta, GA: Rodopi. pp. 129–130. ISBN 90-5183-312-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=ww3cSZGVgoUC&pg=PA129. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
14. ↑ "Barclays Our Story and History | Barclays" (in en). https://home.barclays/who-we-are/our-history/.
15. ↑ "Company History". Barclays Newsroom: Business History. Barclays. http://www.aboutbarclays.co.uk/content/detail.asp?NewsAreaID=138. See also: Barclays: The Business of Banking, 1690–1996 by Margaret Ackrill and Leslie Hannah; Cambridge UP, 2001 ISBN 0-521-79035-2
16. ↑ "Company History". Barclays.lk – About us: Our History | 1690–1972. Barclays. http://www.aboutbarclays.co.uk/content/detail.asp?NewsAreaID=138.
17. ↑ Williams, Eric (1964). Slavery and Capitalism. London: Deutsch. p. 116.
18. ↑ Shepherd, Verene (24 February 2008). "Freedom in the era of slavery: The case of the Barclay brothers in Jamaica". The Gleaner. http://old.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20080224/news/news3.html.
19. ↑ Gamble 1923, 46.
20. ↑ Ackrill, Margaret; Hannah, Leslie (2001). Barclays: The Business of Banking, 1690-1996. Cambridge University Press. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-521-79035-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=yAwipk34KP0C.
21. ↑ "The Gurney family and banking in Norwich". Heritage City. http://www.heritagecity.org/research-centre/industrial-innovation/the-gurney-family-and-banking-in-norwich.htm.
22. ↑ "Bank and Agent's House, British Linen Bank". Stirling Archives. 15 February 2016. http://www.stirlingarchives.scot/2016/02/15/bank-and-agents-house-british-linen-bank-balfron-1923/.
23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 European Association for Banking History (1994). Handbook on the history of European banks. Aldershot, Hants, England: E. Elgar. pp. 1198–1199. ISBN 978-1-78195-421-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=eXvfNDHpfWwC&q="barclays+bank+international"+established&pg=PA1193. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
24. ↑ Raychaudhuri et al., eds. (1983), Vol. 2, p.782.
25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 "Holocaust shame of Barclays". The Guardian. 28 March 1999. https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/mar/28/theobserver7.
26. ↑ "Barclays to compensate Jews". BBC News. https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/237392.stm.
27. ↑ "Head Office Circular announcing the appointment of Hilda Harding as branch manager". Barclays. 15 May 1958. https://www.archive.barclays.com/items/show/662.
28. ↑ "Barclays". Investors chronicle and stock exchange gazette 10: p. 922. 5 December 1969. Accessed 4 May 2012.
29. ↑ Leith McGrandle (5 December 1969). "Barclays". Accountancy 85: p. 54. Accessed 4 May 2012.
30. ↑ "Insert card here". CIO Magazine. July 1988. https://books.google.com/books?id=3AQAAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA32.
31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Milligan, Brian (25 June 2007). "The man who invented the cash machine". BBC News. https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6230194.stm.
32. ↑ "Italy | Barclays Group Archives". https://www.archive.barclays.com/items/show/65.
33. ↑ Reid, Margaret (1982). The secondary banking crisis, 1973–75: its causes and course. Macmillan. p. 128. ISBN 978-0-333-28376-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=_XmuAAAAIAAJ&q=The+secondary+banking+crisis,+1973-75:+its+causes+and+course. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
34. ↑ "54 Lombard Street, London, UK". https://manchesterhistory.net/architecture/1990/54lombard.html.
35. ↑ "Barclays plc". Funding Universe. http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Barclays-plc-Company-History.html.
36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 MJ Larson, G Schnyder, G Westerhaus, J Wilson (2013) — p.53 in (Andrea Colli, Abe De Jong, Martin Jes Iversen editors) Mapping European Corporations: Strategy, Structure, Ownership and Performance published by Routledge, 13 September 2013 ISBN 1135754446, ISBN 9781135754440 \- accessed 14 February 2020
37. ↑ "Abstract – SAS-Space". Sas-space.sas.ac.uk. 8 February 2011. http://sas-space.sas.ac.uk/2762/.
38. ↑ "About BZW (Barclays de Zoete Wedd)". LinkedIn. http://www.linkedin.com/company/bzw-barclays-de-zoete-wedd-.
39. ↑ "South Africa's Oldest Bank – An epic photographic journey". The Heritage Portal. https://www.theheritageportal.co.za/article/south-africas-oldest-bank-epic-photographic-journey.
40. ↑ Lerego, Michael (1996). Law of bank payments. FT Law & Tax. p. 472. ISBN 978-0-7520-0037-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=anVMAQAAIAAJ&q=Law+of+bank+payments+Michael+Lerego. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
41. ↑ Carrington, Mark; Langguth, Philip; Steiner, Thomas (1997). The banking revolution: salvation or slaughter?: how technology is creating winners and losers. Financial Times Pitman. p. 119. ISBN 978-0-273-63055-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=fid2QgAACAAJ&q=The+banking+revolution:+salvation+or+slaughter. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
42. ↑ Fisher, Lawrence M. (16 January 1988). "Wells Fargo to Buy Barclays in California". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/16/business/company-news-wells-fargo-to-buy-barclays-in-california.html.
43. ↑ "Mardi Gra bomber jailed". BBC News. 14 April 1999. https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/318913.stm.
44. ↑ "Barclays may well soon buy Wells Fargo Nikko". The New York Times. 19 June 1995. https://www.nytimes.com/1995/06/19/business/barclays-may-soon-purchase-wells-fargo-nikko.html.
45. ↑ "Barclays.com - Bob Diamond". http://group.barclays.com/About-us/Management-structure/The-Board/Biography/1225802845162.html.
46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 Junod, Tom (2009-09-11). "The Deal of the Century". Esquire. https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a6295/barclays-deal-of-the-century-1009/. Retrieved 2025-04-29.
47. ↑ "Revealed: what Credit Suisse really thinks about BZW". 14 November 1997. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-4885056.html.
48. ↑ "About BZW (Barclays de Zoete Wedd)". LinkedIn. http://www.linkedin.com/company/bzw-barclays-de-zoete-wedd-.
49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 "Barclays to Compensate Jews". BBC News (BBC.com). 17 December 1998. https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/237392.stm.
50. ↑ "Barclays webpage". http://www.barclays.net.
51. ↑ "Barclays bankrolls Mugabe's brutal regime". The Times. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article2848046.ece.
52. ↑ Barnett, Antony; Thompson, Christopher (28 January 2007). "Barclays' millions help to prop up Mugabe regime". The Guardian (Manchester). https://www.theguardian.com/money/2007/jan/28/accounts.Zimbabwenews.
53. ↑ Macleod, Murdo (11 November 2007). "Barclays' 'helping to fund Mugabe regime'". The Scotsman (Edinburgh). http://news.scotsman.com/zimbabwe/Barclays-helping-to-fund-Mugabe.3497546.jp.
54. ↑ Macleod, Murdo. "Barclays 'helping to fund Mugabe regime'". The Scotsman. http://scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com/zimbabwe/Barclays-helping-to-fund-Mugabe.3497546.jp.
55. ↑ "Robert Mugabe henchmen backed by Barclays". The Times. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/africa/article4232283.ece.
56. ↑ "Barclays buys rival Woolwich". BBC News. 11 August 2000. https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/875639.stm.
57. ↑ Barclays buys rival Woolwich. BBC News, 11 August 2000.
58. ↑ "Everything is big at Barclays: the chairman's pay has quadrupled just as 171 branches are closing". The Independent (UK). 31 March 2000. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/everythings-big-at-barclays-the-chairmans-pay-has-quadrupled-just-as-171-branches-are-closing-722358.html.
59. ↑ "CIBC, Barclays planning Caribbean joint venture". 24 July 2001. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/cibc-barclays-planning-caribbean-joint-venture/article18416752/.
60. ↑ Timmons, Heather (19 August 2004). "Barclays pays $293 million for US credit card issuer". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/19/business/barclays-pays-293-million-for-us-credit-card-issuer.html.
61. ↑ Timmons, Heather (9 May 2003). "Barclays agrees to buy Spanish bank in cash deal". The New York Times (SPAIN). https://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/09/business/barclays-agrees-to-buy-spanish-bank-in-cash-deal.html.
62. ↑ "Barclays looks to buy Absa stake". BBC News. 23 September 2004. https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/3683830.stm.
63. ↑ Siegel, Aaron (23 June 2006). "Barclays buys Wachovia unit for $469 million". InvestmentNews. http://www.investmentnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060623/REG/606230708/1094/INDaily03.
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65. ↑ "Barclays plans rebrand of Woolwich". Mad.co.uk. 28 June 2006. http://www.mad.co.uk/BreakingNews/BreakingNews/Articles/dc366386b91141a4bd605f83c3d36f8c/Barclays-plans-rebrand-of-Woolwich.html.
66. ↑ "Barclays sells Caribbean stake". BBC. 28 December 2006. https://www.bbc.co.uk/webarchive/https://www.bbc.co.uk/caribbean/news/story/2006/12/printable/061228_barclays.shtml.
67. ↑ "Barclays and ABN AMRO Announce Outline of Preliminary Discussions" (Press release). Barclays. 20 March 2007. Archived from the original on 7 January 2009. Retrieved 18 April 2011.
68. ↑ Werdigier, Julia (19 March 2007). "Barclays Bank Makes Inquiry on Takeover of ABN Amro". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/19/business/19deal.html.
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70. ↑ Mollenkamp, Carrick (3 February 2011). "Barclays's CEO Shifts to Plan B". The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB119158340445950068?mod=googlenews_wsj.
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72. ↑ "Barclays to buy sub-prime lender". The New York Times. 20 January 2007. https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9501E7D71E30F933A15752C0A9619C8B63.
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74. ↑ Seager, Ashley; Elliott, Larry; Kollewe, Julia (31 August 2007). "Barclays admits borrowing hundreds of millions". The Guardian (UK). https://www.theguardian.com/business/2007/aug/31/money.
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78. ↑ Costello, Miles (3 March 2008). "Barclays seals Expobank deal in Russia". The Times. http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/banking_and_finance/article3473418.ece.
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80. ↑ Lee, Peter. "Barclays keeps apologizing for saving the bank". Euromoney. http://www.euromoney.com/Article/2225039/Barclays-keeps-apologizing-for-saving-the-bank.html.
81. ↑ "An Independent Review of Barclays' Business Practices". The Wall Street Journal. 2 April 2013. http://online.wsj.com/public/resources/documents/SalzReview04032013.pdf.
82. ↑ "Barclays share sale raises £4.5bn". BBC News. 18 July 2008. https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7513178.stm.
83. ↑ Bowker, John; Gowling, Ralph (12 October 2008). "British banks set for 40 billion pound rescue: sources". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/innovationNewsIndustryMaterialsAndUtilities/idUSTRE49B37P20081012?sp=true.
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85. ↑ "Barclays confirms £6.5bn fundraising". Banking Times. 13 October 2008. http://www.bankingtimes.co.uk/13102008-barclays-confirms-65bn-fundraising/.
86. ↑ "US giant BlackRock buys arm of Barclays bank". The Guardian. Press Association (UK). 12 June 2009. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2009/jun/12/blackrock-to-buy-barclays-bank-arm.
87. ↑ Barclays buys Standard Life Bank BBC News. 26 October 2009
88. ↑ Neumann, Jeannette (1 September 2014). "Caixabank to Buy Barclays Retail Banking in Spain". The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/caixabank-to-buy-barclays-retail-banking-in-spain-1409515069.
89. ↑ "Barclays loses £500m on sale of Spanish business". Financial Times. September 2014. http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/fae5d374-3147-11e4-8313-00144feabdc0.html#axzz3hmjgufeX.
90. ↑ Penty, Charles (1 September 2014). "CaixaBank to Buy Barclays's Spanish Unit for 1.1 Billion". Bloomberg News. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-08-31/caixabank-to-buy-barclays-spain-units-for-1-05-billion.
91. ↑ Shankleman, Martin (11 March 2009). "Barclays 'corrupt regime' claim". BBC News. https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7936335.stm.
92. ↑ "Barclays gags Guardian over tax". The Guardian (London). 17 March 2009. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2009/mar/17/barclays-guardian-injunction-tax.
93. ↑ "Editorial: Barclays' secret documents". The Guardian (London). 24 January 2012. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2009/mar/17/barclays-tax-secret-documents.
94. ↑ "Marie-Jose Klaver " Guardian moet documenten van site verwijderen". NRC Handelsblad. http://weblogs3.nrc.nl/klaver/2009/03/17/guardian-moet-documenten-van-site-verwijderen/.
95. ↑ Felicity Lawrence; David Leigh (19 March 2009). "New whistleblower claims over £1bn Barclays tax deals". The Guardian (London). https://www.theguardian.com/business/2009/mar/19/new-barclays-tax-whistleblower-claims.
96. ↑ "Probe Circles Globe to Find Dirty Money", Carrick Mollenkamp, The Wall Street Journal, 3 September 2010.
97. ↑ "Barclays Bank told by Treasury to pay £500 million avoided tax". BBC News. 28 February 2012. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-17181213.
98. ↑ "Barclays to acquire ING Direct UK". BBC News. 9 October 2012. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-19880659.
99. ↑ "Barclays welcomes customers of ING Direct UK". http://www.ingdirect.co.uk/saleannouncement.asp.
100. ↑ 100.0 100.1 "How a U.K. Banker Helps U.S. Clients Trim Their Taxes - WSJ". Wall Street Journal. June 30, 2006. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB115150753537093095.
101. ↑ "Lord Mandelson attacks Barclays head". BBC News. 3 April 2010. https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8601512.stm.
102. ↑ Lawrence, Felicity (11 February 2013). "Barclays secret tax avoidance factory that made £1bn a year profit disbanded". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2013/feb/11/barclays-investment-banking-tax-avoidance.
103. ↑ Treanor, Jill (16 April 2013). "Barclays to buy Lehman Brothers assets". The Guardian (London). https://www.theguardian.com/business/2008/sep/16/barclay.lehmanbrothers1.
104. ↑ Howard Mustoe; Ambereen Choudhury (24 April 2013). "Barclays Reaps Benefit of Diamond's Purchase of Lehman in U.S.". Bloomberg News. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-04-24/barclays-reaps-benefit-of-diamond-s-purchase-of-lehman-in-u-s-.html.
105. ↑ "Judge approves $1.3bn Lehman deal". BBC News. 20 September 2008. https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7626624.stm.
106. ↑ Chasan, Emily (20 September 2008). "Judge approves Lehman, Barclays pact". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/rbssFinancialServicesAndRealEstateNews/idUSN1932554220080920.
107. ↑ Tong, Vinnee (21 September 2008). "Judge says Lehman can sell units to Barclays". The Argus-Press. Associated Press (Owosso, Michigan): p. 6A. https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1988&dat=20080921&id=wYkxAAAAIBAJ&pg=1538,1373426.
108. ↑ Teather, David; Treanor, Jill (16 September 2008). "Barclays clinches deal to buy Lehman assets for $2bn". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2008/sep/17/barclay.lehmanbrothers.
109. ↑ "Rich Ricci profile: Most of those blamed for the credit crisis have". 22 March 2013. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/rich-ricci-profile-most-of-those-blamed-for-the-credit-crisis-have-gone-to-ground-but-not-this-barclays-investment-banker-8546570.html.
110. ↑ "Barclays to pay $15 million over compliance failures tied to Lehman deal". Reuters. 23 September 2014. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-sec-barclays-violations-idUSKCN0HI1ZE20140923.
111. ↑ "Abigail Hofman: The loser list". Euromoney. 30 October 2008. http://www.euromoney.com/Article/2038377/Abigail-Hofman-The-loser-list.html#strategy.
112. ↑ "Abigail Hofman: More zeroes than heroes – Barclays". Euromoney. 1 December 2008. http://www.euromoney.com/Article/2059789/Abigail-with-attitude-More-zeroes-than-heroes.html#barclays.
113. ↑ Jeffery, Erica (12 May 2014). "Barclays' Qatari capital-raising timeline". Euromoney. http://www.euromoney.com/Article/3198818/Barclays-Qatari-capital-raising-timeline.html.
114. ↑ John Varley perplexed as Barclays' share price dives The Times, 23 January 2009
115. ↑ Thompson, Mary; Liesman, Steve (5 August 2010). "Big European Banks Benefit from AIG Bailout". CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2009/03/16/big-european-banks-benefit-from-aig-bailout.html.
116. ↑ Javers, Eamon (15 March 2009). "AIG ships billions in bailout abroad". Politico. https://www.politico.com/story/2009/03/aig-ships-billions-in-bailout-abroad-020039.
117. ↑ "Euromoney 40th anniversary special: Focus on Ipic". Euromoney. June 2009. http://www.euromoney.com/Article/2231148/Euromoney-40th-anniversary-special-Focus-on-Ipic.html.
118. ↑ Hofman, Abigail (3 December 2009). "Abigail with attitude: Barclays' tea leaves". Euromoney. http://www.euromoney.com/Article/2350993/Abigail-with-attitude-Barclays-tea-leaves.html.
119. ↑ 119.0 119.1 Jeffery, Erica (12 May 2014). "Barclays' Qatari capital-raising timeline". Euromoney. http://www.euromoney.com/Article/3198818/Barclays-Qatari-capital-raising-timeline.html.
120. ↑ "Barclays in Qatar loan probe". Financial Times. 31 January 2013. https://www.ft.com/content/47d412ce-6bd1-11e2-a700-00144feab49a.
121. ↑ "30 Competition and regulatory matters – Annual Report 2012". Barclays.com. http://reports.barclays.com/ar12/financialstatements/notes/accrualsprovisionslegalproceedingsandcontingentliabilities/30competitionandregulatorymatters.html.
122. ↑ "Statement of Facts". United States Department of Justice. 26 June 2012. https://www.justice.gov/iso/opa/resources/9312012710173426365941.pdf.
123. ↑ 123.0 123.1 123.2 123.3 "Barclays fined for attempts to manipulate Libor rates". BBC News. 27 June 2012. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-18612279.
124. ↑ 124.0 124.1 "Barclays to pay largest civil fine in CFTC history". CBS News. 27 June 2012. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/barclays-to-pay-largest-civil-fine-in-cftc-history/.
125. ↑ Pollock, Ian (28 June 2012). "Libor scandal: Who might have lost?". BBC News. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-18622907.
126. ↑ "Barclays to pay over 450 million dollars to settle charges regarding LIBOR". Xinhua News Agency. 27 June 2012. http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/business/2012-06/28/c_123339718.htm.
127. ↑ "Barclays chairman resigns over interest rate rigging scandal". NDTV profit. Reuters. 2 July 2012. http://profit.ndtv.com/News/Article/barclays-chairman-to-resign-over-interest-rate-rigging-scandal-307175.
128. ↑ "Barclays boss Bob Diamond resigns amid Libor scandal". BBC News. 3 July 2012. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-18685040.
129. ↑ "Bob Diamond quits as Barclays CEO". Philippine Daily Inquirer. 4 July 2012. http://business.inquirer.net/68943/bob-diamond-quits-as-barclays-ceo.
130. ↑ "Executive Profile Antony P. Jenkins". Bloomberg Business. 23 June 2015. https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=25068045&ticker=BARC:LN.
131. ↑ "Three former Barclays staff charged for alleged Libor rates manipulation". London Mercury. 17 February 2014. http://www.londonmercury.com/index.php/sid/220121417/scat/fad6c6ce3bc72160/ht/Three-former-Barclays-staff-charged-for-alleged-Libor-rates-manipulation.
132. ↑ Johnston, Chris (6 April 2017). "Traders found not guilty in Libor retrial". https://www.bbc.com/news/business-39514924.
133. ↑ US energy regulator orders Barclays to pay £299m fine The Guardian 17 July 2013
134. ↑ "FCA fines Barclays 26mn pounds over gold price manipulation". The London News.Net. http://www.thelondonnews.net/index.php/sid/222273039/scat/3a8a80d6f705f8cc/ht/FCA-fines-Barclays-26mn-pounds-over-gold-price-manipulation.
135. ↑ "Dark pool fraud lawsuit filed against Barclays in US". New York Telegraph. 27 June 2014. http://www.newyorktelegraph.com/index.php/sid/223293195/scat/3a8a80d6f705f8cc/ht/Dark-pool-fraud-lawsuit-filed-against-Barclays-in-US.
136. ↑ "Barclays seeks dismissal of New York dark pool suit". The London News.Net. http://www.thelondonnews.net/index.php/sid/224095831/scat/3a8a80d6f705f8cc/ht/Barclays-seeks-dismissal-of-New-York-dark-pool-suit.
137. ↑ "Barclays, Credit Suisse strike record deals with SEC, NY over dark pools". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/sec-new-york-darkpools-idUSL2N15G0KS.
138. ↑ Jolly, Jasper (7 September 2017). "Barclays and Lloyds in £10bn BoE borrowing boost". http://www.cityam.com/271591/barclays-and-lloyds-gbp10bn-borrowing-boost-bank-england.
139. ↑ Anand, Nupur; Thomas, Chris (26 August 2021). "Barclays bets on India again with $400 mln infusion for banking, wealth businesses". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/business/barclays-invest-more-than-400-mln-grow-india-operations-2021-08-26/.
140. ↑ Matthews, Christopher M. (18 November 2015). "Barclays to Pay $150 Million Over 'Last Look' Trading System". The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/barclays-to-pay-150-million-over-last-look-trading-system-1447860696.
141. ↑ Richa Naidu (9 June 2015). "Stifel to buy former Lehman brokerage from Barclays". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-barclayswealth-stifel-financial-m-a-idUSKBN0OO1CB20150608.
142. ↑ "Barclays set to sell 1.5 billion pound stake in Africa business". Reuters. 31 May 2017. https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-barclays-africa/barclays-shares-rise-on-report-of-africa-stake-sale-idUKKBN18R1KL.
143. ↑ "Barclays continues pullback with final exit from European retail banking". https://www.ft.com/content/d3970784-0bc3-3ccf-95f7-83a051e4b1cc.
144. ↑ "Barclays charged with fraud in Qatar case". BBC News. 1 January 1970. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-40338220.
145. ↑ Treanor, Jill (1 January 1970). "Senior Barclays bankers charged with fraud over credit crunch fundraising". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2017/jun/20/sfo-charges-barclays-bank-executives-ceo-2008-qatar-fundraising.
146. ↑ "Former Barclays executives cleared of fraud charges". BBC. 28 February 2020. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-51673470.
147. ↑ "Barclays Bank charged over Qatar loans". BBC News. 12 February 2018. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-43029731.
148. ↑ "Barclays 'misled' the market over Qatar deal, court told". 8 June 2020. https://www.ft.com/content/60847757-80bd-420f-9d5a-8e244f4a5520.
149. ↑ "Amanda Staveley accused of exaggerating links with Abu Dhabi". 19 June 2020. https://www.ft.com/content/5be8e93a-c54c-426b-8412-cb3719e291cc.
150. ↑ "Amanda Staveley loses High Court fight with Barclays over damages". BBC News. 26 February 2021. https://www.bbc.com/news/business-56208668.
151. ↑ "Barclays using 'Big Brother' tactics to spy on staff, says TUC". 20 February 2020. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/feb/20/barlays-using-dytopian-big-brother-tactics-to-spy-on-staff-says-tuc.
152. ↑ "Barclays installs sensors to see which bankers are at their desks". 19 August 2017. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/barclays-bank-sensors-a7901566.html.
153. ↑ Fildes, Nic (18 May 2022). "Barclays doubles stake in Australian investment bank Barrenjoey". https://www.ft.com/content/f1de6f19-df99-4826-b6b1-ebfebabe4ce7.
154. ↑ Spezzati, Stefania (1 November 2021). "Staley to step down as Barclays CEO amid Epstein probe". https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/staley-to-step-down-as-barclays-ceo-amid-epstein-probe-1.1675015.
155. ↑ Volkery, Carsten (2 November 2021). "Neuer Barclays-Chef muss skeptische Anleger überzeugen" (in de). Handelsblatt. https://www.handelsblatt.com/finanzen/banken-versicherungen/banken/c-s-venkatakrishnan-neuer-barclays-chef-muss-skeptische-anleger-ueberzeugen/27760508.html?ticket=ST-3845890-bMD3fWNzuzBfhzZSZjBo-cas01.example.org.
156. ↑ "François Baroin, l’ancien président de l’AMF, nommé président de Barclays France" (in fr). January 20, 2022. https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2022/01/20/francois-baroin-l-ancien-president-de-l-amf-nomme-president-de-barclays-france_6110242_823448.html.
157. ↑ Fowler, Ryan (1 March 2023). "Barclays completes deal for Kensington Mortgages". The Intermediary. https://theintermediary.co.uk/2023/03/barclays-completes-deal-for-kensington-mortgages/.
158. ↑ "Bad Boys of Brexit claim they were 'debanked' like Nigel Farage". 29 July 2023. https://www.thetimes.com/uk/politics/article/bad-boys-of-brexit-claim-they-were-debanked-like-nigel-farage-sqzb332df.
159. ↑ "Arron Banks claims Barclays closed his account in 2018". 31 July 2023. https://www.postonline.co.uk/news/7953937/arron-banks-claims-barclays-closed-his-account-in-2018.
160. ↑ Quinio, Akila; Ralph, Oliver (9 February 2024). "Barclays to buy most of Tesco's banking business for £600mn". https://www.ft.com/content/65c35b44-6386-4cdd-a066-ed27b24b4187.
161. ↑ Tesco Bank, Our proposed transfer of your account(s) and product(s) to Barclays Bank UK PLC, July 2024
162. ↑ Nicholls, Catherine; Ziady, Hanna (10 June 2024). "British bank branches vandalized by pro-Palestinian and climate activists" (in en). CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2024/06/10/business/barclays-branches-vandalized-palestine-protesters/.
163. ↑ "Barclays banks across UK targeted by pro-Palestine protesters". BBC News. 10 June 2024. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c1rrzp1qwp1o.
164. ↑ "UK's Barclays to sell German consumer finance business". Reuters. 2024-07-04. https://www.reuters.com/markets/deals/uks-barclays-sell-german-consumer-finance-business-2024-07-04/.
165. ↑ "Barclays heads for Italy retail exit with vast RMBS". 2024-05-07. https://www.globalcapital.com/securitization/article/2d7cnge01hio2i55ewk5c/securitization/rmbs-europe/barclays-heads-for-italy-retail-exit-with-vast-rmbs.
166. ↑ "Barclays has 'increased' Israel arms trade investments" (in en). 2024-05-07. https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/uk-israel-gaza-barclays-arms-trade.
167. ↑ "Barclays 'substantially increased' financing of arms companies supplying Israel". New Arab. 2024-05-08. https://www.newarab.com/news/barclays-increased-financing-israel-linked-arms-firms.
168. ↑ "Barclays: Bankrolling genocide & apartheid" (in en). 2024-06-28. https://waronwant.org/news-analysis/barclays-bankrolling-genocide-apartheid.
169. ↑ "UK banks accused of funding Israel's war on Gaza" (in en-EN). The New Arab. 2024-02-23. https://www.newarab.com/news/uk-banks-accused-funding-israels-war-gaza.
170. ↑ "Barclays planned to withdraw from Israeli bond auctions: Report" (in en). 2024-08-12. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/8/15/barclays-planned-to-withdraw-from-israeli-bond-auctions-report.
171. ↑ "Barclays, facing protests, says it does not invest in defence firms supplying Israel" (in en). Reuters. 2024-05-01. https://www.reuters.com/world/uk/barclays-says-it-doesnt-invest-defence-firms-supplying-israel-2024-05-01/.
172. ↑ Levingston, Ivan; Aliaj, Ortenca; Shotter, James (2024-08-14). "Barclays planned to shun Israeli bond sale under activist pressure". Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/4ffa7745-b765-4efb-b180-035aff3a3432.
173. ↑ "Exclusive: Apple in talks with Barclays, Synchrony to replace Goldman in credit card deal, sources say". January 16, 2025. https://www.reuters.com/technology/apple-talks-with-barclays-synchrony-replace-goldman-credit-card-deal-sources-say-2025-01-15/.
174. ↑ "Barclays tells customers to contact food banks as IT glitch disruption enters third day". https://news.sky.com/story/barclays-tells-customers-to-contact-food-banks-as-it-glitch-disruption-enters-third-day-13300931.
175. ↑ Martin, Ben (13 February 2025). "Barclays sets aside £90m for car finance scandal". https://www.thetimes.com/business-money/companies/article/barclays-share-price-bank-finance-scandal-fj76djb5l?region=global.
176. ↑ Wise, Anna (6 March 2025). "Barclays to pay up to £12.5m in compensation to customers hit by outages". https://www.standard.co.uk/news/tech/barclays-meg-hillier-mps-b1214984.html.
177. ↑ "High street banking giants vie for £2.5bn wealth manager Evelyn" (in en). https://news.sky.com/story/high-street-banking-giants-vie-for-2-5bn-wealth-manager-evelyn-13487136.
178. ↑ Kleinman, Mark. "Barclays-backed fracker Third Energy courts rivals for cash". https://news.sky.com/story/barclays-backed-fracker-third-energy-courts-rivals-for-cash-11287180.
179. ↑ Twidale, Susanna (25 April 2019). "Barclays to exit British gas fracking industry". https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-fracking/barclays-to-exit-british-gas-fracking-industry-idUKKCN1S122S.
180. ↑ Wearden, Graeme (12 February 2020). "Climate change activists target Bank of England and Barclays - business live". https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/feb/12/barclays-pressure-fossil-fuel-loans-asset-manager-amundi.
181. ↑ "Banking on Climate Change – Fossil Fuel Finance Report Card 2019". https://www.banktrack.org/article/banking_on_climate_change_fossil_fuel_finance_report_card_2019.
182. ↑ "Progress Update 2024". Barclays. https://home.barclays/progress-update-2024/.
183. ↑ "Simpler, Better, More balanced". Barclays. https://home.barclays/content/dam/home-barclays/documents/investor-relations/ResultAnnouncements/FullYear2023Results/20240220-Barclays-Investor-Update-Presentation.pdf.
184. ↑ "Barclays slides after downgrade". BBC News. 2 February 2009. https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7865195.stm.
185. ↑ "Bank Akita News" (in id). http://www.bankakita.co.id/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=38&Itemid=1.
186. ↑ Slater, Steve (2 September 2008). "Barclays mulls Spanish insurance stake sale". Reuters. http://uk.reuters.com/article/mergersNews/idUKL271397520080902.
187. ↑ "Think Rise – Home". https://thinkrise.com/.
188. ↑ "Annual Report 2024". Barclays. https://home.barclays/content/dam/home-barclays/documents/investor-relations/reports-and-events/annual-reports/2024/Barclays-Bank-UK-Annual-Report-2024.pdf.
189. ↑ "Five big banks form Global ATM Alliance" , ATMmarketplace.com. 9 January 2002. Retrieved 22 June 2007.
190. ↑ 190.0 190.1 "Chairs and Chief Executives". https://www.archive.barclays.com/items/browse?type=28.
191. ↑ "Barclays confirms £31 million League extension". Sports Pro Media. 22 March 2019. https://www.sportspromedia.com/news/barclays-confirms-uk31.5m-premier-league-extension.
192. ↑ "Barclays secures FA Premier League sponsorship". Sportbusiness.com. 28 September 2006. http://www.sportbusiness.com/news/160512/barclays-secures-fa-premier-league-sponsorship.
193. ↑ "Nets' new arena reportedly to be called Barclays Centre". NY1. 17 January 2007. http://www.ny1.com/archives/nyc/all-boroughs/2007/01/17/nets-new-arena-reportedly-to-be-called-barclays-center-NYC_65958.old.html.
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198. ↑ "Barclays announces multi-year partnership with Scotland's national stadium". https://home.barclays/news/press-releases/2025/11/barclays-announces-multi-year-partnership-with-scotland-s-nation/.
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201. ↑ Briggs, Geoffrey (1971). Civic & corporate heraldry: a dictionary of impersonal arms of England, Wales, & N. Ireland. London: (10 Beauchamp Place, S.W.3), Heraldry Today. pp. 48–49. ISBN 978-0-900455-21-6.

## References

* Ackrill, Margaret; Hannah, Leslie (2001). Barclays: The Business of Banking, 1690-1996. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-79035-2. OCLC 43562105.
* Gamble, Audrey Nona (1924). A History of the Bevan Family. London: Headley Brothers. OCLC 18546896. https://archive.org/details/historyofbevanfa00gamb.
* Raychaudhuri, Tappan; Irfan, Habib; Kumar, Dharma (1983). The Cambridge Economic History of India c. 1751 – c. 1970. 2. CUP Archive. ISBN 978-0-521-22802-2.c. 1751 –+c. 1970&rft.aulast=Raychaudhuri&rft.aufirst=Tappan&rft.au=Raychaudhuri, Tappan&rft.au=Irfan, Habib&rft.au=Kumar, Dharma&rft.date=1983&rft.volume=2&rft.pub=CUP+Archive&rft.isbn=978-0-521-22802-2&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikibooks.org:Company:Barclays">

## Further reading

* Augar, Philip (2018). The bank that lived a little: Barclays in the age of the very free market. London, UK: Allen Lane, an imprint of Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-241-33597-0. OCLC 1038449999.
* Tuke, A. W.; Gillman, R. J. H. (1972). Barclays Bank Limited, 1926–1969: Some Recollections. London: Barclays Bank Ltd. ISBN 978-0-9500442-8-6.

## External links

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* Sparekassen Sjælland
* Sydbank
* Vestfyns Bank
* Vestjysk Bank

Finland|

* Aktia Bank
* Bank of Åland
* Nordea Bank
* Pohjola Bank
* S-Bank
* Tapiola Bank

France|

* Banque Michel Inchauspé - BAMI
* Banque Palatine
* BNP Paribas
* BPCE
* BRED Banque Populaire
* Crédit Agricole
* Crédit Coopératif
* Crédit du Nord
* Crédit Mutuel Arkéa
* Credit Mutuel CIC Banque
* HSBC France
* La Banque postale
* Natixis
* Société Générale

Germany|

* Berenberg Bank
* BHF Bank
* Bremer Landesbank
* Commerzbank
* Deutsche Bank
* Deutsche Bundesbank
* Deutsche Postbank
* DZ Bank
* Europe Arab Bank Frankfurt
* Hamburger Sparkasse
* JP Morgan Chase Bank
* Landesbank Baden-Württemberg
* Landesbank Berlin Holding
* Landesbank Hessen-Thüringen
* Oldenburgische Landesbank
* SECB Swiss Euro Clearing Bank
* The Bank of New York Mellon, Frankfurt Branch
* VTB Bank (Deutschland)

Greece|

* Alpha Bank
* Eurobank Ergasias
* National Bank of Greece
* Piraeus Bank

Hungary|

* Budapest Bank
* CIB Bank
* Erste Bank
* FHB Mortgage Bank
* Hanwha Bank
* Hungarian Development Bank
* Hungarian National Bank
* K&H Bank
* MagNet Bank
* MKB Bank
* OTP Bank
* Raiffeisen Bank
* Sberbank Europe Group
* Takarékbank
* UniCredit

Ireland|

* Allied Irish Banks
* Bank of Ireland

Italy|

* Banca del Fucino
* Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena
* Banca Nazionale del Lavoro
* Banca Popolare del Lazio
* Banca Popolare di Sondrio
* Banca Sella
* Banco BPM
* BPER Banca
* Cassa di Risparmio di Fermo
* Cassa di Risparmio di Ravenna
* Banca di Imola
* Credito Emiliano
* Credito Valtellinese
* ICCREA Banca
* Intesa Sanpaolo
* Nexi
* Raiffeisen Landesbank Südtirol
* UBI Banca
* UniCredit

Luxembourg|

* Banque et Caisse d'Épargne de l'État
* Banque Raiffeisen
* Banque Internationale à Luxembourg
* KBL European Private Bankers
* Société Générale Bank & Trust

Netherlands|

* ABN Amro Bank
* De Nederlandsche Bank
* ING Bank
* Rabobank Nederland

Portugal|

* Banco BPI
* Banco BCP
* Caixa Geral de Depósitos
* Novo Banco

Slovenia|

* Banka Slovenije

Spain|

* Abanca
* Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria
* Banco Sabadell
* Banco Santander
* Bankia
* Bankinter
* CaixaBank
* Ibercaja Banco
* Kutxabank
* Unicaja Banco
* CECABANK

Sweden|

* Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken
* Svenska Handelsbanken
* Swedbank

United
Kingdom|

* Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ
* Barclays Bank
* Citibank
* DNB Bank (NOR)
* HSBC Bank
* JPMorgan Chase Bank, London Branch
* Kookmin Bank International
* Lloyds Bank
* MashreqBank (UAE)
* Royal Bank of Scotland
* UBS
* Wells Fargo Bank

Non-EU|

* Bank of China (CHN)

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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barclays. Read more

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