Camerica

Short description: Canadian video game publisher

Industry| Video games

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Fate| Bankruptcy
Founded| April 13, 1987; 35 years ago (1987-04-13)[1]
Founder| David J. Harding
Defunct| 1993 (1993)[2][3]
Headquarters|

Ontario

Canada

Products| Game Genie,
Aladdin Deck Enhancer

Camerica was a Canadian video game company founded in 1988.[2] It released various unlicensed video games and accessories for the Nintendo Entertainment System, such as the Game Genie, and was the North American publisher for British developer Codemasters.[4]

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 Games
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## History

The company was owned and operated by David J. Harding and was originally formed in 1988 as a wholesale association with giftware such as Waterford Crystal and Blue Mountain Pottery.

The company entered the video game market, featuring Nintendo World Championship of 1990 winner Thor Aackerlund as the spokesperson,[5] considered one of the first professional gamers.[6] Camerica held the rights to publish most Nintendo Entertainment System games from Codemasters in North America.[7] Camerica also released the Codemasters-designed Game Genie in Canada and the United Kingdom .[8] They had a distribution deal with toy company Galoob.[9] The company created several early peripherals for the NES, including the Aladdin Deck Enhancer expansion peripheral and Supersonic: the Joystick a.k.a. Turbotronic, a wireless controller.[10]

Camerica was notable for being an unlicensed distributor, reverse engineering cartridges[11] that would bypass Nintendo's 10NES lock-out chip.[12] Like the circuit used in Color Dreams cartridges, Camerica's workaround generates glitch pulses that freeze the lock-out chip. These cartridges are shaped and colored slightly differently from Nintendo's official cartridges, though they still fit in the NES. All Camerica cartridges were originally produced gold-colored, and later silver.[13] They feature a switch for use with European NES consoles.

In Lewis Galoob Toys, Inc. v. Nintendo of America, Inc, Galoob, distributor of Camerica products in the United States, was ruled not an infringer of the Copyright Act because the Game Genie was not a derivative work and was protected by fair use.[14][15]

In Nintendo of America Inc. v. Camerica Corp (1991), it was held that it did not violate Nintendo's trademark for Camerica to advertise compatibility with the NES despite being an unlicensed distributor.[16]

Camerica declared bankruptcy and ceased operations in 1993. [17]

## Games

* Bee 52
* Big Nose Freaks Out
* Big Nose the Caveman
* Dizzy the Adventurer
* Fantastic Adventures of Dizzy
* FireHawk
* Linus Spacehead's Cosmic Crusade
* Micro Machines
* Mig 29 Soviet Fighter
* Quattro Adventure
* Quattro Arcade
* Quattro Sports
* Super Robin Hood
* Stunt Kids
* The Ultimate Stuntman

## See also

* List of Nintendo Entertainment System games

## References

1. ↑ "MRAS Business Registry Search". https://beta.canadasbusinessregistries.ca/search/results?search={camerica}&status=All.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Codemasters History: The NES' Best Unlicensed Developer" (in en). https://tedium.co/2018/06/15/codemasters-history-nes-nintendo/.
3. ↑ "Camerica (Company)". https://www.giantbomb.com/camerica/3010-1189/.
4. ↑ "'Darlings' of UK games honoured" (in en-GB). BBC News. 2008-06-13. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7452798.stm.
5. ↑ McGuire, Keegan (2020-12-15). "The Untold Truth Of The Nintendo World Championship" (in en-US). https://www.looper.com/296133/the-untold-truth-of-the-nintendo-world-championship/.
6. ↑ Life, Nintendo (2020-12-26). "How Nintendo And A Band Of Teenage High Score Obsessives Created The Idea Of The Pro Gamer" (in en-GB). https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2020/12/feature_how_nintendo_and_a_band_of_teenage_high_score_obsessives_created_the_idea_of_the_pro_gamer.
7. ↑ Jesudason, David. "How two twins and an egg took on Nintendo's Super Mario" (in en). https://www.inverse.com/gaming/nintendo-nes-dizzy-codemasters-british-mario.
8. ↑ Life, Nintendo (2021-12-26). "The Story Of The Game Genie, The Cheat Device Nintendo Tried (And Failed) To Kill" (in en-GB). https://www.nintendolife.com/features/the-story-of-the-game-genie-the-cheat-device-nintendo-tried-and-failed-to-kill.
9. ↑ Fachon, Marine (2021-12-27). "L'histoire du Game Genie, le dispositif de triche que Nintendo a essayé (et échoué) à tuer. - Miroir Mag" (in fr-FR). https://www.miroir-mag.fr/pop-culture/lhistoire-du-game-genie-le-dispositif-de-triche-que-nintendo-a-essaye-et-echoue-a-tuer/.
10. ↑ "Supersonic The Joystick". NintendoAge. n.d.. http://nintendoage.com/index.cfm?FuseAction=Element.View&egID=9378&lgID=9378. Retrieved 2009-03-31.
11. ↑ "That Time Atari Cracked The Nintendo Entertainment System" (in en-US). 2018-10-22. https://hackaday.com/2018/10/22/that-time-atari-cracked-the-nintendo-entertainment-system/.
12. ↑ "Super 3-D Noah's Ark lets you break animal faces with coconuts" (in en-CA). 2021-07-10. https://www.destructoid.com/kusoge-super-3-d-noahs-ark/.
13. ↑ Life, Nintendo (2017-05-01). "The Making Of Micro Machines, The Best Racer On The NES" (in en-GB). https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2017/05/feature_the_making_of_micro_machines_the_best_racer_on_the_nes.
14. ↑ "Lewis Galoob Toys, Inc., Plaintiff-appellee, v. Nintendo of America, Inc., Defendant-appellant.nintendo of America, Inc., Plaintiff-appellant, v. Lewis Galoob Toys, Inc., Defendant-appellee, 964 F.2d 965 (9th Cir. 1992)" (in en). https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/964/965/341457/.
15. ↑ "Lewis Galoob Toys, Inc. v. Nintendo of Am., Inc. | Case Brief for Law School | LexisNexis" (in en). https://www.lexisnexis.com/community/casebrief/p/casebrief-lewis-galoob-toys-inc-v-nintendo-of-am-inc.
16. ↑ "Claiming compatibility: a guide for advertising and product packaging" (in en). 2014-01-28. https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=9bc7ed25-97fe-41fc-9368-8c34ebcb1eab.
17. ↑ "The Game Genie was originally meant to do much more than help you beat Battletoads" (in en-us). 2018-06-18. https://www.avclub.com/the-game-genie-was-originally-meant-to-do-much-more-tha-1826920506.

## External links

* The Warp Zone - Camerica, Codemasters, and Acemore

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