CCP Games

CCP ehf.

Trade name

| CCP Games
Type| Subsidiary
Industry| Video games
Founded| June 1997; 28 years ago (1997-06)
Founders|

* Reynir Harðarson
* Þórólfur Beck Kristjónsson
* Ívar Kristjánsson

Headquarters|

Reykjavík

Iceland

Number of locations

| 3 (2023)

Key people

* Birgir Már Ragnarsson
* (chairman)
* Hilmar Veigar Pétursson
* (CEO)

Products|

* Dust 514
* Software:Eve: Valkyrie
* Eve Online

Net income

|  US$63.6 million (2022)
Total equity|  US$ 63.9 million (2022)

Number of employees

|  173 (2022)
Parent| Pearl Abyss (2018–present)
Website| ccpgames.com

CCP ehf., doing business as CCP Games (short for Crowd Control Productions), is an Icelandic video game developer based in Reykjavík. Novator Partners and General Catalyst had previously collectively owned a majority stake in the company, and in September 2018, CCP was acquired by South Korean video game publisher Pearl Abyss for US$425 million.[1] CCP Games is best known for developing Eve Online, which was released in 2003 and has since been maintained.

## Contents

* 1 History
* 1.1 White Wolf Publishing acquisition and CCP North America
* 1.2 Restructuring (2011–2017)
* 1.3 Acquisition by Pearl Abyss (2018–present)
* 2 Games developed
* 2.1 EVE Online
* 2.2 Dust 514
* 2.3 Eve: Valkyrie
* 2.4 Gunjack
* 2.5 Gunjack 2: End of Shift
* 2.6 Sparc
* 2.7 Vanguard
* 2.8 EVE Galaxy Conquest
* 2.9 Cancelled games
* 2.9.1 World of Darkness Online
* 2.9.2 Project Legion
* 2.9.3 Eve: The Second Genesis
* 2.9.4 Project Nova
* 3 References
* 4 External links

## History

CCP Games was founded in June 1997 by Reynir Harðarson, Þórólfur Beck Kristjónsson and Ívar Kristjánsson for the purpose of making MMORPGs.[2][3] Harðarson was working at a metaverse company called OZ Interactive who had developed an engine for distributed 3D simulations over the internet, but not for gaming. Wanting to use the technology to build MMOs, Harðarson left OZ to found CCP with Beck and Kristjánsson, bringing over key people, including CEO Hilmar Veigar Pétursson and creative director Torfi Frans Ólafsson.[4]

The name "CCP" is short for "Crowd Control Productions".[5] To finance the initial development of Eve Online, CCP Games developed and published a board game, called Hættuspil ("Danger Game").[2] The game sold more than 10,000 copies to Iceland's 80,000 households.[6]

While seeking funds for development, CCP assisted in developing pitch materials for the Icelandic children's show LazyTown.[7] In April 2000 the company, with Sigurður Arnljótsson as CEO, raised $2.6 million, through a closed offering organised by Kaupthing Bank, from private investors in Iceland, including the Icelandic telephone company Síminn. Arnljótsson was with the company from 1999 to 2002, during which time the company raised two rounds of financing and secured a contract with publisher Simon & Schuster. Approximately half of the initial 21 employees came from Icelandic dot-com company OZ Interactive.

### White Wolf Publishing acquisition and CCP North America

On 11 November 2006, it was announced that CCP Games had entered a merger agreement with White Wolf Publishing.[8][9] With the merge, the combined company planned to produce "the industry's most innovative games leveraging both online and offline systems".[10] While CCP Games looked into creating online games based on White Wolf Publishing's properties, White Wolf Publishing would in turn create card games based on Eve Online.[11][12] On 3 October 2007, CCP Games announced that CCP North America, a new video game-focused subsidiary, would be set up within White Wolf Publishing's Stone Mountain, Georgia, location on 12 October, hiring 100 developers.[13][14] White Wolf Publishing president Mike Tinney was additionally promoted to head of CCP North America.[15][16][17] In February 2011, CCP Games announced that intentions to expand the location from their presently 150 positions to 300, and move the studio to new housing in Decatur, Georgia.[18][19][20][21] However, when CCP Games let go 20% of their worldwide staff, most of these layoffs occurred at CCP North America.[22][23] On 27 February 2012, Tinney stated that he had departed from both operations to focus on his new gaming-and-health startup, UtiliFIT.[24][25][26] In December 2013, another 15 people from the World of Darkness Online development team were let go.[27][28] White Wolf Publishing was acquired by Paradox Interactive on 29 October 2015.[29][30][31] The deal comprised an undisclosed all-cash sum for CCP Games, and the company assets of White Wolf Publishing, their intellectual property and the rights to World of Darkness Online for Paradox Interactive.[32][33][34]

### Restructuring (2011–2017)

Hilmar Veigar Pétursson, CEO of CCP, in 2017

In October 2011, following a large controversy over its introduction of microtransactions to the game EVE Online, CCP Games announced that it would be reducing its staff. CCP Games published an announcement to its community admitting that it was a mistake to release the Incarna expansion in its stage of development at the time. In the wake of the Incarna expansion and following a mass protest by EVE Online players, CCP Games announced that it had decided to prioritise and shift focus from their World of Darkness MMO back to EVE-Universe products, EVE Online and Dust 514. The restructuring resulted in the layoff of 20% of CCP Games' staff worldwide. The majority of these layoffs affected the Atlanta office, but also terminated several positions in CCP headquarters in Reykjavík, Iceland. Despite considerable downsizing, CCP Games claims that EVE Online and its development is stronger than ever and that the company will continue to grow.[35] CCP Games confirmed that they had moved away from the Incarna/Ambulation project to focus on the core game mechanics and that Incarna may be revisited further down the line.[36]

On 28 August 2014, CCP Games shut down its San Francisco studio to refocus efforts on EVE Online. At the same time, CFO Joe Gallo and CMO David Reid resigned.[37] As of 2015, none of CCP Games' original founders were still with the company.

On 30 October 2017, CCP Games announced it would shutter its Atlanta studio, and sell off its Newcastle studio, affecting approximately 1000 employees. It announced that it would shift its focus from VR development to PC and mobile game development.[38] The Newcastle studio was absorbed by Sumo Digital.[39]

### Acquisition by Pearl Abyss (2018–present)

Pearl Abyss, the South Korean publisher of Black Desert Online, announced on 6 September 2018 that they had agreed to acquire CCP Games for about US$425 million. CCP's development studios in Reykjavík, London, and Shanghai would continue under CCP Games, while the publishing and marketing functions of CCP would be integrated with Pearl Abyss.[40] The deal was closed on 12 October.[1] At the time, CCP Games had 250 employees across three development studios.[1]

## Games developed

### EVE Online

Main article: Software:Eve Online

EVE Online is CCP Games' first video game, originally published by Simon & Schuster in May 2003. CCP Games later reacquired the rights to publish EVE Online and continues to manage it to this day. EVE Online's core gameplay revolves around player decisions around mining, exploration, industry, factional warfare, piracy, and other general PvP fighting. Some major design choices include a player-driven market economy very similar to that of real life and the freedom to do what might otherwise be considered illegal activities, such as scamming for in-game items or currencies.

### Dust 514

Main article: Software:Dust 514

On 18 August 2009, CEO Hilmar Veigar Pétursson announced Dust 514, a new ground-based first-person shooter (FPS) with real-time strategy elements being developed by CCP Games' Shanghai office. Dust 514 was released for the PlayStation 3 on 14 May 2013.[41] It featured a core first-person shooter experience, with a high level of customization. The game was shut down by CCP Games on 30 May 2016.[42]

### Eve: Valkyrie

Main article: Software:Eve: Valkyrie

Eve: Valkyrie was a first-person space combat simulator set in the EVE Online universe for the Oculus Rift on 28 March 2016 and on PlayStation VR on 13 October 2016. It was made available for the HTC Vive on 17 November 2016. In the game, players took the role of an immortal fighter pilot, fighting with teams of other pilots to capture objectives and to defeat the opposing team. An update on 26 September 2017 allowed the game to be played without VR. As of August 5, 2022, CCP officially turned off all servers for the game, making the game unplayable.[43]

### Gunjack

Gunjack is a virtual-reality arcade shooter released for the Samsung Gear VR on 20 November 2015, the Oculus Rift on 28 March 2016, and the HTC Vive on 5 April 2016. A PlayStation VR version is planned for release in 2016.[44] Players take the role of a turret operator defending a mining operation, set in the EVE Online universe. It gathered positive critical reviews on release.[45][46]

### Gunjack 2: End of Shift

Gunjack 2: End of Shift is a virtual-reality arcade shooter released for Google Daydream on 8 December 2016. Players take the role of a turret operator defending a mining operation, set in the EVE Online universe.

### Sparc

Sparc was a virtual reality sports game and was CCP Games' first non-Eve title.[47] The game was announced on 27 February 2016.[48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][excessive citations]

### Vanguard

Vanguard is an in-development FPS taking place in the EVE Online universe.[56]

### EVE Galaxy Conquest

EVE Galaxy Conquest is a free-to-play 4X strategy game for mobile devices (both iOS and Android) set in the EVE Online universe developed by CCP Games' Shanghai studio.[57][58]

### Cancelled games

#### World of Darkness Online

Main article: Software:World of Darkness (video game)

In October 2006, CCP Games chief marketing officer, Magnús Bergsson, stated that Eve would not be the only game to come out of CCP Games. On 11 November 2006 CCP Games and White Wolf Publishing jointly announced that CCP Games would be working on a World of Darkness Online. CCP Games planned to focus on the development of this game from March 2009 onward. It was scheduled to launch in 2012 at the earliest, but due to problems in EVE Online, several layoffs in 2011 and the planned release of the PlayStation 3 FPS game Dust 514 in the summer of 2013, the launch of the game was delayed indefinitely.[59] On 14 April 2014, CCP Games announced that the game had been cancelled.

#### Project Legion

Project Legion was set to be a first-person shooter for similar to Dust 514.[60] The project was cancelled in 2015 and was replaced with Project Nova.[61]

#### Eve: The Second Genesis

Main article: Software:Eve: The Second Genesis

#### Project Nova

Project Nova was a class-based FPS for the PC taking place in the EVE Online universe and was developed by CCP Games Shanghai.[61] Project Nova was created on Unreal Engine 4, and CCP Games intended to focus on the competitive FPS market, as well as focus more on small-scale ship-based combat and less on large-scale planet-based combat, which was the focus of Dust 514. While Project Nova was cancelled, The CCP London Studio announced in November 2022 that it had started development on an unnamed first-person shooter (now known as Vanguard).[62]

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Takahashi, Dean (6 September 2018). "Eve Online maker CCP Games sells to Black Desert Online's Pearl Abyss for $425 million". https://venturebeat.com/games/black-desert-online-creator-pearl-abyss-acquires-eve-online-maker-ccp-games-for-425-million/.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Garratt, Patrick (15 June 2007). "10 Years of CCP". https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/10-years-of-ccp-article?page=2.
3. ↑ Yin-Poole, Wesley (7 April 2017). "Eve Online dev CCP has an in-house band - and they're coming to Rock Band 4". https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2017-04-07-eve-online-dev-ccp-has-an-in-house-band-and-theyre-coming-to-rock-band-4.
4. ↑ "Meet the Eve Online creator who CCP left behind". Eurogamer.net. 22 June 2014. https://www.eurogamer.net/meet-thor-beck-the-eve-creator-who-ccp-left-behind.
5. ↑ Boyes, Emma (13 November 2006). "CCP and White Wolf merge". https://www.gamespot.com/articles/ccp-and-white-wolf-merge/1100-6161552/.
6. ↑ Lien, Tracey (24 February 2014). "Eve: The most thrilling boring game in the universe". https://www.polygon.com/features/2014/2/24/5419788/eve-online-thrilling-boring.
7. ↑ Stofnun og saga fyrirtækisins
8. ↑ "Gaming Industry Innovators CCP and White Wolf to Merge". 13 November 2006. http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/gaming-industry-innovators-ccp-and-white-wolf-to-merge.
9. ↑ "EVE Online Dev CCP to Merge with White Wolf (UPDATED)". 11 November 2006. http://www.shacknews.com/article/44640/eve-online-dev-ccp-to.
10. ↑ Carless, Simon (12 November 2006). "EVE Online Creator CCP Merges With White Wolf". https://www.gamedeveloper.com/pc/-i-eve-online-i-creator-ccp-merges-with-white-wolf.
11. ↑ "EVE Online dev merges with White Wolf". 13 November 2006. http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/eve-online-dev-merges-with-white-wolf.
12. ↑ "CCP and...White Wolf? Okay, I didn't see that one coming". 13 November 2006. https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2006/11/5938/.
13. ↑ "EVE Online Developer Expands, Opens Atlanta Studio". 3 October 2007. http://www.shacknews.com/article/49271/eve-online-developer-expands-opens.
14. ↑ Alexander, Leigh (3 October 2007). "CCP Opens North American Headquarters". https://www.gamedeveloper.com/pc/ccp-opens-north-american-headquarters.
15. ↑ "CCP president takes off to do startup in games and health". 27 February 2012. https://venturebeat.com/2012/02/27/ccp-president-takes-off-to-do-startup-in-games-and-health/.
16. ↑ "Former CCP exec aims to create a fitness MMO [Updated"]. 3 December 2012. https://www.engadget.com/2012-12-03-former-ccp-exec-aims-to-create-a-fitness-mmo.html.
17. ↑ "UtiliFit will encourage fitness through gamification". 26 October 2012. https://www.polygon.com/2012/10/26/3561122/utilifit-will-encourage-fitness-through-gamification.
18. ↑ Alexander, Leigh (24 February 2011). "CCP Gets New Georgia Office, 150 New U.S. Jobs". https://www.gamedeveloper.com/console/ccp-gets-new-georgia-office-150-new-u-s-jobs.
19. ↑ "CCP Games expanding US presence, hiring 150 additional staff". 24 February 2011. https://www.engadget.com/2011-02-24-ccp-games-expanding-us-presence-hiring-150-additional-staff.html.
20. ↑ "CCP Games' Georgia expansion". 24 February 2011. https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/ccp-games--georgia-expansion-eve-online-developer-opens-us-offices--creates-150-new-jobs.
21. ↑ IGN Staff (24 February 2011). "CCP Games Announces Georgia Expansion". http://www.ign.com/articles/2011/02/25/ccp-games-announces-georgia-expansion.
22. ↑ "CCP to reduce headcount by 20% to concentrate on EVE". 19 October 2011. http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2011-10-19-ccp-to-reduce-headcount-by-20-percent-to-concentrate-on-eve.
23. ↑ "CCP layoffs affect 20% of worldwide staff, company focusing on EVE". 19 October 2011. https://www.engadget.com/2011-10-19-ccp-layoffs-affect-20-of-worldwide-staff-company-focusing-on-e.html.
24. ↑ "CCP US boss Tinney quits for games-health startup". 27 February 2012. https://www.vg247.com/ccp-us-boss-tinney-quits-for-games-health-startup.
25. ↑ "North American president Tinney leaves CCP". 28 February 2012. http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2012-02-28-north-american-president-tinney-leaves-ccp.
26. ↑ Curtis, Tom (27 February 2012). "CCP president Mike Tinney steps down". https://www.gamedeveloper.com/business/ccp-president-mike-tinney-steps-down.
27. ↑ "Layoffs at CCP's Atlanta office confirmed: World of Darkness development affected". 11 December 2013. https://www.engadget.com/2013-12-11-layoffs-at-ccps-atlanta-office-confirmed-world-of-darkness-dev.html.
28. ↑ Nutt, Christian (11 December 2013). "CCP lays off 15 in Atlanta, but World of Darkness MMO continues dev". https://www.gamedeveloper.com/business/ccp-lays-off-15-in-atlanta-but-i-world-of-darkness-i-mmo-continues-dev.
29. ↑ "Paradox acquires White Wolf IP from CCP – deal includes World of Darkness assets". 29 October 2015. https://www.vg247.com/paradox-acquires-white-wolf-ip.
30. ↑ "Paradox buys White Wolf, World of Darkness, Vampire: The Masquerade from CCP". 29 October 2015. http://www.pcgamer.com/paradox-buys-white-wolf-world-of-darkness-vampire-the-masquerade-from-ccp/.
31. ↑ "Paradox Interactive acquires White Wolf from Eve Online developer CCP Games". 29 October 2015. https://www.polygon.com/2015/10/29/9638458/paradox-interactive-buys-white-wolf-ccp-vampire-the-masquerade-werewolf.
32. ↑ Wawro, Alex (29 October 2015). "Paradox pays cash to take White Wolf Publishing off CCP's hands". https://www.gamedeveloper.com/business/paradox-pays-cash-to-take-white-wolf-publishing-off-ccp-s-hands.
33. ↑ "Paradox Interactive buys White Wolf Publishing". 29 October 2015. http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2015-10-29-paradox-interactive-buys-white-wolf-publishing.
34. ↑ "Paradox acquires CCP's White Wolf Publishing". 29 October 2015. https://www.mcvuk.com/business-news/publishing/paradox-acquires-ccps-white-wolf-publishing/.
35. ↑ Zacny, Rob (19 October 2011). "Layoffs at "overstretched" CCP, World of Darkness team worst hit". PC Gamer. http://www.pcgamer.com/layoffs-at-overstretched-ccp-world-of-darkness-team-worst-hit. Retrieved 24 January 2017.
36. ↑ Grayson, Nathan (21 October 2011). "Interview: EVE Online's Kristoffer Touborg". PC Gamer. http://www.pcgamer.com/interview-eve-onlines-kristoffer-touborg/. Retrieved 24 January 2017.
37. ↑ Sinclair, Brendan (28 August 2014). "CCP closing San Francisco office". http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2014-08-28-ccp-closing-san-francisco-office.
38. ↑ "CCP shut down multiple offices as they move away from VR development" (in en-US). 2017-10-30. https://www.pcgamesn.com/eve-valkyrie/ccp-vr-development.
39. ↑ "CCP Newcastle studio absorbed into Sumo Digital". MCVUK. 2 January 2018. https://www.mcvuk.com/development-news/ccp-newcastle-studio-absorbed-into-sumo-digital/. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
40. ↑ Kerr, Chris (6 September 2018). "Pearl Abyss acquires EVE Online creator CCP Games for $425 million". Game Developer. https://www.gamedeveloper.com/business/pearl-abyss-acquires-i-eve-online-i-creator-ccp-games-for-425-million.
41. ↑ Goldfarb, Andrew (27 April 2013). "Dust 514 Release Date Announced". http://www.ign.com/articles/2013/04/27/dust-514-release-date-announced.
42. ↑ Phillips, Tom (3 February 2016). "Dust 514 will shut down in May". http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2016-02-03-dust-514-getting-shut-down-in-may.
43. ↑ Hayden, Scott (2022-08-02). "CCP is Finally Pulling the Plug on VR Pioneers 'EVE: Valkyrie' & 'Sparc'" (in en-US). https://www.roadtovr.com/ccp-eve-valkyrie-sparc-shutdown-date/.
44. ↑ Joyce, Kevin (21 April 2016). "EVE Gunjack Confirmed For PlayStation VR". https://www.vrfocus.com/2016/04/eve-gunjack-confirmed-for-playstation-vr/.
45. ↑ Lang, Ben (19 November 2015). "Review: 'Gunjack' Sets the Bar for Gear VR Turret Shooters". https://www.roadtovr.com/review-eve-gunjack-ccp-games-samsung-gear-vr-turret-shooter/.
46. ↑ Jamie, Feltham (20 March 2017). "Review: Gunjack". https://www.vrfocus.com/2015/12/review-gunjack/.
47. ↑ "Sparc is CCP's first non-Eve game". 27 February 2017. https://www.eurogamer.net/eve-online-devs-vr-sports-game-project-arena-becomes-sparc.
48. ↑ "EVE Online devs announce Tron-y futuresport Sparc". 27 February 2017. https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/sparc-announced-tron-disc-combat.
49. ↑ "A Brief History of Sparc, Out Tomorrow for PS VR". 28 August 2017. https://blog.playstation.com/2017/08/28/a-brief-history-of-sparc-out-tomorrow-for-ps-vr/.
50. ↑ "Sparc is the type of game that VR desperately needs more of". 11 April 2017. https://www.vg247.com/sparc-is-the-type-of-game-that-vr-desperately-needs-more-of.
51. ↑ "Relive 'Tron' disc battles when 'Sparc' launches first on PSVR". 13 June 2017. https://www.engadget.com/2017-06-13-sparc-for-playstation-vr.html.
52. ↑ "Sparc Review – A Fun Base In Need Of Layers". Game Informer. https://www.gameinformer.com/games/sparc/b/playstationvr/archive/2017/09/01/game-informer-playstation-vr-playstation-4-sparc-review.aspx. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
53. ↑ "CCP's Sparc is a smart Tron-like virtual sport". 18 April 2017. https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/sparc-virtual-sport.
54. ↑ "Getting sweaty in Sparc, a 'vsport' from the makers of EVE". PC Gamer. http://www.pcgamer.com/getting-sweaty-in-sparc-a-vsport-from-the-makers-of-eve/. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
55. ↑ "Sparc Now Out on PC With Cross Platform Play". 16 November 2017. https://hardcoregamer.com/videos/sparc-now-out-on-pc-with-cross-platform-play/279778/.
56. ↑ Stanton, Rich (22 September 2023). "Eve Vanguard is CCP's latest attempt at a shooter, but don't call it Dust 2". https://www.pcgamer.com/eve-vanguard-is-ccps-latest-attempt-at-a-shooter-but-dont-call-it-dust-2/.
57. ↑ "We just got a brand new Eve strategy game, but it's not what you'd expect" (in en-US). 2024-10-29. https://www.pcgamesn.com/eve-galaxy-conquest/out-now.
58. ↑ Hafer, Leana (2023-09-22). "EVE Galaxy Conquest Is a New Mobile 4X Strategy Game Set in the EVE Online Universe" (in en). https://www.ign.com/articles/eve-galaxy-conquest-is-a-new-mobile-4x-strategy-game-set-in-the-eve-online-universe.
59. ↑ Reahard, Jef (19 October 2011). "CCP layoffs affect 20% of worldwide staff, company focusing on EVE". https://www.engadget.com/2011-10-19-ccp-layoffs-affect-20-of-worldwide-staff-company-focusing-on-e.html.
60. ↑ Kuchera, Ben (2 May 2014). "Project Legion is a new PC shooter from the people behind EVE Online". https://www.polygon.com/2014/5/2/5674892/project-legion-PC-CCP.
61. ↑ 61.0 61.1 Hillier, Brenna (22 April 2016). "EVE Online's Project Legion replaced with Project Nova". https://www.vg247.com/eve-onlines-project-legion-replaced-with-project-nova.
62. ↑ Peel, Jeremy (13 May 2022). "CCP won't let two failed shooters get in the way of making the perfect Eve Online FPS". https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/ccp-wont-let-two-failed-shooters-get-in-the-way-of-making-the-perfect-eve-online-fps.

## External links

* Official website

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