Equinor

Equinor ASA

Formerly| Statoil (until 15 May 2018 (2018-05-15))
Type| Public

Traded as

* Short description: Stock exchange located in Oslo, Norway

[ ⚑ ]  59°54′31.31″N 10°44′52.06″E﻿ / ﻿59.9086972°N 10.7477944°E﻿ / 59.9086972; 10.7477944

Oslo Stock Exchange|

Type| Stock exchange
Location| Oslo, Norway
Coordinates|  [ ⚑ ] 59°54′31.31″N 10°44′52.06″E﻿ / ﻿59.9086972°N 10.7477944°E﻿ / 59.9086972; 10.7477944
Founded| 1819
Owner| Euronext
Key people| Håvard S. Abrahamsen (CEO)
No. of listings| 220 (May 2017) [1]
Market cap| NOK 4 644 billion (June 2017) [1]
Volume| NOK 4.6 billion (2017)
Indices| OBX, OSEAX
Website| https://www.oslobors.no

Oslo Stock Exchange (Norwegian: Oslo Børs) (OSE: OSLO) is a stock exchange within the Nordic countries and offers Norway’s only regulated markets for securities trading today. The stock exchange offers a full product range including equities, derivatives and fixed income instruments.

The Euronext consortium of European stock exchanges controls Oslo Stock Exchange as of June 2019.[2]

## Contents

* 1 Market
* 2 Oslo Access
* 2.1 General
* 2.2 Licensing
* 3 See also
* 4 Shares
* 5 Indices
* 6 History
* 7 Building
* 8 See also
* 9 References
* 10 External links
* 11 History
* 11.1 Old Statoil
* 11.2 Hydro
* 11.3 Merger
* 11.4 Investments and developments after 2009
* 11.5 Rebranding to Equinor
* 12 Operations
* 12.1 Oil and gas exploration and production
* 12.2 Pipeline operations
* 12.3 Solar
* 12.4 Wind energy
* 12.5 Petrol stations
* 13 Finances
* 14 Human rights
* 15 Involvement with Norwegian government
* 15.1 Interactions with the Norwegian government
* 15.2 State-owned corporate structural changes and impacts
* 15.3 Energy transition
* 16 Controversies
* 16.1 Mongstad scandal
* 16.2 Corrib gas project
* 16.3 Iran corruption lawsuit
* 16.4 North Sea oil projects
* 16.5 Charges of unethical practices in Athabasca
* 16.6 Arctic
* 16.7 Great Australian Bight
* 16.8 Losses in the United States
* 16.9 Censorship of the Science Museum
* 17 Corporate structure
* 17.1 Board of directors
* 17.2 Lobbying
* 18 Environmental record
* 19 Sponsorship
* 20 References
* 21 External links

## Market

Oslo Børs is today an online market place where all trading is done through computer networks. Trading starts at 09:00am and ends at 04:30pm local time (CET) on all days of the week except weekends and holidays declared by Oslo Børs in advance.

There are three markets for listing and trading on the stock exchange: Oslo Børs is the largest market place for listing and trading in equities, equity certificates, ETPs (exchange traded funds and notes), derivatives and fixed income products. Established in 1819, first as a commodity exchange. Equities and bonds listed and traded from 1881.

Oslo Axess was established in May 2007 as an alternative to Oslo Børs for listing and trading in shares.

Nordic ABM was established in June 2005 as an alternative bond market.

Merkur Market is a multilateral trading facility and was established in January 2016. The market place is not subject to the Stock Exchange Act or the Stock Exchange Regulations. Merkur Market is best suited for smaller and medium-sized companies or large companies that do not satisfy the admission requirements or do not wish to be fully listed on a regulated market.[3]

## Oslo Access

Oslo Axess is a regulated and licensed market under the auspices of the Oslo Stock Exchange. The purpose is to promote growth among smaller companies, and give them the benefits achieved by having shares traded on a regulated market.

### General

Oslo Axess is intended for companies seeking listing on a regulated market, but that does not meet the requirements for listing on the Oslo Stock Exchange. Investors get protection and a seal of approval by the Oslo Axess, but this will however not be as comprehensive as for companies on the stock exchange. The main target group are small and medium-sized companies, including pre-commercial companies. Oslo Axess provides, like the regular stock exchange, access to capital, awareness, growth and liquidity for all listed companies. It will serve as a springboard for companies with ambitions to be listed on the stock exchange in the future. {{Citation needed|date=November 2011} ices for trade as the Oslo Stock Exchange.

### Licensing

Oslo Axess has a license from the Ministry of Finance to act as a regulated marketplace for trading in Norway . Basically, the same laws as the Oslo Stock Exchange. The first working day of the Oslo Axess was 2 May 2007.

## See also

* List of companies listed on Oslo Axess
* Oslo Stock Exchange

## Shares

Norwegian public limited companies and equivalent foreign companies can apply for their shares to be listed on Oslo Børs or Oslo Axess. It is up to the company itself to apply to be admitted to trading, but the company must meet the applicable requirements, which include the number of owners (range), number of shares, market value and history. To be listed the exchange includes strict requirements on the treatment of confidential information. Companies that meet the requirements for listing can much easier get access to capital through share issues. Many investors only invest in securities listed on a stock exchange, because those papers are easier to sell.

## Indices

OBX – The index comprises the 25 most traded shares listed on Oslo Børs. The OBX index is tradable, meaning that you can buy and sell listed futures and options on the index. Put another way, you can get the same exposure by purchasing an index product as if you buy all the shares (weighted) included in the index. The rating is based on a six-month trading period. The index is adjusted every third Friday in June and December. OSEBX – The Oslo Børs Benchmark Index (Norwegian: Hovedindeks) is an investable index containing a representative selection of all listed shares on Oslo Børs. The OSEBX is revised on a half year basis and the changes are implemented on December 1 and June 1. OSEFX – The Oslo Børs Mutual Fund Index (Norwegian: Fondsindeks) has the same constituents as OSEBX but applies a weight capping to comply with UCITS.

## History

Oslo Børs was established by a law of September 18, 1818. Trading on Oslo Børs commenced on April 15, 1819. In 1881, Oslo Børs became a stock exchange, which means securities were listed. The first listing of securities contained 16 bond series and 23 stocks, including the Norwegian central bank (Norges Bank). Oslo Børs cooperates with London Stock Exchange on trading systems. The exchange has also a partnership with the stock exchanges in Singapore and Toronto (Canada) for a secondary listing of companies. The stock exchange was privatized in 2001, and is, after the merger in 2007, 100% owned by Oslo Børs VPS Holding ASA.

## Building

Oslo Børs Building 2014

The over 190-year-old stock exchange building has been the subject of many long debates about how the building should be managed and designed over the years. Several of Christiania's (the name of Oslo between 1624 and 1925) best known business men fought for years to get approved and funded the construction of a stock exchange in Christiania, the capital of Norway from 1814.

In 1823, a building committee was appointed to consider the various suggested drawings at the time. The committee chose the architect Christian H. Grosch's proposal. On July 14, 1826, the Ministry approved the final plans of drawings and budgets. In 1828, it was called Norway's first monumental building, completed on the site called Grønningen, the first public park in Christiania.

## See also

* List of companies listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange
* List of companies delisted from Oslo Stock Exchange
* List of stock exchanges
* Oslo Børs Holding

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Facts and Figures May 2017". Oslo Børs. https://www.oslobors.no/ob_eng/Oslo-Boers/Statistics/Facts-and-figures/2017-Facts-and-figures-May-2017.
2. ↑ https://www.osloborsvps.no/obvps_eng/Oslo-Boers-VPS/The-share/Top-20-Shareholders
3. ↑ "Oslo Børs - Most traded stocks". https://www.oslobors.no/ob_eng/Oslo-Boers/About-Oslo-Boers/News-from-Oslo-Boers/Unique-bell-ceremony-to-open-Merkur-Market.

## External links

* Official website

Template:OBXList Template:Norway topics

* v
* t
* e

World Federation of Exchanges

Members|

* Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange
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Associates|

* Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation
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Affiliates|

* Beirut Stock Exchange
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Correspondents|

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* NYSE: EQNR

Industry| Petroleum industry
Founded| 14 June 1972; 53 years ago (1972-06-14)
Headquarters| Stavanger, Norway

Key people

| Jon Erik Reinhardsen (chair)
Anders Opedal (CEO)[1]
Products|

* Petroleum
* Natural gas
* Petrochemicals
* Electrical power

Revenue|  US$102.5 billion (2024)[2]

Operating income

|  US$30.93 billion (2024)[2]

Net income

|  US$8.806 billion (2024)[2]
Total assets|  US$131.1 billion (2024)[2]
Total equity|  US$42.34 billion (2024)[2]
Owner|

* Government of Norway (67%)

Number of employees

| 25,155 (2024)[2]
Website| equinor.com

Equinor ASA (formerly Statoil and StatoilHydro) is a Norwegian multinational energy company headquartered in Stavanger, Norway. It is primarily a petroleum company operating in 36 countries with additional investments in renewable energy and lithium mining.[3] In the 2020 Forbes Global 2000, Equinor was ranked as the 169th-largest public company in the world.[4] In 2023, the company was ranked 52nd in the same list.[5] As of 2021,[update] the company has 21,126 employees.[6]

The current company was formed by the 2007 merger of Statoil with the oil and gas division of Norsk Hydro.[7] As of 2017, the Government of Norway is the largest shareholder with 67% of the shares, while the rest is public stock. The ownership interest is managed by the Norwegian Ministry of Petroleum and Energy.[8] The company is headquartered and led from Stavanger, while most of their international operations are currently led from Fornebu, outside Oslo.

The name Equinor was adopted in 2018 and is formed by combining equi, the root for words such as equity, equality, and equilibrium, and nor, indicating that the company is of Norwegian origin.[9] The Norwegian meaning of the former name Statoil is 'state oil', indicating that the oil company is state-owned.[10][11]

Former Statoil logo from 1972 to 2007

## History

The heritage of Equinor derives from three major Norwegian petroleum companies Statoil, Norsk Hydro, and Saga Petroleum (the latter two merged in 1999).

### Old Statoil

Den Norske Stats Oljeselskap A/S was founded as a limited company owned by the Government of Norway on 14 July 1972 by a unanimous act passed by the Norwegian parliament Stortinget. The political motivation was Norwegian participation in the oil industry on the continental shelf and to build up Norwegian competency within the petroleum industry to establish the foundations of a domestic petroleum industry. Statoil was required to discuss important issues with the Minister of Industry, later Minister of Petroleum and Energy. Statoil was also required to submit an annual report to the parliament.

In 1973, the company started work acquiring a presence in the petrochemical industry. This resulted in the development of processing plants in Rafnes and, in partnership with Norsk Hydro, the Mongstad plant in 1980. In 1981, the company acquired, as the first Norwegian company, operator rights on the Norwegian continental shelf on the Gullfaks field. 1987–88 saw the largest scandal in the company's history, the Mongstad scandal that made the until then unassailable CEO Arve Johnsen withdraw.

In the 1980s, Statoil decided to become a fully integrated petroleum company and started building the Statoil fuel station brand. The stations in Norway originated as Norol stations, while the stations in Denmark and Sweden were purchased from Esso in 1985, and the stations in Ireland were purchased from BP in 1992 and ConocoPhillips Jet in the mid 1990s, then sold by Statoil to Topaz Energy in 2006. Statoil also built up a network of stations in part of Eastern Europe in the 1990s.

In 1991, the company was the target of a months-long protest and civil disobedience, mainly from Natur og Ungdom and Friends of the Earth Norway. The protesters opposed the building of a new research and development centre at Rotvoll, in Trondheim, Norway, a wetlands area close to the city with significant bird life.[12] However, the R&D center was still built.[13]

The company was privatised and made a public limited company (allmennaksjeselskap) in 2001, becoming listed on both the Oslo Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange. At the same time, it changed its name to Statoil ASA. The government retained 81.7% of the shares. Through further privatization in 2004 and 2005, the government's share was reduced to 70.9%.[14]

The Statoil/Horton case refers to the company's use of bribes in Iran in 2002–2003 in an attempt to secure lucrative oil contracts in that country. This was mainly achieved by hiring the services of Horton Investments, an Iranian consultancy firm owned by Mehdi Hashemi Rafsanjani, son of former Iranian President Hashemi Rafsanjani. Horton Investments was paid US$15.2 million by Statoil to influence important political figures in Iran to grant oil contracts to Statoil. The corruption scandal was uncovered by the Norwegian paper Dagens Næringsliv on September 3, 2003. In 2006, the company accepted a $10.5 million fine for violating the U.S Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.[15]

In September 2007, Statoil and the Brazilian oil company Petrobras signed a deal aimed at expanding exploration, sub-sea, and biofuels cooperation. Under the agreement, Statoil became a partner on six offshore licenses, as well as expanding biofuels production. Petrobras and Statoil announced plans to create dozens of refineries in Brazil and the rest of the world where vegetable oil will be added to crude to create a no-sulphur fuel. On 4 March 2008, Statoil bought Anadarko Petroleum's 50% share of the Peregrino oil field for $1.8 billion.[16]

In 2007, Statoil bought a large area in the Athabasca oil sand field in Canada after purchasing North American Oil Sands Corporation for $2.2 billion. (In 2012, Statoil had 4 oil sand licences (oljesandlisensene ) as part of the Kai Kos Deh Seh project: Leismer, Corner, Hangingstone, and Thornberry).[17]

In 2009, Statoil launched the world's first operational deep-water floating large-capacity wind turbine, Hywind.[18] The 120 metres (390 ft) tall tower with a 2.3 MW turbine was towed 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) offshore into the Amoy Fjord in 220 metres (720 ft) deep water, off of Stavanger, Norway on 9 June 2009 for a two-year test run.[19]

### Hydro

### Merger

The logo of StatoilHydro The New York Stock Exchange on 20 June 2011, on the 10th anniversary of when Statoil's shares were listed

A merger proposal was announced in December 2006.[20] Under the rules of the EEA, the merger was approved by the European Union on 3 May 2007[21] and by the Norwegian Parliament on 8 June 2007.[22] Statoil's shareholders hold 67.3% of the new company, with Norsk Hydro shareholders owning the remaining 32.7%.[21] The Norwegian Government, the biggest shareholder in both Statoil and Norsk Hydro, holds 67% of the company.[23] Jens Stoltenberg, the then Norwegian Prime Minister, commented that he viewed the merger as "the start of a new era...creating a global energy company and strengthening Norway's oil and gas industry."[24]

It has been noted within the analyst community that a proposal will create an entity with much more competitive strength versus its much larger European rivals, including BP, Total, and Shell, while also increasing the ability of the company to make strategic acquisitions, particularly in the Gulf of Mexico.[25] It is the ninth largest oil company in the world, and would be the 48th largest company in the world on the current Fortune Global 500 list with a revenue of NOK 480 billion.[26]

The company's management team was initially to be led by President and CEO Helge Lund (who previously held the same posts at Statoil), with Eivind Reiten, the President and CEO of Hydro, acting as Chairman.[20] However, Reiten decided to resign as chairman three days after the merger because of a possible corruption case in Hydro's former oil division. The vice-chair and former Minister of Petroleum and Energy Marit Arnstad was chairperson until 1 April 2008, when Svein Rennemo took up the post on a permanent basis after resigning as the CEO of the Norwegian oil services company Petroleum Geo-Services (PGS).

To reflect a merger of the two companies and with regards of the minor partner, Hydro, it was decided that the joint company should be given a new name. An actual new name was not decided upon at the time of the merger, and StatoilHydro was created for temporary usage only. The firm announced its intention to revert to the name Statoil ASA, and this was approved by the Annual General Meeting in May 2009.[27] The name was changed on 2 November 2009[28]

The Norwegian state's share of the company after the merger was initially 62.5%. As a parliamentary decision in 2001 said it was a goal that the government should own 67% of Statoil, it was announced that the Norwegian government intended to increase its share. In 2009, it was announced that the Norwegian government had reached its goal of obtaining 67% of Statoil's share.[14]

### Investments and developments after 2009

In 2010, Statoil separated its downstream business into a separate listed company Statoil Fuel & Retail.[29][30] In 2012 Alimentation Couche-Tard bought Statoil Fuel & Retail for $2.8 billion.[31]

On 24 May 2010, Statoil sold a 40% stake in the Peregrino field to Sinochem, the Chinese state-controlled oil company, for a cash sum of $3.07 billion, but retained 60% and the operatorship.[32]

On 7 April 2010, Statoil announced finding oil and gas reserves in the Fossekall prospect just north of the Norne oil field in the Norwegian Sea. The proved recoverable oil resources were provisionally estimated at between 37 and 63 million barrels (5,900,000 and 10,000,000 m3), while the volume of associated and free gas was estimated at between 1 and 3 billion standard cubic metres.[33]

In early June 2011, Statoil ASA has divested 24.1% shares in Gassled joint venture for NOK 17.35 billion ($3.25 billion) to Solveig Gas Norway AS and still has 5% shares in the partnership.[34] In 2016 Statoil sold the Leismer oil sand operation in Canada to Athabasca Oil.[35]

In 2011–2012, Statoil announced a new discovery in the North Sea of 0.5 to 1.2 billion barrels (79 to 191 million cubic metres), a large new find at its Aldous Major South prospect on the Norwegian continental shelf with recoverable oil between 0.9 to 1.5 billion barrels (140 to 240 million cubic metres), a large new find at the Skrugard prospect in the northern Norwegian Sea (Barents Sea in Statoil terminology) north of the Snøhvit field off Hammerfest, and a find in the Havis Prospect of the Barents Sea of 200 to 3,000 million barrels (32 to 477 million cubic metres) of oil.[36][37][38]

In 2011, Statoil bought Brigham Exploration for $4.4 billion to gain access to its oil shale operations in North Dakota's Bakken formation.[39] In 2012, Statoil sent 45,000 barrels of oil per day by railroad cars from North Dakota.[40][41]

In November 2011, a Statoil consultant and two others were tried for having received 7 million Norwegian kroner, in exchange for contracts and payments totaling "several tenfold" of millions of Norwegian kroner.[42]

In June 2013, Statoil announced a funded joint venture with Petrofrontier Corp. in Australia. Petrofrontier's Georgina Basin shale oil and gas bearing structures consistent with other producing areas in Australia and North America.[43]

In 2016, Statoil licensed 66% of the Carcará field in the Santos basin from Petrobras for $2.5 billion.[44]

In October 2014, Statoil sold its 15.5% stake in the Shah Deniz gas field in Azerbaijan to Petronas for a fee of $2.25 billion.[45]

Since 1 October 2014, Statoil also supplies natural gas to Ukraine's Naftogaz.[46][47]

In 2016, Statoil acquired a $3 million share of a US wind turbine leasing company.[48] Statoil expects oil demand to peak in the 2020s, and continually decline thereafter due to electric transportation.[49]

Despite finding no oil at its large exploration prospect in the Arctic in 2017, Statoil announced in October 2017 that the company would not give up exploring the Arctic.[50]

In October 2017, Statoil commissioned the 30-MW Hywind Scotland floating wind farm 29 kilometres (18 mi) off Peterhead, Scotland.[51][52][53] Equinor was contracted to build a wind tower assembly farm in New York City that same year.[54]

In March 2018, Statoil acquired a 50% stake in the Polish Bałtyk Środkowy III and Bałtyk Środkowy II (Middle Baltic II/III) offshore wind farms.[55]

In February 2024, Equinor and Deepak Fertilizers and Petrochemicals Corporation limited (DFPCL) entered into a 15-year agreement to supply natural gas liquids annually from 2026. The annual supply will be up to 0.65 million tons of gas.[56]

### Rebranding to Equinor

Equinor office building in Fornebu, Oslo (2012)

On 15 March 2018, Statoil announced that it would change its name to Equinor following approval by the annual general meeting.[57][58]

Between 2007 and 2019, the company reported massive losses,[59] including over USD $21.5 billion lost from its US-based assets.[60] In 2019, the company sold its assets in Eagle Ford, Texas to Repsol for $325 million.[61]

In August 2020, Equinor appointed Anders Opedal as its new CEO.[62] That year, the company announced that it would be decreasing employee numbers by 20% and contractor numbers by half in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom, in response to falling oil prices.[63]

In January 2021, Equinor acquired a contract to provide off-shore wind power to the city of New York in partnership with BP.[64][65] The contract with New York State was reportedly the largest offshore wind deal offered by an American state to date.[66]

In February 2021, Equinor completed the sale of its shale assets in the Bakken formation of North Dakota to Grayson Mill Energy for $900 million.[67][60] That month, a spokesperson for the company stated that Equinor was considering further sales of energy assets in the US, in the aftermath of the global oil price war.[68]

In May 2021, Equinor and Italian energy company Eni announced that they were partnering on developing floating wind farms in the North Sea under a contract with the Norwegian government.[69]

Equinor partnered with Norwegian renewable energy company Vårgrønn in 2021 to acquire wind acreage in the Utsira Nord region of the North Sea.[70]

## Operations

### Oil and gas exploration and production

Statoil is operator of Statfjord in the Norwegian North Sea

Equinor is the largest operator on the Norwegian continental shelf, with 60% of the total production. The fields operated are Brage, Heimdal, Grane, Glitne, Gullfaks, Heidrun, Huldra, Kristin, Kvitebjørn, Mikkel, Njord, Norne, Ormen Lange, Oseberg, Sleipner, Snorre, Snøhvit, Statfjord, Sygna, Tordis, Troll, Veslefrikk, Vigdis, Visund, Volve, and Åsgard. The company also has processing plants at Kolsnes, Kårstø, Mongstad, Tjeldbergodden, and Melkøya.

Equinor is a partner in Brazil's offshore Peregrino oil field, which came on-stream in 2011. Equinor holds a 15.625% interest in the Deep Blue well on Green Canyon 723 in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico.[71]

Equinor has a long history of attempting to get involved in the Russian petroleum sector. Many partnerships have been entered, but the company has never had a major success in Russia. It partnered with Gazprom and Total on the Shtokman project in the Barents Sea,[72] but this was shelved due to high costs and low gas prices. It then shifted from partnership with Gazprom to Rosneft, and in the two companies, have drilled for oil in several areas of Russia, again without any major finds.[73] After the introduction of international sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War against Russia,[74] Equinor has kept a much lower public profile on its Russian activities while continuing largely as before. Equinor left Russia in September 2022 after striking a deal with Rosneft, selling its Russian assets and transferring future liabilities and investment commitments for one euro.[75]

The Norwegian economics professor Karl Ove Moene has, in the Norwegian business daily Dagens Næringsliv, raised the question of Equinor and resource curse. Much economic research show that, while natural resources are positive for nations with sound political structures, such as Norway, they are negative for nations with unsound political structures, and will, despite the riches, result in a lower economic growth. Besides his own research, Moene also points to similar results from Paul Collier.[76][77][78]

In July 2025, Equinor discovered natural gas in the Barents sea, near the Johan Casterberg field.[79][80] At the end of August 2025, Equinor found oil and gas in two reservoirs in the Fram area of the North Sea.[81] One discovery was of oil and gas, the other one just gas.[82][83]

### Pipeline operations

Equinor is involved in a number of pipelines, including Zeepipe, Statpipe, Europipe I and Europipe II, and Franpipe from the Norwegian continental shelf to Western Europe in addition to the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline in Caucasus. The pipelines from Norway are organized through Gassled. In the North Sea, Equinor operates the Oseberg Transport System, Kvitebjørn oil pipeline, Heidrun gas pipeline, Sleipner East pipeline and Vestprosess pipeline.

The company has trading offices for crude oil, refined petroleum products, and natural gas liquids in London, Stamford, Connecticut, and Singapore.

### Solar

Equinor has stakes in solar power projects in Latin America and Northwestern Europe.[84]

In Brazil, Equinor has a 43.5% stake in the Apodi Solar plant in Ceará and a 30% stake in the Mendubim complex of solar plants in the Rio Grande do Norte. In Bahia, another solar plant is expected to be completed by the end of 2025 and will be fully owned by Equinor.

In Poland, Equinor owns three solar plants producing about 171MW. Another 20MW solar plant is current under construction as of October 2025.

In Denmark, Equinor owns a 65MW solar plant in Jutland.

In Sweden, Equinor owns a 95MW solar plant in Alvesta.

### Wind energy

Equinor owns and operates the 30-MW Hywind Scotland floating wind farm 29 kilometres (18 mi) off Peterhead, Scotland.[51][52][53] Equinor owns 50% stake in the Polish 1,200-MW Bałtyk Środkowy III and Bałtyk Środkowy II offshore wind farms.[55] It also owns 25% stake in the 385-MW Arkona wind farm offshore Germany.[85] Equinor operates the Sheringham Shoal Offshore Wind Farm with 40% stake in the project and has 50% stake in each Creyke Beck A and B and Teesside A wind farms of the Dogger Bank Wind Farm development in the United Kingdom.[86]

In February 2025, Equinor announced that they would cut investments in renewables to $5bn over the next two years, down from about $10bn.[87]

In August 2025, Equinor and SSE finalized a seabed lease with the Crown Estate to progress the Dogger Bank D offshore wind project.[88]

### Petrol stations

The company operated fuel stations under the main brand Statoil, fully automated stations under 1-2-3 and some of the stations under Ingo brand in Denmark and Sweden. In September 2007 Statoil acquired all Nordic Jet stations and continued to use the brand name until 2014 when the Nordic stations were rebranded to the new brand name Ingo.[89] After the acquisition of Norsk Hydro in 2007 also operated 118 Hydro and Uno-X fuel station networks in Sweden until were sold together with 40 Jet stations in Norway in 2009 to Finnish company St1.[90]

In 2010, the downstream operations were separated into new listed company Statoil Fuel & Retail.[91] In total Statoil had about 2,300 fuel station services in Denmark, Estonia, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Russia, and Sweden, as well as significant lubricants and aviation fuel operations.[92]

In 2012 Canadian company Alimentation Couche-Tard agreed to buy the company for $2.8 billion.[93] In 2016, Couche-Tard decided to rebrand all fuel stations into the Circle K brand.[94]

## Finances

For the fiscal year 2018, Equinor reported earnings of US$7.535 billion, with an annual revenue of US$79.593 billion, an increase of 30.1% over the previous fiscal cycle. Equinor's shares traded at over $18 per share, and its market capitalization was valued at over US$55.5 billion in October 2018.[95] In the fourth quarter of 2021, Equinor had a profit of $15 billion.[96]

Year  | Revenue
in million US$  | Net income
in million US$  | Total Assets
in mil. US$  | Price per Share
in US$  | Employees

|
|
|
|
|

2005  | 60,690  | 4,775  | 44,907  | 9.23  |
2006  | 66,155  | 6,344  | 49,276  | 10.97  |
2007  | 89,399  | 7,643  | 82,727  | 13.34  |
2008  | 117,291  | 7,784  | 104,058  | 7.53  |
2009  | 73,967  | 2,834  | 90,054  | 11.80  |
2010  | 87,330  | 6,242  | 106,611  | 11.70  | 30,400
2011  | 119,766  | 14,079  | 137,350  | 13.10  | 31,715
2012  | 124,425  | 11,851  | 134,917  | 13.29  | 23,028
2013  | 108,613  | 6,799  | 150,906  | 13.30  | 23,413
2014  | 99,264  | 3,871  | 132,702  | 10.16  | 22,516
2015  | 59,642  | −5,192  | 109,742  | 8.36  | 21,581
2016  | 45,873  | −2,922  | 104,530  | 11.39  | 20,539
2017  | 61,187  | 4,590  | 111,100  | 14.06  | 20,245
2018  | 79,593  | 7,535  | 112,508  | 14.06  | 20,525
2019  | 64,357  | 1,843  | 118,063  | 13.89  | 21,212
2020  | 45,818  | −5,510  | 124,809  | 12.01  | 21,245
2021  | 90,924  | 1,843  | 147,120  | 19.78  | 21,936
2022  | 150,806  | 28,746  | 158,021  | 28.10  | 21,936
2023  | 107,174  | 11,885  | 143,580  | 27.13  | 23,000
2024  | 103,774  | 8,806  | 131,141  | 22.68  | 24,641

## Human rights

In 2016, Equinor (then Statoil) was ranked as the 5th best of 92 oil, gas, and mining companies on indigenous rights in the Arctic.[97]

## Involvement with Norwegian government

The Norwegian government owns a 67% share in Equinor, giving the Norwegian government majority control of the company.[98] Given the Norwegian government's ability to manage Equinor, as well as Equnior generating money for the Norwegian government and providing energy to Norwegian citizens, Equinor plays a major role in the politics of Norway.

### Interactions with the Norwegian government

Equnior generated a total of NOK 1,029.6 billion ($91.83 billion USD) in 2023 and NOK 701 billion ($62.52 billion USD) in 2024 for the Norwegian government, with the Norwegian government predicting that Equinor will generate NOK 643 billion ($57.35 billion USD) in 2025. Most of the generated money comes from taxes, with the Norwegian government charging a special tax on petroleum deposits, equating to a 78% combined marginal tax rate on Equinor's oil operations.[99] The Norwegian government's ownership of Equinor is part of a larger strategy of state ownership in certain industrial sectors, namely those involving natural resources.[100] Revenue generated from Equinor is placed in the Government Pension Fund Global (GPFG), which has become the world's largest single sovereign wealth fund in terms of total assets under management.[101][102]

### State-owned corporate structural changes and impacts

Yale researchers have noted that decisions by the Norwegian Government tend to be more focused on long-term sustainability, while public shareholders make decisions more focused on immediate economic gains; since the Norwegian Government has a majority share, this has generally resulted in Equinor's corporate policies and actions favoring long-term sustainability.[103] The Norwegian Royal Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries is the Ministry in charge of the Norwegian Government's shares in Equinor, who have declared that their goal with Equinor is to achieve "the highest possible return over time in a sustainable manner."[104] Economists credit this long-term planning from the Norwegian Government with enabling Equinor to more easily transition to renewable energy than oil companies with private shareholders interested in short-term profit.[105]

Major public interest, as well as policy by the Norwegian government, have caused Equinor to operate with a high degree of transparence. Specifically, the government of Norway has transparency as one of their "10 principles for good corporate governance" policy, published in 2002.[106] This transparency helped amplify the impacts of a scandal in 2014, when Equinor's losses in North American investments were quickly exposed, including a 16-page report by the Norwegian newspaper Dagens Næringsliv.[103]

Equinor has also come under public scrutiny for causing greenhouse gas emissions. Protests in 2014, namely at the University of Bergen, pressured Equinor (then called Statoil) to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions.[107] Within Norway, groups such as Equinor Out have been placing pressure on Equinor to reduce its use of oil and natural gas, with Equinor Out's stated objective being to have Equinor "end all exploration and development of new oil and gas, and fully transition to renewable energy."[108] Equinor and the Norwegian Government have also come under pressure from other investors in Equinor to reduce Equinor's greenhouse gas emissions, and as a result, Equinor has begun to move towards renewable energy.[109][110]

### Energy transition

A chart showing the Norwegian government's income from petroleum by NOK million, further divided by the source of the income. Note the sudden rise in 2022. Data from Statistics Norway.[111]

In 2007, Equinor's bylaws were changed, allowing the company to pursue business in “other forms of energy” apart from oil and natural gas.[112] This was followed by Equinor's rebranding from Statoil to Equinor in 2018, to reflect this focus on renewable energy, and in 2020, Equinor published a plan for reaching carbon neutrality by 2050.[113] However, Equinor's profits from oil significantly increased in 2022, which economists credit to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and the resulting ban on Russian natural gas in the EU.[114] Equinor's income decreased in 2023, and this is partially seen as being a result of investments in renewable energy; however, Norwegian Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Stoere spoke in support of Equinor continuing to move towards renewable energy despite the lower income.[110]

## Controversies

### Mongstad scandal

In November 1987, several members of the board offered their resignation over approximately $780 million worth of cost overruns at the Mongstad refinery.[115] It was seen as a big scandal in the Norwegian press.[115]

### Corrib gas project

Equinor was a partner of Royal Dutch Shell in the Corrib gas project, which had been developing a natural gas field off the northwest coast of County Mayo, Ireland. Citizens protested the project on the grounds that they had been insufficiently consulted and that the pipeline posed a danger.[116] In the summer of 2005, five men from Rossport were jailed for contempt of court after refusing to obey a temporary court injunction which forbade interfering with the project.[117] The ensuing protests led to the Shell to Sea campaign which opposed the project. In November 2021, Equinor exited the project after selling its 36.5% stake to Vermilion Energy for $434 million (€382 million).[118]

### Iran corruption lawsuit

The Statoil corruption case, also known as the Statoil-Horton case (Norwegian: Statoils Horton-sak),[119] refers to Norwegian oil company Statoil's misconduct and extensive use of bribery in Iran between 2002 and 2003 in an attempt to secure lucrative oil contracts for the company in that country. On June 29, 2004, Statoil was found guilty of corruption by the Norwegian courts and was ordered to pay NOK 20 million in fines.[120] On October 13, 2006, Statoil reached a settlement with US authorities for its involvement in the case and was ordered by a US court to pay US$21 million in fines.[121]

### North Sea oil projects

In March 2011, Statoil halted work on two North Sea oil field projects and laid off thousands of people due to a £2 billion U.K. tax on the sector.[122][123]

### Charges of unethical practices in Athabasca

In 2012, a UK company, Ecclesiastical Investment, announced they were selling their stake in Statoil, as a result of perceived unethical practices related to Athabasca oil sands projects.[124]

### Arctic

In May 2012, Equinor signed an Arctic exploration deal with Rosneft.[125][73] In June 2014, Statoil announced it had completed a 12-month exploration program of its Castberg license project in the Arctic and found less-than-expected oil reserves. Production, which had originally been planned to start in 2018, was temporarily shelved while the company and its partners reassessed the viability of the project and explored ways to reduce development costs.[126]

### Great Australian Bight

Exploration for oil and gas in the Great Australian Bight first began in the late 1960s.[127] Not long ago, several oil majors, BP, Statoil/Equinor, and Chevron proposed plans to drill exploration wells in the southern part of the area from 2017 onwards.[128] On October 11, 2016, BP withdrew its plans to explore the area claiming that it was not competitive and did not align with BP's strategic goals.[129] The proposal to explore in the bight was the focus of community opposition. The Wilderness Society showed that a worst-case scenario leak of oil could have a catastrophic effect on the southern coastline of Australia.[130] The Australian Senate commenced an inquiry into oil or gas production in the Great Australian Bight on 22 February 2016. The committee was reestablished on 13 September 2016 following the Australian Federal Election.[131] In October 2017, Chevron withdrew from the project,[132] but it returned alongside BP in 2019.[133] Though the National Offshore Petroleum Safety and Environmental Management Authority approved exploration plans in late 2019,[134] Equinor withdrew from the project in February 2020, citing profitability reasons.[135]

### Losses in the United States

In 2020, a report revealed important issues regarding $20 billion lost in the United States. According to Equinor chairman Jon Erik Reinhardsen, the losses were driven by an ambitious growth strategy and overly optimistic price assumptions.[136][137]

### Censorship of the Science Museum

In 2023 it was revealed that an Equinor sponsorship agreement of the Wonderlab exhibition at the Science Museum, London contained a gag clause preventing the museum or its trustees “make any statement or issue any publicity or otherwise be involved in any conduct or matter that may reasonably be foreseen as discrediting or damaging the goodwill or reputation of the sponsor”.[138]

## Corporate structure

### Board of directors

Comprised as follows as of April 2024:[139]

* Jon Erik Reinhardsen, former CEO of Petroleum Geo-Services (2008-2017)[140]
* Anne Drinkwater, former CEO of BP Canada[141]
* Jonathan Lewis, former CEO of Capita
* Finn Bjørn Ruyter, former CEO of Hafslund
* Haakon Bruun-Hanssen, former Chief of Defence of Norway
* Mikael Karlsson, current Vice Chairman and Partner at Actis Capital
* Fernanda Lopes Larsen, former EVP at Yara International
* Tone Hegland Bachke, former Telenor CFO
* Stig Lægreid, employee-representative
* Per Martin Labråthen, employee-representative, head of the Styrke trade union's Equinor branch
* Hilde Møllerstad, employee-representative, petroleum technologist

### Lobbying

Equinor engages professional lobbyists to represent its interests in various jurisdictions. In South Australia, its is represented by Hawker Britton.[142]

## Environmental record

Statoil was responsible for 0.52% of global industrial greenhouse gas emissions from 1988 to 2015.[143]

Equinor and Shell were planning on building a gas-fired powerplant in Norway that would infuse CO2 underground or beneath the seabed, but they discarded the plan due to economic reasons.[144] Equinor has injected CO2 into the Utsira formation on the Sleipner gas field for environmental storage purposes since 1996. Natural gas (methane) containing approximately 8.5% CO2 is produced on the Sleipner Vest field. The gas is transported to the Sleipner Treatment platform, where the CO2 is removed. The gas is exported to the UK, Germany, and Belgium, and the CO2 is injected into the Utsira formation.[145]

Equinor is also a founding member of Methane Guiding Principles, an industry consortium that aims to reduce methane emissions throughout the oil and gas supply chain.[146]

## Sponsorship

Equinor sponsors talents in art, education, and sports through the program Morgendagens helter (Tomorrow's heroes).[147]

Two musical prizes are included in the program.[148] As of 2013, the grant for both awards is of 1 million NOK (about $95,000). The Statoil classical music award has been awarded since 1999. The Statoil stipend to a Norwegian pop/rock artist or group has been awarded since 2008 during the by:Larm festival and is meant to stimulate an international career.[149][150]

The program also includes an art prize, Statoils kunstpris, that has been awarded every second year since 2007 to a talented artist in Norway. The grant is 500,000 NOK (about $48,000) which makes it Norway's largest prize of its kind.[151]

Sponsorship for sports includes support for football and skiing. Sponsorship for education focuses on natural sciences and included a yearly competition for high school students in Norway where Statoils realfagspris is awarded.[152]

Statoil was an official sponsor of the 2011 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships that was held in Oslo.[153]

## References

1. ↑ "Anders Opedal taking over as president and CEO". Equinor.com. https://www.equinor.com/en/news/20200810-management.html/.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 "2024 Annual Report (Form 20-F)". US Securities and Exchange Commission. 20 March 2025. https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1140625/000114062525000062/eqnr-20241231.htm.
3. ↑ "Smackover Lithium reports highest lithium brine grade in SWA Project Area as FEED studies nearing completion". Magnolia Banner-News. 18 July 2025. https://www.magnoliabannernews.com/news/2025/jul/18/smackover-lithium-reports-highest-lithium-brine/.
4. ↑ "Forbes Global 2000". https://www.forbes.com/companies/equinor/#318927c518d4.
5. ↑ "The Global 2000 2023" (in en). https://www.forbes.com/lists/global2000/?sh=51d599675ac0.
6. ↑ "Annual Report 2021". Statoil. https://www.equinor.com/content/dam/statoil/documents/annual-reports/2021/equinor-2021-annual-report-and-form-20-f.pdf.
7. ↑ "StatoilHydro signature unveiled". 2007-05-10. http://www.offshore247.com/news/article.asp?Id=7695.
8. ↑ "Statoil Annual Report 2017". Statoil. https://www.statoil.com/content/dam/statoil/documents/annual-reports/2017/statoil-annual-report-20f-2017.pdf.
9. ↑ "Oil & Gas Giant Statoil Proposes Changing Name To Equinor". 15 March 2018. https://cleantechnica.com/2018/03/15/oil-gas-giant-statoil-proposes-changing-name-to-equinor/.
10. ↑ "google translate". https://translate.google.de/?hl=de&tab=wT#no/en/stat oil.
11. ↑ Kent, Sarah (2018-03-15). "Getting the 'Oil' Out: Norway's Statoil Rebrands" (in en-US). Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. https://www.wsj.com/articles/getting-the-oil-out-norways-statoil-rebrands-1521110218.
12. ↑ Olsen, Jan-Kristian (1991-08-17). "Levangergutt i teltleiren på Rotvoll". Levanger-Avisa: p. 5. https://www.nb.no/items/6c8822b55fcf5b87010b9d0949178a59.
13. ↑ Gjerde, Kristin Øye (2022-04-01). "Norges mest lønnsomme oppfinnelse" (in nb-NO). https://equinor.industriminne.no/norges-mest-lonnsomme-oppfinnelse/.
14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "– Staten må selge seg ut av Statoil - NRK Rogaland - Lokale nyheter, TV og radio". Nrk.no. 2013-05-13. http://www.nrk.no/rogaland/_-staten-ma-selge-seg-ut-av-statoil-1.11024302.
15. ↑ "Dagens Næringsliv | DN". Archived from the original on September 7, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130907142949/http://www.dn.no/forsiden/energi/article897283.ece.
16. ↑ "Statoil Buys Anadarko Projects for $2.1 Billion". March 4, 2008. Archived from the original on June 10, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110610222135/http://www.cnbc.com/id/23460388/Statoil_Buys_Anadarko_Projects_for_2_1_Billion.
17. ↑ Hilde øvrebekk Lewis (2012-02-20). "Statoil Vil for more oil sands" (in no). Aftenposten. http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/Statoil-vil-ha-mer-oljesand-6766710.html.
18. ↑ Cox, Ramsey (February–March 2010). "Water Power + Wind Power = Win!". Mother Earth News. http://www.motherearthnews.com/Renewable-Energy/Hywind-Wind-Power-Water-Power.aspx.
19. ↑ Patel, Prachi (2009-06-22). "Floating Wind Turbines to Be Tested". IEEE Spectrum. http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/green-tech/wind/floating-wind-turbines-to-be-tested.
20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 "Hydro's oil and gas activities to merge with Statoil". 2006-12-18. http://www.hydro.com/en/Press-room/News/Archive/2006/December/17106/.
21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 "EU regulators approve Statoil, Norsk Hydro merger". 2007-05-03. http://www.eubusiness.com/Energy/statoil-norsk.44/.
22. ↑ "Okays Statoil-Hydro Merger". Norwegian Parliament. 2007-06-11. http://www.ocean-resources.com/news/ournews.asp?NewsID=5709.
23. ↑ "Top 20 shareholders". Statoil.com. http://www.statoil.com/en/InvestorCentre/Share/Shareholders/Top20/Pages/default.aspx.
24. ↑ "Merger of Statoil and Hydro oil- and gas division". http://odin.dep.no/smk/english/news/press_centre/press_releases/001001-071626/dok-bn.html.
25. ↑ Cowley, Elizabeth; Wang, Michael; Cummins, Chip (2006-12-19). "Statoil, Norsk Hydro Create an Energy Behemoth". The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB116642748971353246?mod=home_whats_news_us.
26. ↑ "Blant verdens 50 største". 2006-12-19. http://e24.no/naeringsliv/article1574917.ece.
27. ↑ "Annual general meeting held in StatoilHydro ASA" (Press release). Hugin. 19 May 2009. Archived from the original on 2011-07-24. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
28. ↑ "StatoilHydro becomes Statoil" (Press release). Statoil. 2 November 2009. Archived from the original on 2009-11-20. Retrieved 2009-11-24.
29. ↑ Farberg, Andreas L. (2010-09-28). "Mr. McStatoil vil vokse seg stor i Polen" (in no). E24. http://e24.no/boers-og-finans/article3831059.ece.
30. ↑ Torp, Cathrine (2010-02-03). "Statoil opens for a new ownership structure for its energy and retail business" (Press release). Stavanger: Statoil ASA. Archived from the original on 2010-02-06. Retrieved 2010-10-03.
31. ↑ Koranyi, Balazs (2012-04-18). "Canada's Couche-Tard to buy Statoil Fuel for $2.8 billion". Reuters. http://uk.reuters.com/article/us-alimentation-statoilfuel-idUKBRE83H06R20120418.
32. ↑ Goldstein, Steve (2010-05-21). "Statoil to Sell Oil-Field Stake to Sinochem for $3.07 Billion" (in en-US). Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704852004575258303693427456.
33. ↑ "Statoil reports oil and gas discovery just north of Norne (Scandinavian Oil-Gas Magazine)". Scandoil.com. http://www.scandoil.com/moxie-bm2/news/statoil-reports-oil-and-gas-discovery-just-north-o.shtml.
34. ↑ "Statoil to divest in Gassled". Reuters.com. 2011-06-06. https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/06/06/idUS33520+06-Jun-2011+HUG20110606.
35. ↑ "Statoil sells oilsands assets to Athabasca Oil in deal worth up to $832 million". CBC News. 2016-12-14. http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/statoil-athabasca-sale-1.3897310.
36. ↑ "Norway Makes Its Second Huge Oil Discovery In The Past Year". Associated Press. January 9, 2012. http://www.businessinsider.com/norway-makes-its-second-huge-offshore-oil-discovery-of-the-year-2012-1.
37. ↑ Kahya, Damian (2011-10-13). "Statoil doubles estimated size of North Sea find". BBC News. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-15402145.
38. ↑ "Major oil discovery in the Barents Sea". http://www.worldoil.com/Major_oil_discovery_in_the_Barents_Sea.html.
39. ↑ Stigset, Marianne; Treloar, Stephen (2011-10-17). "Statoil Buys Brigham for $4.4 Billion to Get Bakken Shale". Bloomberg.com. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-10-17/statoil-to-buy-outstanding-shares-of-brigham-exploration-for-36-5-a-share.html.
40. ↑ González, Ángel (2012-08-29). "Statoil Leases Rail Cars to Ship Bottlenecked North Dakota Oil - WSJ". Online.wsj.com. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10000872396390443864204577619753319401154.
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42. ↑ "Falske fakturaer i fleng". Dagens Næringsliv: p. 17. 2011-10-06. "Forholdet de er tiltalt for skal ha foregått over 7 år, fra 2003 til 2010. Tilsammen skal hovedmannen, en innleid Statoil-konsulent, ha mottatt over syv millioner kroner i bestikkelser. Motytelsen var kontrakter og utbetalinger på flere titall millioner kroner fra Statoil til et selskap de to andre er knyttet til. — To av tre erkjenner straffeskyld. — Saken er den største korrupsjonssaken siden Statoils Horton-sak"
43. ↑ "PetroFrontier Corp. | PetroFrontier Corp. announces Statoil to fully fund a US$50 million 2013/2014 exploration program in the Southern Georgina Basin". Newswire.ca. http://www.newswire.ca/en/story/1181481/petrofrontier-corp-announces-statoil-to-fully-fund-a-us-50-million-2013-2014-exploration-program-in-the-southern-georgina-basin.
44. ↑ "Statoil gjør milliardkjøp på brasiliansk sokkel". Teknisk Ukeblad. 29 July 2016. http://www.tu.no/artikler/statoil-gjor-milliardkjop-pa-brasiliansk-sokkel/349777.
45. ↑ Fouche, Gwladys; Solsvik, Terje (2014-10-13). "Statoil exits Shah Deniz gas project with stake sale to Petronas" (in en-US). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/business/statoil-exits-shah-deniz-gas-project-with-stake-sale-to-petronas-idUSKCN0I2090/.
46. ↑ "Gas contract with Statoil more advantageous than with Gazprom – Yatseniuk". En.interfax.com.ua. 2014-11-18. http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/economic/235042.html.
47. ↑ "Norway's Statoil sells gas to Ukraine's Naftogaz". Reuters. 3 October 2014. https://www.reuters.com/article/ukraine-crisis-statoil-idUSL6N0RY2UC20141003.
48. ↑ "Statoil Energy Ventures makes first investment: United Wind". http://www.statoil.com/en/NewsAndMedia/News/2016/Pages/07mar-united-wind.aspx.
49. ↑ Exxon backs ‘serious action’ on climate change Financial Times, October 2016. Quote: "Eldar Saetre, chief executive of Statoil, said that global oil demand could peak as soon as the 2020s as electric vehicles begin to replace those running on petroleum. "Then we will have a shrinking oil industry"
50. ↑ Milne, Richard (October 29, 2017). "Statoil will not give up on exploration in Arctic". Financial Times (United Kingdom). https://www.ft.com/content/ba437158-bb25-11e7-8c12-5661783e5589.
51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 McCulloch, Scott (2 November 2015). "Statoil to pilot floating wind farm scheme offshore Peterhead". http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/business/business-energy/statoil-pilot-floating-wind-farm-6749984.
52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 "Floating wind farm to be UK first". 2 November 2015. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-business-34694463.
53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 "Hywind Scotland Pilot Park - 4C Offshore". http://www.4coffshore.com/windfarms/hywind-scotland-pilot-park-united-kingdom-uk76.html.
54. ↑ "For clean energy, buy American or buy it quick and cheap?" (in en-US). 2021-05-16. https://www.seattletimes.com/business/for-clean-energy-buy-american-or-buy-it-quick-and-cheap/.
55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 Hill, Joshua S. (2018-03-06). "Statoil Acquires 50% Interest In 1.2 Gigawatt Polish Offshore Wind Farms". Clean Technica. https://cleantechnica.com/2018/03/06/statoil-acquires-50-interest-1-2-gw-polish-offshore-wind-farms/.
56. ↑ "DFPCL secures 0.65 million tonne annual LNG supply from Equinor in 15-year deal" (in en). https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/oil-and-gas/dfpcl-secures-0-65-million-tonne-annual-lng-supply-from-equinor-in-15-year-deal/107835868?utm_source=top_news&utm_medium=tagListing.
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58. ↑ "An Early April’s Fool? Statoil Rebrands itself As Equinor" (in en). 2018-03-19. https://oilchange.org/blogs/an-early-aprils-fool-statoil-rebrands-itself-as-equinor/.
59. ↑ "'Scandal' losses in US haunt Equinor". 11 May 2020. https://www.newsinenglish.no/2020/05/11/scandal-losses-in-us-haunt-equinor/.
60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 "Equinor sells U.S. Bakken shale assets, posts record loss for 2020". 2021-02-10. https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/equinor-sells-us-bakken-shale-assets-posts-record-loss-2020-2021-02-10/.
61. ↑ Blum, Jordan (2019-11-07). "Equinor sells Eagle Ford position for $325 million to Repsol" (in en-US). https://www.chron.com/business/energy/article/Equinor-sells-Eagle-Ford-position-for-325-14818000.php.
62. ↑ "Equinor appoints new CEO to speed up renewable investments" (in en). Reuters. 2020-08-10. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-equinor-ceo-idUSKCN2560B4.
63. ↑ "Equinor to cut jobs in U.S., Canada and UK following oil price fall" (in en). Reuters. 2020-08-26. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-equinor-layoffs-idUSKBN25M214.
64. ↑ McFarlane, Sarah (2021-02-06). "Floating Wind Turbines Buoy Hopes of Expanding Renewable Energy" (in en-US). Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. https://www.wsj.com/articles/floating-wind-turbines-buoy-hopes-of-expanding-renewable-energy-11612623702.
65. ↑ Frangoul, Anmar (2021-01-14). "Norway's Equinor clinches one of the largest ever renewable energy contracts in the U.S." (in en). https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/14/equinor-clinches-huge-renewable-energy-contract-in-the-us.html.
66. ↑ "Norway's Equinor clinches New York offshore wind contract" (in en). Reuters. 2021-01-13. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-windpower-equinor-bp-idUSKBN29I2YD.
67. ↑ "Equinor completes sale to Grayson Mills" (in en). 28 April 2021. https://www.willistonherald.com/news/oil_and_energy/equinor-completes-sale-to-grayson-mills/article_25639710-a835-11eb-9474-c363622b00c8.html.
68. ↑ "Exclusive – Equinor considers more US asset sales in global strategy revamp". 2021-02-15. https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/exclusive-equinor-considers-more-us-asset-sales-global-strategy-revamp-2021-02-16/.
69. ↑ "Equinor and Eni to collaborate on floating North Sea wind power" (in en). Reuters. 2021-05-06. https://www.reuters.com/article/norway-windfarm-idUSL8N2MT1N6.
70. ↑ "Equinor, Vårgrønn to collaborate on wind farm bids offshore Norway". May 6, 2021. https://www.offshore-mag.com/renewable-energy/article/14202853/equinor-vrgrnn-to-collaborate-on-wind-farm-bids-offshore-norway.
71. ↑ "Noble Energy Announces Status of Deep Blue Exploration Well - HOUSTON, May 10 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/". Prnewswire.com. 2004-09-19. http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/noble-energy-announces-status-of-deep-blue-exploration-well-93320749.html.
72. ↑ Jensen, Victor; Overland, Indra (2011). "Shtokman-prosjektets blindsone: Fransk-russiske relasjoner". Internasjonal Politikk 69 (3): 387–411. doi:10.18261/ISSN1891-1757-2011-03-03. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286111147.
73. ↑ 73.0 73.1 Overland, Indra; Godzimirski, Jakub; Lunden, Lars Petter; Fjaertoft, Daniel (2013). "Rosneft's offshore partnerships: the re-opening of the Russian petroleum frontier?" (in en). Polar Record 49 (2): 140–153. doi:10.1017/S0032247412000137. Bibcode: 2013PoRec..49..140O. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259431566.
74. ↑ Fjaertoft, Daniel; Overland, Indra (2015). "Financial Sanctions Impact Russian Oil, Equipment Export Ban's Effects Limited". Oil and Gas Journal 113: 66–72. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281776234.
75. ↑ Adomaitis, Nerijus; Bousso, Ron (14 September 2022). "Exclusive: How Norway's Equinor exited Russia: Move fast, sell cheap". https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/exclusive-how-norways-equinor-exited-russia-move-fast-sell-cheap-2022-09-14/.
76. ↑ "Olje, utvikling og ansvar". 21 September 2018. https://www.dn.no/med-egne-ord/olje/usa/equinor/olje-utvikling-og-ansvar/2-1-425948. "Med andre ord fant vi at mer olje i land med gode institusjoner er en velsignelse, mens mer olje i land med dårlige institusjoner er en forbannelse. Når oljeselskapene bidrar til å hente ut ressurser til gode regimer, kan innbyggerne få økte muligheter og materiell fremgang. Når oljeselskapene bidrar til å hente ut ressurser til dårlige regimer, får landet økt konflikt, grabbing og sløsing med mennesker og talent."
77. ↑ "Equinors bortforklaringer". 5 October 2018. https://www.dn.no/innlegg/equinor/equinors-bortforklaringer/2-1-436601. "Etter min vurdering har oljeressursene i udemokratiske land tre tragiske virkninger som forsterker hverandre: a) eliten tenderer til å ta alt – ressursene blir tappet ut før befolkningen skaffer seg demokratisk makt til å få del i inntektene; b) resten av økonomien utarmes – den økonomiske veksten går ned; c) det autoritære styresettet sementeres – oljen forhindrer demokrati. Dette ville ikke være mulig uten oljeselskapenes medvirkning."
78. ↑ "Heleren og stjeleren". 2 November 2018. https://www.dn.no/innlegg/heleren-og-stjeleren/2-1-463659. "Å utvinne olje i udemokratiske regimer gir befolkningen en tredobbel straff: 1) mindre ressurser til fremtidens demokrati, 2) mindre sannsynlig med snarlige demokratiske reformer, 3) lavere økonomisk vekst enn om oljen ble liggende."
79. ↑ "Norway's Equinor makes gas find in Barents Sea". 10 July 2025. https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/norways-equinor-makes-gas-find-barents-sea-2025-07-10/.
80. ↑ Afanasiev, Vladimir (2025-07-10). "Equinor hits gas with Barents Sea well" (in en). https://www.upstreamonline.com/exploration/equinor-hits-gas-with-barents-sea-well/2-1-1844524.
81. ↑ "Equinor Finds Oil and Gas Near Troll Field in North Sea" (in en). 2025-08-25. https://www.oedigital.com/news/529265-equinor-finds-oil-and-gas-near-troll-field-in-north-sea.
82. ↑ Cavcic, Melisa (2025-08-25). "Fresh oil & gas discovery springs up in North Sea" (in en-US). https://www.offshore-energy.biz/fresh-oil-gas-discovery-springs-up-in-north-sea/.
83. ↑ Procyk, Alex (2025-08-25). "Equinor discovers oil, gas in Fram area offshore Norway" (in en). https://www.ogj.com/exploration-development/discoveries/news/55312118/equinor-discovers-oil-gas-in-fram-area-offshore-norway.
84. ↑ "Solar energy in Equinor". https://www.equinor.com/energy/solar-energy.
85. ↑ "E.ON and Statoil to Jointly Build 385MW Arkona Offshore Wind Farm". Offshore Wind. 2016-04-25. https://www.offshorewind.biz/2016/04/25/e-on-and-statoil-to-jointly-build-385mw-arkona-offshore-wind-farm/.
86. ↑ "Revised ownership structure in UK offshore wind project" (Press release). Equinor. 2017-08-10.
87. ↑ "Norwegian oil giant Equinor cuts green investment in half" (in en-GB). 2025-02-06. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c1jg7k1kjwyo.
88. ↑ "Windtech International - SSE and Equinor finalise seabed lease for Dogger Bank D". https://www.windtech-international.com/projects-and-contracts/sse-and-equinor-finalise-seabed-lease-for-dogger-bank-d.
89. ↑ "Purchasing JET automated stations in Scandinavia". Stat Oil. 19 September 2007. http://www.statoil.com/STATOILCOM/SVG00990.nsf/UNID/41256A3A0055DD32C125735B002CA4F2?OpenDocument&kat=nyhet.
90. ↑ "Finnish retailer St1 buys 198 Statoil stations". April 2009. https://www.reuters.com/article/statoilhydro-st1-idUKOSO00150920090401.
91. ↑ "Statoil Fuel & Retail Rises in Oslo on First Day of Trading". 22 October 2010. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2010-10-22/statoil-fuel-retail-shares-post-gains-in-oslo-on-first-day-of-trading.
92. ↑ Lindbæk, Jannik (2010-09-02). "Statoil files OSE application to list Statoil Fuel & Retail ASA". Stavanger: Statoil ASA. http://www.statoil.com/en/NewsAndMedia/News/2010/Pages/02Sep_OSE_Listing.aspx. Retrieved 2010-10-03.
93. ↑ "Couche-Tard Completes Acquisition of Statoil Fuel & Retail". https://www.lexpert.ca/big-deals/couche-tard-completes-acquisition-of-statoil-fuel-retail/347568.
94. ↑ "Statoil stations to change name to Circle K". http://scandinavianretail.se/statoil-to-change-name-to-circle-k/.
95. ↑ "Statoil Revenue 2006-2018 | EQNR". https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/EQNR/statoil/revenue.
96. ↑ "Rekordgodt Equinor-resultat: 132 milliarder kroner i justert driftsresultat i fjerde kvartal" (in no). Teknisk Ukeblad. 9 February 2022. https://www.tu.no/artikler/rekordgodt-equinor-resultat-132-milliarder-kroner-i-justert-driftsresultat-i-fjerde-kvartal/517162.
97. ↑ Overland, Indra (2016). "Ranking Oil, Gas and Mining Companies on Indigenous Rights in the Arctic". Arran. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313474088.
98. ↑ "Our shareholders" (in en). https://www.equinor.com/investors/our-shareholders.
99. ↑ "The government's revenues" (in en). https://www.norskpetroleum.no/en/economy/governments-revenues/.
100. ↑ Christensen, Sverre A. (September 2024). "Explaining State Ownership in Listed Companies in Norway" (in en). Enterprise & Society 25 (3): 907–932. doi:10.1017/eso.2023.19. ISSN 1467-2227.
101. ↑ "Norway's sovereign-wealth fund passes the $1trn mark". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/2017/09/23/norways-sovereign-wealth-fund-passes-the-1trn-mark.
102. ↑ "Sovereign Wealth Fund: Norway" (in en-US). https://www.sdg16.plus/policies/sovereign-wealth-fund-norway/.
103. ↑ 103.0 103.1 "Statoil's Place in Norway | Equinor | Yale Case Study Research and Development" (in en). https://cases.som.yale.edu/equinor/norway-and-oil/statoils-place-norway.
104. ↑ "Greener and more active state ownership" (PDF). Norwegian Royal Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries. 2023. Retrieved 2025-02-14.
105. ↑ Rapier, Robert. "Equinor Blazes A Renewable Path, But Can Other Oil Companies Follow?" (in en). https://www.forbes.com/sites/rrapier/2021/05/07/equinor-blazes-a-renewable-path-but-can-other-oil-companies-follow/.
106. ↑ "The Norwegian state as shareholder" (in en). https://www.equinor.com/about-us/the-norwegian-state-as-shareholder.
107. ↑ Fountain, Henry (2014-12-31). "Norwegians Turn Ambivalent on Statoil, Their Economic Bedrock". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2025-02-13.
108. ↑ "EquinorOut | The truth about Equinor's global projects" (in en). https://www.equinorout.com/.
109. ↑ Adomitis, Nerijus; Jessop, Simon (2023-03-28). "Investors push Norwegian government over Equinor climate planning". https://www.reuters.com/business/sustainable-business/investors-push-norwegian-government-over-equinor-climate-planning-2023-03-28/.
110. ↑ 110.0 110.1 Buli, Nora (2024-02-14). "'Stick to your plan': Norway PM backs Equinor's green energy agenda". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/stick-your-plan-norway-pm-backs-equinors-green-energy-agenda-2024-02-14/.
111. ↑ "11013: Central government fiscal account. Net cash flow from petroleum activities (NOK million) 1991K1 - 2024K4. Statbank Norway" (in en). https://www.ssb.no/en/statbank/table/11013/.
112. ↑ "Developing a New Plan | Equinor | Yale Case Study Research and Development" (in en). https://cases.som.yale.edu/equinor/new-business-focus/developing-new-plan.
113. ↑ "Equinor | Yale Case Study Research and Development" (in en). https://cases.som.yale.edu/equinor.
114. ↑ Eccles, Robert G.. "What Should Norway Do With An Extra $170 Billion From Oil And Gas Revenues?" (in en). https://www.forbes.com/sites/bobeccles/2023/07/24/what-should-norway-do-with-an-extra-170-billion-from-oil-revenues/.
115. ↑ 115.0 115.1 "Oil Scandal In Norway" (in en-US). The New York Times. Reuters. 1987-11-21. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/1987/11/21/business/oil-scandal-in-norway.html.
116. ↑ "Shell’s Corrib Gas Pipeline Route Declared Unsafe by Irish Planning Board". http://goldmanprize.org/sites/goldmanprize.org/files/Ouroboros_Spring_2010.pdf.
117. ↑ "Five arrested after clashes at Corrib gas line protest" (in en). The Irish Times. https://www.irishtimes.com/news/five-arrested-after-clashes-at-corrib-gas-line-protest-1.961859.
118. ↑ "Equinor Exits Ireland with $434M Sale of Corrib Gas Field Stake to Vermilion Energy". Offshore Engineering. 29 November 2021. https://www.oedigital.com/news/492431-equinor-exits-ireland-with-434m-sale-of-corrib-gas-field-stake-to-vermilion-energy.
119. ↑ Ånestad, Morten (2011-10-06). "Falske fakturaer i fleng". Dagens Næringsliv: p. 17. "Saken er den største saken siden Statoils Horton-sak"
120. ↑ "Statoil fined over Iranian bribes" (in en-GB). 2004-06-29. https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/3849147.stm.
121. ↑ "Statoil admits bribe for Iran oil rights". Financial Times. 2006-10-13. https://www.ft.com/content/5451c3ee-5aed-11db-8f80-0000779e2340.
122. ↑ Mason, Rowena (2011-03-30). "Statoil halts North Sea oil projects". Telegraph (London). https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/energy/oilandgas/8414834/Statoil-halts-North-Sea-oil-projects.html.
123. ↑ "Statoil halts North Sea oil development over windfall tax" (in en). 2011-03-29. http://www.theguardian.com/business/2011/mar/29/statoil-north-sea-windfall-tax.
124. ↑ "Etisk fond trekker seg ut av Statoil - Aftenposten". Aftenposten. Aftenposten.no. 2012-03-14. http://www.aftenposten.no/okonomi/Etisk-fond-trekker-seg-ut-av-Statoil-6783966.html.
125. ↑ "Rosneft and Statoil in Arctic exploration deal - BBC News". Bbc.co.uk. 2012-05-06. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-17974732.
126. ↑ "Arctic Johan Castberg field decision postponed by Statoil to 2015". Europe News.Net. http://www.europenews.net/index.php/sid/223401913/scat/baf10b3527f6df38/ht/Arctic-Johan-Castberg-field-decision-postponed-by-Statoil-to-2015.
127. ↑ "Petroleum Exploration in the Great Australian Bight". South Australia State Development. http://www.petroleum.statedevelopment.sa.gov.au/frequently_asked_questions/Petroleum_Exploration_in_the_Great_Australian_Bight.
128. ↑ Christoper Russell (2015-08-28). "Oil giant Chevron aiming to begin drilling its first exploration well in the Great Australian Bight in 2017". The Advertiser. http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/business/oil-giant-chevron-aiming-to-begin-drilling-its-first-exploration-well-in-the-great-australian-bight-in-2017/news-story/bb602215f6a248432df07373e02ef10b.
129. ↑ "ABC news. BP withdraws from Great Australian Bight drilling". ABC. http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-10-11/bp-withdraws-from-great-australian-bight-drilling/7921956.
130. ↑ Oliver Milman (2015-10-09). "BP oil spill in Great Australian Bight would be catastrophic, modelling shows". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/oct/09/bp-oil-spill-in-great-australian-bight-would-be-catastrophic-modelling-shows.
131. ↑ "Home". https://www.aph.gov.au/.
132. ↑ "Chevron drops Great Australian Bight drilling plans" (in en-AU). ABC News. 2017-10-12. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-10-13/chevron-abandons-oil-drilling-on-great-australian-bight/9045870.
133. ↑ "BP, Chevron to invest $116M on exploration in Australia after Bight exit" (in en-US). 2019-12-19. https://www.offshore-energy.biz/bp-chevron-commit-to-invest-116m-on-exploration-in-australia/.
134. ↑ "Environment Plan: Stromlo-1 exploration drilling program". https://docs.nopsema.gov.au/A705648.
135. ↑ "Great Australian Bight: Equinor abandons controversial oil drilling plans" (in en-GB). BBC News. 2020-02-25. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-51623764.
136. ↑ "Equinor should have addressed 'significant' problems in U.S. sooner -chairman" (in en). Reuters. 2020-10-09. https://www.reuters.com/article/equinor-united-states-idUSL8N2H036P.
137. ↑ "'Scandal' losses in US haunt Equinor". 11 May 2020. https://www.newsinenglish.no/2020/05/11/scandal-losses-in-us-haunt-equinor/.
138. ↑ "Science Museum sponsorship deal with oil firm included gag clause". The Guardian. 16 February 2023. https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2023/feb/16/science-museum-sponsorship-deal-with-oil-firm-included-gag-clause.
139. ↑ "Board of Directors - Board of Directors - equinor.com". https://www.statoil.com/en/about-us/board-of-directors.html.
140. ↑ "Election to Statoil's board of directors". https://www.equinor.com/news/archive/06jun2017-election-board-directors.
141. ↑ "Tullow Oil appoints Anne Drinkwater as a Non-executive director". https://www.tullowoil.com/media/press-releases/tullow-oil-appoints-anne-drinkwater-non-executive-director/.
142. ↑ "Lobbyist Portal". https://www.lobbyists.sa.gov.au/#/lobbyist/55.
143. ↑ "Top 100 producers and their cumulative greenhouse gas emissions from 1988-2015". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2017/jul/10/100-fossil-fuel-companies-investors-responsible-71-global-emissions-cdp-study-climate-change.
144. ↑ "Statoil, Shell shelve Draugen field CO2 injection". Reuters. 2007-06-29. https://www.reuters.com/article/environmentNews/idUSL2917344820070629.
145. ↑ Technology as a driving force in climate policy (Bjørn-Erik Haugan, Cicerone, Number: 6. pp.8-9. 2005) [1]
146. ↑ "Methane Guiding Principles and OGCI". Shell. March 2018. https://unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/energy/se/pp/geg/geg5_ws_March2018/Sue-Ern.Tan_4_Shell.pdf.
147. ↑ "Kunstnerforbundet - Desemberutstillingen". Kunstnerforbundet.no. http://www.kunstnerforbundet.no/pages/nor/90-desemberutstillingen.
148. ↑ "Millionen som deler musikk-Noreg - NRK Kultur og underholdning - Nyheter og aktuelt stoff". Nrk.no. 2012-11-19. http://www.nrk.no/kultur-og-underholdning/1.8399303.
149. ↑ Nina Berglund (20 February 2012): Bernhoft wins Statoil stipend News in English, retrieved 12 May 2013
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153. ↑ "Oslo 2011 enjoys great sponsor interest, Statoil". FIS 23 December 2009 article accessed 25 December 2009.

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