Hyundai Motor Company

Headquarters (right) in Seoul, South Korea

Native name

| 현대자동차 주식회사
Type| Public

Traded as

Short description: Securities exchange operator in South Korea

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Korea Exchange한국거래소

File:150px
Type| Stock exchange
Location| Busan & Seoul, South Korea
Coordinates|  [ ⚑ ] 35°08′12″N 129°03′53″E﻿ / ﻿35.136721°N 129.064746°E﻿ / 35.136721; 129.064746 (Busan)
Founded| 1956; 70 years ago (1956)
Key people| Sohn Byung-doo
(Chairman & CEO)
Currency| South Korean won
No. of listings| 2,901 (as of January 2026)[1]
Market cap| ₩4,277 trillion KRW ($2.95 trillion USD)[2]
Indices| KOSPI
KOSPI 200
KOSDAQ
Website| www.krx.co.kr
global.krx.co.kr

1. REDIRECT Template:Infobox Korean/auto

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Korea Exchange (KRX, Korean: 한국거래소) is the sole securities exchange operator in South Korea. It is headquartered in Busan, and has an office for cash markets and market oversight in Seoul.

## History

The Korea Exchange was created through the integration of Korea Stock Exchange (KSE), Korea Futures Exchange and KOSDAQ Stock Market under the Korea Stock & Futures Exchange Act. The securities and derivatives markets of former exchanges are now business divisions of Korea Exchange: the Stock Market Division, KOSDAQ Market Division and Derivatives Market Division. As of December 2020, Korea Exchange had 2,409 listed companies with a combined market capitalization of ₩2.3 quadrillion KRW (US$2.1 trillion). The exchange has normal trading sessions from 09:00 am to 03:30 pm on all days of the week except Saturdays, Sundays and holidays declared by the Exchange in advance.[3]

On 22 May 2015, the Korea Exchange joined the United Nations Sustainable Stock Exchanges initiative in an event with the UN-SG Ban Ki-moon in attendance, as well as senior officials from UN Global Compact and UNCTAD.[4]

On 10 April 2025, the KOSPI and KOSDAQ soared when President Donald Trump announced that he would suspend the mutual tariffs. In response, the Korea Exchange triggered a buy sidecar for the KOSPI market at 09:06 a.m. for the first time in eight months.[5]

In April 2025, the Korea Exchange signed a contract with the Thai Stock Exchange to supply the system for liquidation and settlement. A source at the exchange said it expects the deal to further strengthen the position of the Korean stock market infrastructure in Southeast Asia.[6]

## Traded instruments

KOSPI Market Division

* Stocks
* Bonds
* Exchange-traded funds (ETFs)
* Exchange-Linked Warrants (ELWs)
* Real estate investment trusts (REITs)

KOSDAQ Market Division

* Stocks

Derivatives Market Division

* Index Instruments: KOSPI 200 Index Futures, KOSTAR Futures, KOSPI 200 Index Options
* Single Stock Futures
* Equity Options
* Interest Rate Instruments: 3-Year KTB (Korea Treasury Bond) Futures, 5-Year KTB Futures, 10-Year KTB Futures
* Foreign Exchange Instruments: USD Futures, JPY Futures, EUR Futures, USD Options
* Commodity Instruments: Gold Futures, Mini-gold Futures, Lean Hog Futures

## Trading hours

Session |  | Trading Hours | Quotation Receiving Hours

|
|
|

Regular Session |  | 09:00 ~ 15:30 | 08:00 ~ 15:30
Off-hours Session | Pre-hours | 07:30 ~ 09:00 | 07:30 ~ 09:00
Off-hours Session | Post-hours | 15:40 ~ 18:00 | 15:30 ~ 18:00
[7]

Quotations are quotes submitted by the Members on behalf of their customers and are submitted to the Exchange only during Quotation Receiving Hours.

Trading days in KRX KOSPI markets are from Monday through Friday and no trading or settlement is made on the following days:[8]

* Holidays according to government regulations (which includes Sundays, National Election days, etc)
* Labor Day (May 1st)
* Saturdays
* December 31st when it's a holiday or a Saturday, otherwise the previous business day closest to December 31st
* Certain days deemed necessary by the KRX due to market conditions.

## See also

* Miracle on the Han River
* Economy of South Korea
* Korea Financial Investment Association

## References

1. ↑ "Global KRX". http://global.krx.co.kr/main/main.jsp.
2. ↑ ""KRX KRX Data Marketplace"". https://data.krx.co.kr/contents/MDC/MAIN/main/index.cmd.
3. ↑ Market Hours, Korea Exchange via Wikinvest
4. ↑ "UN Secretary-General Joins Business Leaders in Seoul, Calls for Urgent Action on Poverty, Climate Change and Conflict". https://www.unglobalcompact.org/news/1881-05-19-2015.
5. ↑ "[속보 코스피시장 매수 사이드카 발동…8개월만"] (in ko). 2025-04-10. https://www.mk.co.kr/news/business/11287703.
6. ↑ "한국거래소, 태국증권거래소에 청산결제시스템 공급한다" (in ko). 2025-04-14. https://m.sedaily.com/NewsView/2GRINUO941#cb.
7. ↑ https://global.krx.co.kr/contents/GLB/01/0109/0109000000/guide_to_trading_in_the_korean_stock_market.pdf
8. ↑ "Global KRX | Regulation | Stocks | KOSPI Market | Trading". https://global.krx.co.kr/contents/GLB/06/0602/0602010201/GLB0602010201.jsp#826f2bceb71bdd795d4f782fda605cb1=1.

## External links

* Korea Exchange Website

* v
* t
* e

World Federation of Exchanges

Members|

* Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange
* Amman Stock Exchange
* Athens Stock Exchange
* Australian Securities Exchange
* Bahrain Bourse
* BATS Global Markets
* Bermuda Stock Exchange
* BM&F Bovespa
* BME Spanish Exchanges
* Bolsa de Comercio de Buenos Aires
* Bolsa de Comercio de Santiago
* Bolsa de Valores de Colombia
* Bolsa de Valores de Lima
* Bolsa Mexicana de Valores
* Borsa Istanbul
* Bourse de Casablanca
* BSE India Limited
* Bulgarian Stock Exchange – Sofia
* Bursa Malaysia
* CBOE Holdings
* China Financial Futures Exchange
* CME Group
* Colombo Stock Exchange
* Cyprus Stock Exchange
* Dalian Commodity Exchange
* Deutsche Börse
* Dubai Financial Market
* Egyptian Exchange
* Euronext
* Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange
* Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing
* Indonesia Stock Exchange
* Intercontinental Exchange
* International Securities Exchange
* Japan Exchange Group
* JSE Limited
* Kazakhstan Stock Exchange
* Korea Exchange
* Luxembourg Stock Exchange
* Malta Stock Exchange
* Moscow Exchange
* Muscat Securities Market
* NASDAQ OMX
* National Stock Exchange of India
* Nigerian Stock Exchange
* NZX Limited
* Oslo Børs
* Philippine Stock Exchange
* Qatar Exchange
* Saudi Stock Exchange (Tadawul)
* Shanghai Futures Exchange
* Shanghai Stock Exchange
* Shenzhen Stock Exchange
* Singapore Exchange
* SIX Swiss Exchange
* Stock Exchange of Mauritius
* Stock Exchange of Thailand
* Taipei Exchange
* Taiwan Futures Exchange
* Taiwan Stock Exchange
* Tel Aviv Stock Exchange
* TMX Group
* Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange

Associates|

* Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation
* Options Clearing Corporation

Affiliates|

* Beirut Stock Exchange
* Bourse de Tunis
* BRVM
* Bucharest Stock Exchange
* Cayman Islands Stock Exchange
* Chittagong Stock Exchange
* Dhaka Stock Exchange
* Dubai Gold & Commodities Exchange
* Hanoi Stock Exchange
* Indonesia Commodity and Derivatives Exchange
* Multi Commodity Exchange
* Nairobi Securities Exchange
* Namibian Stock Exchange
* Nepal Stock Exchange
* Palestine Exchange
* Port Moresby Stock Exchange
* The International Stock Exchange
* Ukrainian Exchange

Correspondents|

* Barbados Stock Exchange
* Belarusian Currency and Stock Exchange
* Bolsa de Comercio de Rosario
* Boursa Kuwait
* Canadian Securities Exchange
* Dutch Caribbean Securities Exchange
* Ghana Stock Exchange
* Jamaica Stock Exchange
* PFTS Stock Exchange
* Sydney Stock Exchange
* Seychelles Securities Exchange (Trop-X)

1. REDIRECT Template:Stock exchanges top 25

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Short description: Stock exchange in the City of London

London Stock ExchangeArms

The Stock Exchange on the right, facing Paternoster Square

Type| Stock exchange
Location| London, England, UK
Founded| 30 December 1801; 224 years ago (1801-12-30)
Owner| London Stock Exchange Group
Key people|

* Don Robert (Chairman)
* Julia Hoggett (CEO)

Currency| Sterling (most primary listings; stock prices are quoted in pence rather than pounds)
No. of listings| 1,918 issuers[1]
Market cap| US$3.42 trillion (as of July 2024[update])[2]
Indices|

* FTSE 100 Index
* FTSE 250 Index
* FTSE 350 Index
* FTSE SmallCap Index
* FTSE All-Share Index

Website| {{{1}}}

The London Stock Exchange (LSE) is a global stock exchange based in Paternoster Square in the City of London, England. Founded in 1801, it is one of the world's oldest continuously operating stock exchanges. As of mid-2025, the exchange had a total market capitalisation of approximately US$5.9 trillion for all listed instruments.[3] Since 2007, it has been operated by the London Stock Exchange Group (LSEG), which is itself a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index and trades under the ticker symbol LSEG.[4]

The exchange hosts over 1,900 companies from more than 60 countries, operating several key equity and debt markets, including its Main Market for established global companies and the Alternative Investment Market (AIM) for smaller, high-growth firms. It also serves as a primary venue for Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs), providing a critical gateway for firms from emerging markets—particularly India, China, and the Middle East—to access international capital.[5] The exchange is a global center for the Natural Resources sector; as of 2025, London maintains the world's largest concentration of mining capital, with a sectoral market capitalization of approximately US$600 billion, representing roughly 13% of the global mining market.[6]

Despite challenges following Brexit, the LSE regained its position as Europe’s largest stock market by total market value in 2024 and 2025, bolstered by a record-breaking performance in its flagship FTSE 100 index, which surpassed the 10,000-point milestone for the first time in early 2026.[7][8]

## History

### Coffee House

The Royal Exchange was founded by the English financier Thomas Gresham and Sir Richard Clough on the model of the Stock Exchange in Antwerp. It was opened by Queen Elizabeth I in 1571.[9][10]

In the 17th century, stockbrokers were not allowed in the Royal Exchange due to their perceived rude manners. They had to operate from other establishments in the vicinity, notably Jonathan's Coffee-House. At that coffee house, a broker named John Castaing started listing the prices of a few commodities including salt, coal, paper, and exchange rates in 1698. Originally, this was not a daily list and was only published a few days of the week.[11]

This list and activity was later moved to Garraway's coffee house. Public auctions during this period were conducted for the duration that a length of tallow candle could burn. These were known as "by inch of candle" auctions. As stocks grew, with new companies joining to raise capital, the royal court also raised some monies. These are the earliest evidence of organised trading in marketable securities in London.

### Royal Exchange

The Royal Exchange building in 1889 The Inside View of the Royal Exchange at London, 18th century The Royal Exchange in 1804

After Gresham's Royal Exchange building was destroyed in the Great Fire of London, it was rebuilt and re-established in 1669. This was a move away from coffee houses and a step towards the modern model of stock exchange.[12]

The Royal Exchange housed brokers, merchants and merchandise. This was the birth of a regulated stock market, which had teething problems in the shape of unlicensed brokers. In order to regulate these, Parliament passed an Act in 1697 that levied heavy penalties, both financial and physical, on those brokering without a licence. It set a fixed number of brokers, at 100, but this was later increased as the size of the trade grew.

This limit led to several problems, one of which was that traders began leaving the Royal Exchange, either by their own decision or through expulsion, and started dealing in the streets of London. The street in which they were now dealing was known as 'Exchange Alley', or 'Change Alley'; it was suitably placed close to the Bank of England. Parliament tried to regulate this and ban the unofficial traders from the Change streets.

Traders became weary of "bubbles" when companies rose quickly and fell, so they persuaded Parliament to pass a clause preventing "unchartered" companies from forming.

After the Seven Years' War (1756–1763), trade at Jonathan's Coffee House boomed again. In 1773, Jonathan, together with 150 other brokers, formed a club and opened a new and more formal "Stock Exchange" in Sweeting's Alley. This now had a set entrance fee, by which traders could enter the stock room and trade securities. It was not an exclusive location for trading, as trading also occurred in the Rotunda of the Bank of England. Fraud was also rife during these times and in order to deter such dealings, it was suggested that users of the stock room pay an increased fee. This was not met well and ultimately, the solution came in the form of annual fees and turning the Exchange into a Subscription room.

The Subscription room created in 1801 was the first regulated exchange in London, but the transformation was not welcomed by all parties. On the first day of trading, non-members had to be expelled by a constable. In spite of the disorder, a new and bigger building was planned at Capel Court.

William Hammond laid the first foundation stone for the new building on 18 May. It was finished on 30 December when "The Stock Exchange" was incised on the entrance.

### First Rule Book

London Stock Exchange in 1810

In the Exchange's first operating years, on several occasions there was no clear set of regulations or fundamental laws for the Capel Court trading. In February 1812, the General Purpose Committee confirmed a set of recommendations, which later became the foundation of the first codified rule book of the Exchange. Even though the document was not a complex one, topics such as settlement and default were, in fact, quite comprehensive.

With its new governmental commandments[13] and increasing trading volume, the Exchange was progressively becoming an accepted part of the financial life in the city. In spite of continuous criticism from newspapers and the public, the government used the Exchange's organised market (and would most likely not have managed without it) to raise the enormous amount of money required for the wars against Napoleon.

### Foreign and regional exchanges

After the war and facing a booming world economy, foreign lending to countries such as Brazil, Peru and Chile was a growing market. Notably, the Foreign Market at the Exchange allowed for merchants and traders to participate, and the Royal Exchange hosted all transactions where foreign parties were involved. The constant increase in overseas business eventually meant that dealing in foreign securities had to be allowed within all of the Exchange's premises.

Just as London enjoyed growth through international trade, the rest of Great Britain also benefited from the economic boom. Two other cities in particular showed great business development: Liverpool and Manchester. In 1836, both the Manchester and Liverpool stock exchanges were opened. Some stock prices sometimes rose by 10%, 20% or even 30% in a week. These were times when stockbroking was considered a real business profession, and such attracted many entrepreneurs. With booms came busts, and in 1835 the "Spanish panic" hit the markets, followed by a second one two years later.

### The Exchange before the World Wars

Debenture of The Stock Exchange, issued 1 January 1899

By June 1853, both participating members and brokers were taking up so much space that the Exchange was now uncomfortably crowded, and continual expansion plans were taking place. Having already been extended west, east, and northwards, it was decided that the Exchange needed an entire new establishment. Thomas Allason was appointed as the main architect. In March 1854, the new brick building inspired by the Great Exhibition stood ready. This was a huge improvement in both surroundings and space, with twice the floor space available.

By the late 1800s, the telephone, ticker tape, and the telegraph had been invented. Those new technologies led to a revolution in the work of the Exchange.

### First World War

Stock certificate of the London Stock Exchange, issued on 31 March 1920, declared as a qualification share. The capital of the Exchange from its incorporation consisted of 20,000 shares held only by its members, with trustees and directors required to hold 10 qualification shares.

As the financial centre of the world, both the City and the Stock Exchange were hit hard by the outbreak of World War I in 1914. Prices surged at first, due to fears that borrowed money was to be called in and that foreign banks would demand their loans or raise interest. The decision to close the Exchange for improved breathing space and to extend the August Bank Holiday to prohibit a run on banks, was hurried through by the committee and Parliament, respectively. The Stock Exchange ended up being closed from the end of July until the New Year, causing street business to be introduced again, as well as the "challenge system".

The Exchange was set to open again on 4 January 1915 under tedious restrictions: transactions were to be in cash only. Due to the limitations and challenges on trading brought by the war, almost a thousand members quit the Exchange between 1914 and 1918. When peace returned in November 1918, the mood on the trading floor was generally cowed. In 1923, the Exchange received its own coat of arms, with the motto Dictum Meum Pactum, My Word is My Bond.

### Second World War

In 1937, officials at the Exchange used their experiences from World War I to draw up plans for how to handle a new war. The main concerns included air raids and the bombing of the Exchange's perimeters. One suggestion was a move to Denham, Buckinghamshire. This never took place. On the first day of September 1939, the Exchange closed its doors "until further notice" and two days later World War II was declared. The Exchange opened its doors again six days later, on 7 September.

As the war escalated into its second year, the concerns for air raids were greater than ever. On the night of 29 December 1940, one of the greatest fires in London's history took place. The Exchange's floor was hit by a clutch of incendiary bombs, which were extinguished quickly. Trading on the floor was now drastically low and most was done over the phone to reduce the possibility of injuries.

The Exchange was only closed for one more day during wartime, in 1945 due to damage from a V-2 rocket. Trading continued in the house's basement.

### Post-war

The trading floor in 1955

After decades of uncertain if not turbulent times, stock market business boomed in the late 1950s. This spurred multiple officials to find new, more suitable accommodation. In 1967, work on the new Stock Exchange Tower began. The Exchange's new 321 feet (98 metres) high building had 26 storeys with council and administration at the top, and middle floors let out to affiliate companies. Queen Elizabeth II opened the building on 8 November 1972. It was a new City landmark, with its 23,000 sq ft (2,100 m2) trading floor.

The Stock Exchange Tower pictured from atop the National Westminster Tower in 1983

1973 marked a year of changes for the Stock Exchange. First, two trading prohibitions were abolished. A report from the Monopolies and Mergers Commission recommended the admittance of both women and foreign-born members on the floor. Second, in March the London Stock Exchange formally merged with the eleven British and Irish regional exchanges, including the Scottish Stock Exchange.[14]

This expansion led to the creation of a new position of chief executive officer; after an extensive search this post was given to Robert Fell. There were more governance changes in 1991, when the governing Council of the Exchange was replaced by a board of directors drawn from the Exchange's executive, customer, and user base; and the trading name became "The London Stock Exchange".

The FTSE 100 Index (pronounced "Footsie 100") was launched by a partnership of the Financial Times and the Stock Exchange on 3 January 1984. This turned out to be one of the most useful indices of all, and tracked the movements of the 100 leading companies listed on the Exchange.

### IRA bombing

Main article: Finance:London Stock Exchange bombing

On 20 July 1990, a bomb planted by the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) exploded in the men's toilets behind the visitors' gallery. The area had already been evacuated and nobody was injured.[15] About 30 minutes before the blast at 8:49 a.m., a man who said he was a member of the IRA told Reuters that a bomb had been placed at the exchange and was about to explode. Police officials said that if there had been no warning, the human toll would have been very high.[16] The explosion ripped a hole in the 23-storey building in Threadneedle Street and sent a shower of glass and concrete onto the street.[17] The long-term trend towards electronic trading platforms reduced the Exchange's attraction to visitors, and although the gallery reopened, it was closed permanently in 1992.

### "Big Bang"

Main article: Finance:Big Bang (financial markets)

The biggest event of the 1980s was the sudden de-regulation of the financial markets in the UK in 1986. The phrase "Big Bang" was coined to describe measures, including abolition of fixed commission charges and of the distinction between stockjobbers and stockbrokers on the London Stock Exchange, as well as the change from an open outcry to electronic, screen-based trading.

In 1995, the Exchange launched the Alternative Investment Market, the AIM, to allow growing companies to expand into international markets. Two years later, the Electronic Trading Service (SETS) was launched, bringing greater speed and efficiency to the market. Next, the CREST settlement service was launched.

### 21st century

In 2000, the LSE's shareholders voted to become a public limited company, London Stock Exchange plc. The LSE also transferred its role as the United Kingdom's listing authority to the Financial Services Authority.

EDX London, an international equity derivatives business, was created in 2003 in partnership with OM Group. The Exchange also acquired Proquote Limited, a new generation supplier of real-time market data and trading systems.

Paternoster Square; LSEG occupies the building that takes up much of the right side of this picture. London Stock Exchange office interior at Paternoster Square

The old Stock Exchange Tower became largely redundant with Big Bang, which deregulated many of the LSE's activities: computerised systems and dealing rooms replaced face-to-face trading. In 2004, the LSE moved to a brand-new headquarters in Paternoster Square, close to St Paul's Cathedral.

In 2007, the LSE merged with Borsa Italiana, creating London Stock Exchange Group (LSEG). The Group's headquarters are in Paternoster Square.

Paternoster Square was the initial target for the protesters of Occupy London on 15 October 2011. Attempts to occupy the square were thwarted by police.[18] Police sealed off the entrance to the square as it is private property, a High Court injunction having previously been granted against public access to the square.[19] The protesters moved nearby to occupy the space in front of St Paul's Cathedral.[20] The protests were part of the global Occupy movement.

On 25 April 2019, the final day of the Extinction Rebellion disruption in London, 13 activists glued themselves together in a chain, blocking the entrances of the LSE.[21][22] The protesters were all later arrested on suspicion of aggravated trespass.[22] Extinction Rebellion had said its protesters would target the financial industry "and the corrosive impacts of the ... sector on the world we live in" and activists also blocked entrances to HM Treasury and the Goldman Sachs office on Fleet Street.[23]

In 2019, the London Stock Exchange introduced the Green Economy Mark, a designation awarded to companies that derive at least 50% of their revenues from environmental or sustainable products and services, with more than 80 issuers receiving the mark by mid-2020.[24]

According to a 2020 Financial Conduct Authority report, approximately 15% of British adults reported having investments in stocks and shares.[25]

On 3 March 2022 the LSE declared it would suspend trading in GDR securities for Russian firms, subsequent to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[26]

## Activities

A crowd on the stock exchange floor, London, between 1910 and 1920

### Primary markets

There are two main markets on which companies trade on the LSE: the main market and the alternative investment market.

#### Main Market

The main market is home to over 1,300 large companies from 60 countries.[27] The FTSE 100 Index ("footsie") is the main share index of the 100 most highly capitalised British companies listed on the Main Market.[28]

#### Alternative Investment Market

The Alternative Investment Market is LSE's international market for smaller companies. A wide range of businesses including early-stage, venture capital-backed, as well as more-established companies join AIM seeking access to growth capital. The AIM is classified as a Multilateral Trading Facility (MTF) under the 2004 MiFID directive, and as such it is a flexible market with a simpler admission process for companies wanting to be publicly listed.[29]

### Secondary markets

The securities available for trading on LSE:[30]

* Common stock
* Bonds, including retail bonds§
* Derivatives
* Exchange-traded funds
* Debt securities
* Exchange-traded commodities
* Structured products
* Covered warrants
* Global depositary receipts (GDRs)
* Gilt-edged securities

## Post trade

Through the Exchange's Italian arm, Borsa Italiana, the London Stock Exchange Group offers clearing and settlement services for trades through Cassa di Compensazione e Garanzia (CC&G) and Monte Titoli.[31][32] It is the Groups Central Counterparty and covers multiple asset classes throughout the Italian equity, derivatives and bond markets.

CC&G also clears Turquoise derivatives. Monte Titoli is the pre-settlement, settlement, custody and asset services provider of the Group. Monte Titoli operates both on-exchange and OTC trades with over 400 banks and brokers.

## Technology

The LSE's trading platform is its own Linux-based edition named Millennium Exchange.[33]

Their previous trading platform TradElect was based on Microsoft's .NET Framework, and was developed by Microsoft and Accenture.[34]

In 2009, despite TradElect only being in use for about two years,[35] after suffering multiple periods of extended downtime and unreliability[36][37] the LSE announced that it was planning to switch to Linux in 2010.[38][39] In February 2011, the main market migration to MillenniumIT technology was successfully completed.[40]

In October 1997, the previous system, SETS, was introduced and used until 2007.[41]

The London Market Information Link, a COBOL application running on a HP Tandem server, was used to disseminate market data to terminals before being replaced by Infolect.[38]

The LSE hosts numerous Israeli tech companies,[42] which, according to the UK-Israel Tech Hub, have been instrumental in boosting its growth and fostering bilateral economic ties.[43] LSE CEO Julia Hoggett has commended the Israeli tech sector, highlighting the importance of high tech companies trading on the LSE.[44][45]

## Mergers and acquisitions

On 3 May 2000, it was announced that the LSE would merge with the Deutsche Börse; however this fell through.[46]

On 23 June 2007, the LSE announced that it had agreed on the terms of a recommended offer to the shareholders of the Borsa Italiana S.p.A. The merger of the two companies created a leading diversified exchange group in Europe. The combined group was named the London Stock Exchange Group, but still remained two separate legal and regulatory entities. One of the long-term strategies of the joint company is to expand Borsa Italiana's efficient clearing services to other European markets.

In 2007, after Borsa Italiana announced that it was exercising its call option to acquire full control of MBE Holdings; thus the combined Group would now control Mercato dei Titoli di Stato, or MTS. This merger of Borsa Italiana and MTS with LSE's existing bond-listing business enhanced the range of covered European fixed income markets.

In 2009, the London Stock Exchange Group acquired Turquoise, a Pan-European MTF.[47]

On 9 October 2020, the LSE agreed to sell the Borsa Italiana (including Borsa's bond trading platform MTS) to Euronext for €4.3 billion (£3.9 billion) in cash.[48] Euronext completed the acquisition of the Borsa Italiana Group on 29 April 2021, for a final price of €4,444 million.[49]

On 12 December 2022, Microsoft bought a nearly 4% stake in London Stock Exchange Group as part of a ten-year cloud deal.[50]

### NASDAQ bids

In December 2005, the LSE rejected a £1.6 billion takeover offer from Macquarie Bank. It described the offer as "derisory", a sentiment echoed by shareholders in the Exchange. Shortly after Macquarie withdrew its offer, the LSE received an unsolicited approach from NASDAQ valuing the company at £2.4 billion. This too it rejected. NASDAQ later pulled its bid, and less than two weeks later on 11 April 2006, struck a deal with LSE's largest shareholder, Ameriprise Financial's Threadneedle Asset Management unit, to acquire all of that firm's stake, consisting of 35.4 million shares, at £11.75 per share.[51]

NASDAQ purchased 2.69 million additional shares, resulting in a total stake of 15%. While the seller of those shares was undisclosed, it occurred simultaneously with a sale by Scottish Widows of 2.69 million shares.[52] The move was seen as an effort to force LSE to the negotiating table, as well as to limit the Exchange's strategic flexibility.[53]

Subsequent purchases increased NASDAQ's stake to 25.1%, holding off competing bids for several months.[54][55][56] United Kingdom financial rules required that NASDAQ wait for a period of time before renewing its effort. On 20 November 2006, within a month or two of the expiration of this period, NASDAQ increased its stake to 28.75% and launched a hostile offer at the minimum permitted bid of £12.43 per share, which was the highest NASDAQ had paid on the open market for its existing shares.[57] The LSE immediately rejected this bid, stating that it "substantially undervalues" the company.[58]

NASDAQ revised its offer, characterised as an "unsolicited" bid, rather than a "hostile takeover attempt", on 12 December 2006, indicating that it would be able to complete the deal with 50%, plus one share, of LSE's stock, rather than the 90% it had been seeking. The U.S. exchange did not raise its bid. Many hedge funds had accumulated large positions within the LSE, and many managers of those funds, as well as Furse, indicated that the bid was still not satisfactory. NASDAQ's bid was made more difficult because it had described its offer as "final", which, under British bidding rules, restricted their ability to raise its offer except under certain circumstances.

In the end, NASDAQ's offer was roundly rejected by LSE shareholders. Having received acceptances of only 0.41% of rest of the register by the deadline on 10 February 2007, Nasdaq's offer duly lapsed.[59]

On 20 August 2007, NASDAQ announced that it was abandoning its plan to take over the LSE and subsequently look for options to divest its 31% (61.3 million shares) shareholding in the company in light of its failed takeover attempt.[60] In September 2007, NASDAQ agreed to sell the majority of its shares to Borse Dubai, leaving the United Arab Emirates-based exchange with 28% of the LSE.[61]

### Proposed merger with TMX Group

On 9 February 2011, London Stock Exchange Group announced it had agreed to merge with the Toronto-based TMX Group, the owners of the Toronto Stock Exchange, creating a combined entity with a market capitalisation of listed companies equal to £3.7 trillion.[62] Xavier Rolet, CEO of the LSE Group at the time, would have headed the new enlarged company, while TMX Chief Executive Thomas Kloet would have become the new firm president. On 29 June 2011, the LSE Group however announced it was terminating the merger with TMX, citing that "LSEG and TMX Group believe that the merger is highly unlikely to achieve the required two-thirds majority approval at the TMX Group shareholder meeting".[63] Even though LSEG obtained the necessary support from its shareholders, it failed to obtain the required support from TMX's shareholders.

## Opening times

Normal trading sessions on the main orderbook (SETS) are from 08:00 to 16:30 local time every day of the week except Saturdays, Sundays and holidays declared by the exchange in advance. The detailed schedule is as follows:

1. Trade reporting 07:15–07:50
2. Opening auction 07:50–08:00
3. Continuous trading 08:00–16:30
4. Closing auction 16:30–16:35
5. Order maintenance 16:35–17:00
6. Trade reporting only 17:00–17:15

### Auction periods (SETQx)

SETSqx (Stock Exchange Electronic Trading Service – quotes and crosses) is a trading service for securities less liquid than those traded on SETS.[64]

The auction uncrossings are scheduled to take place at 8:00, 9:00, 11:00, 14:00, and 16:35.

Observed holidays are New Year's Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, May Bank Holiday, Spring Bank Holiday, Summer Bank Holiday, Christmas Day, and Boxing Day. If New Year's Day, Christmas Day, and/or Boxing Day falls on a weekend, the following working day is observed as a holiday.

## Arms

Coat of arms of Hyundai Motor Company  |

Adopted
10 September 1923
Crest
On a wreath of the colours, In front of a tower proper a lion passant guardant Or.
Escutcheon
Argent, a cross and in the first quarter a sword erect gules; on a chief of the second a balance Or.
Supporters
On either side a griffin sable, gorged with a mural crown Or.
Motto
DICTUM MEUM PACTUM.[65]

|

## See also

* List of stock exchanges
* List of stock exchanges in the Commonwealth of Nations
* List of stock exchanges in the United Kingdom, the British Crown Dependencies and United Kingdom Overseas Territories
* Stock Exchange forgery 1872–73
* TAURUS (share settlement)

## References

1. ↑ "Market Statistics - Focus (April 2023) The World Federation of Exchanges". World Federation of Exchanges. https://focus.world-exchanges.org/issue/april-2023/market-statistics.
2. ↑ "London Stock Exchange (LSE)". https://www.tradinghours.com/markets/lse.
3. ↑ Ph.D, James Royal (2025-07-31). "World’s 10 Largest Stock Exchanges By Market Capitalization" (in en-US). https://www.bankrate.com/investing/worlds-largest-stock-exchanges-biggest-by-market-capitalization/.
4. ↑ "History of London Stock Exchange Group" (in en). London Stock Exchange Group. http://www.lseg.com/about-london-stock-exchange-group/history.
5. ↑ "London Calling: Opportunities for US Companies on the London Stock Exchange" (in en). https://www.twobirds.com/en/insights/2025/uk/london-calling-opportunities-for-us-companies-on-the-london-stock-exchange.
6. ↑ "London Mining IPOs: Market Recovery & 2026 Outlook" (in en-US). https://discoveryalert.com.au/london-mining-ipo-market-2026/.
7. ↑ Jolly, Jasper; Wearden, Graeme (2024-06-17). "Paris loses spot as Europe’s largest equity market to London" (in en-GB). The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. https://www.theguardian.com/business/article/2024/jun/17/paris-loses-spot-europe-largest-equity-market-london.
8. ↑ Wearden, Graeme (2026-01-02). "FTSE 100 breaks 10,000 mark for first time, capping stellar year for UK market" (in en-GB). The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2026/jan/02/ftse-100-breaks-10000-uk-share-index.
9. ↑ "Royal Exchange, London". http://www.walklondon.com/london-attractions/royal-exchange.htm.
10. ↑ "Heritage | The Royal Exchange" (in en-US). http://www.theroyalexchange.co.uk/heritage/.
11. ↑ "St Paul's Institute: A Valuable Exchange at the Royal Exchange". http://www.stpaulsinstitute.org.uk/dialogue/tanya-barman/opinion/2012/jun/21/a-valuable-exchange-at-the-royal-exchange.
12. ↑ "Gresham Grasshopper, Royal Exchange, London – Insect Sculptures on Waymarking.com" (in en). http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM6R6Y_Gresham_Grasshopper_Royal_Exchange_London.
13. ↑ Ranald Michie (1999). The London Stock Exchange: A History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780191529344. https://books.google.com/books?id=ZCaQDwAAQBAJ&q=London Stock Exchange First Rule Book&pg=PA37. Retrieved 7 June 2019.
14. ↑ "Calls for Scotland to have its own stock exchange". Herald Scotland. 4 August 2010. http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/home-news/calls-for-scotland-to-have-its-own-stock-exchange-1.1045699.
15. ↑ "On This Day: 20 July 1990: IRA bombs Stock Exchange". BBC News. 20 July 1990. http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/20/newsid_2515000/2515667.stm.
16. ↑ FINEMAN, MARK (21 July 1990). "Bomb Blast Rips London's Stock Exchange; No Injuries Reported : Terrorism: Apparent IRA warning allows time to evacuate the building and surrounding area". Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-07-21-mn-170-story.html.
17. ↑ "London Stock Exchange Is Rocked by a Bombing". The New York Times. 21 July 1990. https://www.nytimes.com/1990/07/21/world/london-stock-exchange-is-rocked-by-a-bombing.html.
18. ↑ Davies, Caroline (16 October 2011). "Occupy London protest continues into second day". The Guardian (London). https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2011/oct/16/occupy-london-protest-second-day.
19. ↑ "Stock exchange occupation blocked". Media Wales (Wales). 15 October 2011. http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/uk-news/2011/10/15/stock-exchange-occupation-blocked-91466-29601928/.
20. ↑ "Occupy London: Protest continues for second day". BBC News (London). 16 October 2011. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-15324901.
21. ↑ Hope, Kate (25 April 2019). "Extinction Rebellion protesters glue themselves to London Stock Exchange". https://www.euronews.com/2019/04/25/extinction-rebellion-protesters-glue-themselves-to-london-stock-exchange.
22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 "Extinction Rebellion activists end London protests". 25 April 2019. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-48058177.
23. ↑ "Extinction Rebellion: London Stock Exchange blocked by climate activists". 25 April 2019. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-48049040.
24. ↑ Aitken, Roger (July 21, 2020). "TriplePundit • Across the Pond, the London Stock Exchange’s Green Economy Mark Gains Traction". https://triplepundit.com/2020/lses-green-economy-mark/.
25. ↑ Nisha Arora (11 February 2021). "Financial Lives 2020 survey: the impact of coronavirus". Financial Conduct Authority. https://www.fca.org.uk/publication/research/financial-lives-survey-2020.pdf.
26. ↑ "Russia's Novatek delists from LSE after trade suspension". https://www.reuters.com/markets/europe/russias-novatek-delists-lse-after-trade-suspension-2023-02-07/.
27. ↑ "London Stock Exchange". https://www.londonstockexchange.com/raise-finance/equity/main-market?tab=insights-and-reports&lang=en.
28. ↑ Lessambo, Felix I. (2021). International Finance: New Players and Global Markets. Springer. ISBN 9783030692322. https://books.google.com/books?id=6eAhEAAAQBAJ&q=The main market is home to over 1,300 large companies from 60 different countries. London Stock Exchange&pg=PA86. Retrieved 18 April 2021.
29. ↑ "AIM". Thomson Reuters. https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/8-107-6392?transitionType=Default&contextData=(sc.Default)&firstPage=true.
30. ↑ "SECURITY TYPES". London Stock Exchange. https://www.londonstockexchange.com/traders-and-brokers/security-types/security-types.htm.
31. ↑ CC&G - London Stock Exchange Group. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
32. ↑ Monte Titoli London Stock Exchange Group. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
33. ↑ Leo King (14 February 2011). "London Stock Exchange finished the switch to Linux". Computerworld UK. http://www.computerworlduk.com/news/open-source/3260727/london-stock-exchange-in-historic-linux-go-live/.
34. ↑ Ajay Shah (4 July 2009). "Microsoft inside the exchange". Blogspot. http://ajayshahblog.blogspot.com/2009/07/microsoft-inside-exchange.html.
35. ↑ "London Stock Exchange to replace Tradelect with Millennium". London: ComputerWeekly.com. 4 September 2009. http://www.computerweekly.com/news/1280090627/London-Stock-Exchange-to-replace-Tradelect-with-Millennium.
36. ↑ Rowena Mason (10 September 2008). "Seven-hour LSE blackout caused by double glitch". The Daily Telegraph (London). https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/markets/4676369/Seven-hour-LSE-blackout-caused-by-double-glitch.html.
37. ↑ "London Stock Exchange trading hit by technical glitch". BBC News. 26 November 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8380607.stm.
38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 David M. Williams (8 October 2009). "London Stock Exchange gets the facts and dumps Windows for Linux". ITWire. http://www.itwire.com/opinion-and-analysis/the-linux-distillery/28359-london-stock-exchange-gets-the-facts-and-dumps-windows-for-linux.
39. ↑ "London Stock Exchange Rejects .NET For Open Source". Slashdot. 6 October 2009. http://linux.slashdot.org/story/09/10/06/1742203/London-Stock-Exchange-Rejects-NET-For-Open-Source.
40. ↑ Stafford, Philip (14 February 2011). "LSE moves to faster UK trading system". Financial Times. ISSN 0307-1766. http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/8a87cf48-383e-11e0-8257-00144feabdc0.html.
41. ↑ "London Stock Exchange Announces Successful Implementation Of Infolect™ - The Fastest Exchange Information Delivery System In The World". 24 October 2005. https://mondovisione.com/media-and-resources/news/london-stock-exchange-announces-successful-implementation-of-infolect™-the-faste/.
42. ↑ News, Candice Krieger/Jewish (31 October 2024). "London has become a top destination of choice for Israeli companies" (in en). Ynetnews. https://www.ynetnews.com/business/article/hkt6exzwkx.
43. ↑ "Bilateral Relations". Embassy of Israel London. https://new.embassies.gov.il/england/en/the-embassy/bilateral-relations.
44. ↑ ""Israel is finding a phenomenal support base from the UK domestic investor base."" (in en). 11 September 2024. https://www.calcalistech.com/ctechnews/article/sjdqx716c.
45. ↑ "London Stock Exchange Welcomes Israel Tech Innovation Day 2024" (in en). London Stock Exchange. https://www.londonstockexchange.com/discover/news-and-insights/london-stock-exchange-welcomes-israel-tech-innovation-day-2024.
46. ↑ "2000: Leading stock exchanges plan merger". 3 May 2000. http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/3/newsid_2481000/2481359.stm.
47. ↑ "LSE confirms Turquoise acquisition talks". October 2009. https://www.thetradenews.com/lse-confirms-turquoise-acquisition-talks/.
48. ↑ "LSE agrees to sell Borsa Italiana to Euronext for €4.3 billion". 9 October 2020. https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-lse-borsa-italiana-m-a-idUKKBN26U0H7.
49. ↑ "Euronext today completes the acquisition of the Borsa Italiana Group and publishes Q1 2021 results". https://www.euronext.com/en/about/media/euronext-press-releases/acquisition-borsa-italiana-group-and-q1-2021-results.
50. ↑ "Microsoft buys near 4% stake in London Stock Exchange Group as part of 10-year cloud deal". 12 December 2022. https://www.cnbc.com/2022/12/12/microsoft-buys-near-4percent-stake-in-london-stock-exchange-and-launches-10-year-partnership.html.
51. ↑ Patrick, M.; Lucchetti, A.; Reilly, D.; Taylor, E. (11 April 2006). "Nasdaq Acquires 15% of LSE". The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB114477409808123029.
52. ↑ "Scottish Widows says has sold 2.7 mln LSE shares at 1,175 pence". Forbes. 12 April 2006. https://www.forbes.com/finance/feeds/afx/2006/04/12/afx2665242.html.
53. ↑ Ortega, E. (11 April 2006). "Nasdaq Buys 15 Percent Stake in LSE for $782 Million". Bloomberg News. https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000103&sid=aY106PolhKUQ&refer=us.
54. ↑ MacDonald, A.; Lucchetti, A. (4 May 2006). "In LSE Stakes, Nasdaq Advances, Euronext Falls". The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB114670228362743269.
55. ↑ Lucchetti, A.; MacDonald, A. (11 May 2006). "Nasdaq Lifts Its LSE Stake to 24%". The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB114729205685149301.
56. ↑ Goldsmith, B.; Elliott, M. (19 May 2006). "Nasdaq raises LSE stake, making rival bids harder". Reuters. http://today.reuters.com/business/newsArticle.aspx?type=bankingFinancial&storyID=nL1923903.
57. ↑ Lucchetti, A.; MacDonald, A. (20 November 2006). "Nasdaq Makes Bid to Buy Rest of London Stock Exchange". The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB116400769286328180.
58. ↑ "LSE rejects £2.7bn Nasdaq offer". BBC News. 20 November 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6164376.stm.
59. ↑ "Nasdaq fails in takeover bid for London Stock Exchange". International Herald Tribune. 11 February 2007. https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/11/business/worldbusiness/11iht-nasdaq.4549290.html.
60. ↑ "Sale Update". reuters.co.uk. 20 August 2007. http://investing.reuters.co.uk/news/articleinvesting.aspx?type=mergersNews&storyID=2007-08-20T091233Z_01_L2025258_RTRIDST_0_LSE-NASDAQ-SALE-UPDATE-1.XML.
61. ↑ Magnusson, N.; McSheehy, W. (20 September 2007). "Dubai to Buy Stakes in Nasdaq, LSE; Strikes OMX Deal". bloomberg.com. https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=aqzGAS7oAezg&refer=home.
62. ↑ "LSE agrees merger with TMX of Canada". BBC News. 9 February 2011. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-12400785.
63. ↑ "Announcement re LSEG/TMX Group merger – London Stock Exchange". Londonstockexchangegroup.com. http://www.londonstockexchangegroup.com/newsroom/2011pressreleases/lseannouncementrelsegtmxgroupmerger.htm.
64. ↑ "SETSqx and SEAQ". https://www.lseg.com/areas-expertise/our-markets/london-stock-exchange/equities-markets/trading-services/domestic-trading-services/setsqx.
65. ↑ "'London Stock Exchange'". https://www.heraldry-wiki.com/heraldrywiki/index.php?title=London_Stock_Exchange.

## Further reading

* Michie, R. C. (1999). The London Stock Exchange: A History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-829508-1.

## External links

* No URL found. Please specify a URL here or add one to Wikidata.
* Documents and clippings about Hyundai Motor Company in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW

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Nations,
regions,
cities|

| England|

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|

Northern
Ireland|

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Scotland|

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|

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* Category
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* v
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City of London

* City of London Corporation
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Wards|

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Notable
structures|

* 2 Hare Court
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* List of civil parishes in the City of London

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* Blackfriars Bridge
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Rail and
tube stations|

* Aldgate
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Topics|

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* at Grade I
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* Category

[ ⚑ ]  missing longitude (dec format) in {{Coord}}

0.00

(0 votes)

Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London Stock Exchange. Read more

|

Industry| Automotive
Founded| 29 December 1967; 58 years ago (1967-12-29)
Founder| Chung Ju-yung
Headquarters|

Seoul

South Korea

Area served

| Worldwide

Key people

* Chung Eui-sun (executive chairman)
* Jose Muñoz (President & CEO)
* SangYup Lee (Chief Designer)

Production output

|  4,146,335 vehicles[1][2][3] (2024)
Revenue|  ₩175.23 trillion[4] (2024)

Operating income

|  ₩14.24 trillion[4] (2024)

Net income

|  ₩13.23 trillion[4] (2024)
Total assets|  ₩339.8 trillion[4] (2024)
Total equity|  ₩120.28 trillion[4] (2024)
Owners|

* Hyundai Mobis (22.36%)[4]
* National Pension Service (7.31%)[4]
* Chung Mong-koo (5.57%)[4]
* Chung Eui-sun (2.73%)[4]

[lower-alpha 1]

Number of employees

| 126,407[5] (2024)
Parent| Hyundai Motor Group
Divisions|

* Genesis
* Ioniq

Subsidiaries|

List

* Hyundai Motor India
Hyundai Motors Indonesia
Hyundai Motor America
Hyundai of Canada
Hyundai Motor of South America
Hyundai do Brasil
Hyundai China
Beijing Hyundai
Hyundai Japan
Hyundai Motor Philippines
Hyundai Motor Europe

Website| hyundai.com

1. REDIRECT Template:Infobox Korean/auto

| This page is a redirect. The following categories are used to track and monitor this redirect:

* From a page move: This is a redirect from a page that has been moved (renamed). This page was kept as a redirect to avoid breaking links, both internal and external, that may have been made to the old page name.

When appropriate, protection levels are automatically sensed, described and categorized.

|

Hyundai Motor Company, often referred to as Hyundai Motors (Korean: 현대자동차) and commonly known as Hyundai (Template:Korean/auto), is a South Korean multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Seoul, South Korea, which was founded in 1967. Currently, the company owns 33.88 percent of Kia Corporation,[6] and owns a luxury cars subsidiary, Genesis.[7] The three brands altogether make up the Hyundai Motor Group.

Hyundai operates the second largest automobile manufacturing facility in the world in Ulsan, South Korea which has an annual production capacity of 1.6 million units.[8] The company employs approximately 75,000 people worldwide. Hyundai vehicles are sold in 193 countries through 5,000 dealerships and showrooms.[9] As of November 2024, Hyundai is the world's third-largest carmaker in terms of production, behind competitors Toyota and Volkswagen.[10][11]

A Hyundai dealership in ‎⁨Burlington, Vermont

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 Traded instruments
* 3 Trading hours
* 4 See also
* 5 References
* 6 External links
* 7 History
* 7.1 Coffee House
* 7.2 Royal Exchange
* 7.3 First Rule Book
* 7.4 Foreign and regional exchanges
* 7.5 The Exchange before the World Wars
* 7.6 First World War
* 7.7 Second World War
* 7.8 Post-war
* 7.9 IRA bombing
* 7.10 "Big Bang"
* 7.11 21st century
* 8 Activities
* 8.1 Primary markets
* 8.1.1 Main Market
* 8.1.2 Alternative Investment Market
* 8.2 Secondary markets
* 9 Post trade
* 10 Technology
* 11 Mergers and acquisitions
* 11.1 NASDAQ bids
* 11.2 Proposed merger with TMX Group
* 12 Opening times
* 12.1 Auction periods (SETQx)
* 13 Arms
* 14 See also
* 15 References
* 16 Further reading
* 17 External links
* 18 History
* 18.1 Early years
* 18.2 Overseas expansion
* 18.3 Design and quality improvements
* 18.4 2020–present
* 19 Design emphasis
* 20 Research and development
* 21 Regional operations
* 21.1 North America
* 21.1.1 United States
* 21.1.1.1 Supernal
* 21.1.2 Canada
* 21.1.3 Mexico
* 21.2 South America
* 21.2.1 Brazil
* 21.3 Asia
* 21.3.1 China
* 21.3.1.1 Hawtai partnership
* 21.3.1.2 Commercial vehicles
* 21.3.2 India
* 21.3.3 Bangladesh
* 21.3.4 Japan
* 21.3.5 Philippines
* 21.3.6 Indonesia
* 21.3.7 Vietnam
* 21.3.8 Turkey
* 21.3.9 Malaysia
* 21.4 Europe
* 21.4.1 Germany
* 21.4.2 Czech Republic
* 21.4.3 Russia
* 21.5 Africa
* 21.5.1 Southern Africa
* 21.5.2 Egypt
* 22 Product line
* 22.1 Cars
* 22.2 Crossovers/SUVs
* 22.3 Hybrid and electric vehicles
* 22.4 Hydrogen vehicles
* 22.5 Light commercial vehicles
* 22.6 Trucks and buses
* 23 Partnerships
* 24 Heavy industries
* 25 Motorsport
* 26 Marketing
* 26.1 Corporate social responsibility
* 26.2 Sports sponsorship
* 26.3 Other sponsorships
* 27 Board of directors
* 27.1 Previous Chairmans
* 28 Finances
* 29 Scandals and controversies
* 29.1 Inflated fuel economy numbers
* 29.2 Wrongly advertised engine and horsepower
* 29.3 Marketing controversy
* 29.4 Vehicle security vulnerability
* 29.5 U.S. child labor allegations
* 30 Slogans
* 30.1 United States
* 31 See also
* 32 Notes
* 33 References
* 34 External links

## History

### Early years

1982 Hyundai Pony

Chung Ju-yung (1915–2001) founded the Hyundai Engineering and Construction Company in 1947. Hyundai Motor Company was founded in 1967 with his brother Chung Se-yung.[12] and the company's first model, the Cortina, was released in cooperation with Ford Motor Company in 1968.[13] When Hyundai wanted to develop their own car, they hired George Turnbull in February 1974, the former managing director of Austin Morris at British Leyland. He in turn hired five other top British car engineers. They were body designer Kenneth Barnett, engineers John Simpson and Edward Chapman, John Crosthwaite, formerly of BRM, as chassis engineer and Peter Slater as chief development engineer.[14][15][16][17] In 1975, the Pony, the first South Korean car, was released, with styling by Giorgio Giugiaro of Italdesign and powertrain technology provided by Japan's Mitsubishi Motors. Exports began in the following year to Ecuador and soon thereafter to the Benelux countries. Hyundai entered the British market in 1982, selling 2993 cars in their first year there.[18]

In 1984, Hyundai began exporting the Pony to Canada, but not to the United States, as the Pony would not pass emissions standards there. Canadian sales greatly exceeded expectations, and it was at one point the top-selling car on the Canadian market. In 1985, the one millionth Hyundai car was built.[19] Until the 1986 introduction of the larger Hyundai Grandeur, Hyundai offered a locally assembled Ford Granada for the South Korean executive market. The import of these knocked down kits was permitted as long as Hyundai exported five cars for every single Granada brought in (the same demands were placed on Kia).[20]

### Overseas expansion

In 1986, Hyundai began to sell cars in the United States, and the Excel was nominated as "Best Product #10" by Fortune magazine, largely because of its affordability. The company began to produce models with its own technology in 1988, beginning with the midsize Sonata. In the spring of 1990, aggregate production of Hyundai automobiles reached the four million mark.[19] In 1991, the company succeeded in developing its first proprietary gasoline engine, the four-cylinder Alpha, and also its own transmission, thus paving the way for technological independence.

In 1996, Hyundai Motor India Limited was established with a production plant in Irungattukottai near Chennai, India.[21]

In 1998, after a shake-up in the South Korean auto industry caused by overambitious expansion and the Asian financial crisis, Hyundai acquired the majority of rival Kia Motors.[6]

### Design and quality improvements

In 1998, Hyundai began to overhaul its image in an attempt to establish itself as a world-class brand. Chung Ju-yung transferred leadership of Hyundai Motor to his son, Chung Mong-koo, in 1999.[22] Hyundai's parent company, Hyundai Motor Group, invested heavily in the quality, design, manufacturing, and long-term research of its vehicles. It added a 10-year or 100,000-mile (160,000 km) warranty to cars sold in the United States and launched an aggressive marketing campaign.

In 2004, Hyundai was ranked second in "initial quality" in a survey/study by J.D. Power and Associates in North America.[23][24] Hyundai is now one of the top 100 most valuable brands worldwide according to Interbrand.[25] Since 2002, Hyundai has also been one of the worldwide official sponsors of the FIFA World Cup.

The world's largest automobile manufacturing plant in Ulsan, South Korea, produces over 1.6 million vehicles annually.

In 2004, Hyundai Motor Company had $57.2 billion in sales in South Korea making it the country's second largest corporation, or chaebol, after Samsung. Worldwide sales in 2005 reached 2,533,695 units, an 11 percent increase over the previous year.

In 2006, the South Korean government initiated an investigation of Chung Mong-koo's practices as head of Hyundai, suspecting him of corruption. On 28 April 2006, Chung was arrested, and charged for embezzlement of 100 billion South Korean won (US$106 million).[26] As a result, Hyundai vice chairman and CEO, Kim Dong-jin, replaced him as head of the company.

In 2011, Hyundai sold 4.05 million cars worldwide and the Hyundai Motor Group was the world's fourth largest automaker behind GM, Volkswagen and Toyota.[27][28] On 30 September 2011, Yang Seung-suk announced his retirement as CEO of Hyundai Motor Co. In the interim replacement period, Chung Mong-koo and Kim Eok-jo divided the duties of the CEO position.[29]

In 2014, Hyundai started an initiative to focus on improving vehicle dynamics in its vehicles and hired Albert Biermann, former Vice President of Engineering at BMW M, to direct chassis development for Hyundai vehicles, stating: "The company intends to become a technical leader in ride and handling, producing vehicles that lead their respective segments for driver engagement."[30]

### 2020–present

On 14 October 2020, Euisun Chung was inaugurated as the new chairman of the Hyundai Motor Group. His father, Chung Mong-koo, has been made Honorary Chairman.[31]

In April 2021, the company said that its profits rose by 187%, the highest rise in four years. The company recorded a profit of $1.16 billion from the beginning of 2021 until March.[32]

In May 2023, Hyundai established a joint venture with LG Energy Solution to manufacture electric vehicle batteries in the US.[33][34]

In October 2024, Hyundai Motor said it had signed a 610-gigawatt-hour (GWh) power purchase agreement (PPA) with SK E&S and other partners, the latest in its renewable energy transition efforts.[35] In November 2024, the company announced that its Global Chief Operating Officer, Jose Munoz will hold the new role of global co-CEO beginning 1 January 2025.[36] Munoz will be the first foreigner to hold such a high executive post in a giant South Korean conglomerate. The promotion is said to be credited to Munoz's resilience and strategies in pushing for record sales in the North America region.[11]

## Design emphasis

Hyundai Le Fil Rouge concept car

Hyundai's Fluidic Sculpture design philosophy,[37] heavily inspired by nature, was introduced in the early 2000s.[38][39] In 2006, Hyundai hired Thomas Bürkle as head of the company's design center in Rüsselsheim, Germany. Bürkle had previously worked for BMW, having designed the BMW 3 Series (E46), and the BMW 6 Series (E63).[40][41]

In 2018, the company announced the Sensuous Sportiness next-generation design direction. The design philosophy was unveiled at the 2018 Geneva Motor Show demonstrated by the Le Fil Rouge concept car, and has been rolled out into their recent models, ranging from sedans to SUVs. The front grille was first introduced with the 2022 NX4 Generation Tucson.[42] The Sensuous Sportiness design identity and strategy has won Design Management Institute's (DMI) Design Value Award 2020.[43]

In 2024, Hyundai showcased a new design language called ‘Art of Steel’ with its Intium hydrogen fuel cell electric concept vehicle.[44][45] Under this philosophy, Hyundai unveiled the Concept THREE in 2025, which featured sharper lines.[46][47]

## Research and development

Hyundai has six research and development centers, located in South Korea (three offices), Germany, Japan and India. Additionally, a center in California develops designs for the United States.[48]

Hyundai established the Hyundai Design Center in Fountain Valley, California in 1990. The center moved to a new $30 million facility in Irvine, California in 2003, and was renamed the Hyundai Kia Motors Design and Technical Center. The facility also housed Hyundai America Technical Center, Inc, a subsidiary responsible for all engineering activities in the U.S. for Hyundai. Hyundai America Technical Center moved to its new 200,000-square-foot (19,000 m2), $117 million headquarters in Superior Township, Michigan (near Ann Arbor) in 2005.[49]

In 2004, Hyundai America Technical Center completed construction of its Hyundai/Kia proving ground in California City, California. The 4,300-acre (17 km2) facility is located in the Mojave Desert and features a 6.4-mile (10.3 km) oval track,[8] a Vehicle Dynamics Area, a vehicle-handling course inside the oval track, a paved hill road, and several special surface roads. A 30,000-square-foot (2,800 m2) complex featuring offices and indoor testing areas is located on the premises as well. The facility was built at a cost of $50 million.

In the 2021 review of WIPO's annual World Intellectual Property Indicators Hyundai ranked as 4th in the world for its 141 industrial design registrations being published under the Hague System during 2020.[50] This position is up on their previous 7th-place ranking for 57 industrial design registrations being published in 2019.[51]

## Regional operations

Top 10 Hyundai and Genesis vehicle production by country, 2024[52] Rank  | Country  | Vehicle
production
(by units)

|
|

1  |  South Korea  | 1,862,403
2  |  India  | 764,108
3  |  United States  | 361,073
4  |  Czech Republic  | 326,660
5  |  Turkey  | 245,660
6  |  Brazil  | 214,130
7  |  China  | 169,765
8  |  Indonesia  | 85,052
9  |  Vietnam  | 56,889
10  |  Mexico  | 16,490

Hyundai has invested in manufacturing plants in USA, India, the Czech Republic, Russia, China and Turkey as well as research and development centers in Europe, Asia, North America and the Pacific Rim.

### North America

Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama

#### United States

Hyundai Motor America headquarters in Fountain Valley, California

Hyundai Motor America began selling cars in the United States on 20 February 1986, with a single model, the Hyundai Excel. That year, Hyundai set a record of selling the most automobiles in its first year of business in the United States compared to any other car brand; total sales in 1986 were 168,882.[53]

Initially well received, the Excel's faults soon became apparent; cost-cutting measures caused reliability to suffer. With an increasingly poor reputation for quality, Hyundai sales plummeted, and many dealerships either earned their profits on repairs or abandoned the product. At one point, Hyundai became the butt of many jokes (i.e. Hyundai stands for "Hope you understand nothing's driveable and inexpensive").[54]

In response, Hyundai began investing heavily in the quality, design, manufacturing, and long-term research of its vehicles. The company added free maintenance for the first 2 years or 24,000 miles for all its new cars sold, starting with the 1992 model year. It also added a 10-year or 100,000-mile (160,000 km) powertrain warranty (known as the Hyundai Advantage) to its vehicles sold in the United States.[55]

Hyundai incorporated a new manufacturing facility, Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama, in April 2002. The new plant in Montgomery, Alabama, was completed during 2004, at a cost of $1.7 billion. Production started in May 2005. It employed more than 3,000 workers in 2012.[56]

By 2004, sales had dramatically increased, and the reputation of Hyundai cars improved. In 2004, Hyundai tied with Honda for initial brand quality in a survey/study from J.D. Power and Associates, for having 102 problems per 1000 vehicles. This made Hyundai second in the industry, only behind Toyota, for initial vehicle quality. The company continued this tradition by placing third overall in J.D. Power's 2006 Initial Quality Survey, behind only Porsche and Lexus.[57]

In 2009, the Hyundai Genesis luxury sedan was named 2009 North American Car of the Year, the first for Hyundai.[58] It also won the 2009 Canadian Car of the Year after winning its category of Best New Luxury Car under $50,000.[59] The Hyundai's V8 Tau engine in the Genesis received 2009 Ward's 10 Best Engines award.[60]

In January 2012, the Hyundai Elantra was named the North American Car of the Year at the North American International Auto Show, selling more than 200,000 cars since the model's redesigned debut.[61]

##### Supernal

Supernal

{{{1}}}

Industry| Urban air mobility
Founded| 2020
Headquarters|

Washington, D.C.

Parent| Hyundai Motor Company
Website| supernal.aero

The Hyundai Motor Company established Supernal, an urban air mobility (UAM) subsidiary, in the United States in 2020.[62][63] The name means "Best Quality" and "Heavenly".[64] On 8 November 2023, Hyundai announced plans to build a plant in the US to produce flying taxis.[65] As of February 2025, a full-scale technology demonstrator was undergoing ground testing.[66]

The prototype uses wingtip tilting rotors and four propellers fixed on booms that connect the wing to a "Bronco tail"—named after the Rockwell OV-10 Bronco tail. In 2023, Supernal established its headquarters in Washington, D.C.,[67] its research and development facility is in Fremont, California,[68] and its engineering headquarters is in Irvine, California.[69][70]

#### Canada

Hyundai Auto Canada office in Markham

In 1989, Hyundai Auto Canada Inc. opened a stamping and assembly plant in Bromont, Quebec, employing 800. The plant cost $387.7 million, with Quebec and Canadian federal government subsidies of $131 million.[71] The plant was designed to manufacture approximately 2000 Hyundai Sonatas per week.[71] Subsequently, Chrysler and Hyundai considered a joint venture that would have Chrysler rebranding the Sonata manufactured at Bromont – only to later announce the deal had failed.[72] The Bromont plant was operational for four years before it closed – with Hyundai's sales unable to support the plant. With boost in sales in 2009, Hyundai Auto Canada Inc. is currently planning to build a new plant in Canada and resume production in Canada.[73] Hyundai subsequently sold the plant,[73] which was eventually purchased by Olymbec inc, a Quebec real estate developer. Hyundai is the No. 1 import car brand in Canada without a local plant. Sales over 100,000 cars-per-year mark in 2012.[74]

#### Mexico

Hyundai Motor Mexico entered the Mexican market in 2014 with the imported vehicles such as Grand i10, the Elantra, and the ix35.[75] Soon afterwards, the Hyundai Sonata joined the lineup. Prior to the introduction of the Hyundai brand for non-commercial vehicles, Hyundai passenger vehicles, light-duty cargo vans, and passenger vans were distributed by Chrysler de México, branded as Dodge.[76][77]

### South America

#### Brazil

Hyundai HB20, the first model exclusively introduced for the Brazilian market. 'HB' in HB20 stands for Hyundai Brasil.[78]

In October 2012, Hyundai launched a new small bi-fuel car, the HB20, designed specifically for the Brazilian mass-market. The car was developed under the "Projeto HB" (Hyundai Brazil) project, and is built at a new Hyundai factory in Brazil, located in Piracicaba, São Paulo.[79] The plant is the first wholly owned Hyundai plant in Latin America. With an investment of around R$1.2 billion, the plant has the capacity to produce 180,000 cars per year under three shifts.

Hyundai vehicles have also been produced in Brazil by local partner, Caoa Group at a plant located in Anápolis, Goiás. Production here started with the HR model in 2007, and continued with the Tucson in 2010, the HD78 truck in 2011, and the ix35 in 2013.[80]

### Asia

#### China

Hyundai formed a 50-50 joint venture with Beijing Automotive Group since 2002 to produce cars in China.[81] The joint venture is called Beijing Hyundai, which also manufactures several models which are exclusive to the Chinese market.[82] It began operations in China by producing Sonata in December 2002.[83] The joint venture sold 700,000 passenger cars in 2010, 855,995 car sales in 2012, and 2014 saw the company sell 1,120,000 vehicles.[84][85][86] At its peak, the company had five plants: three located in Beijing, one in Hubei, and one in Chongqing.[87][88]

Hyundai cars sold well in China until 2016, when sales fell by half because of their over-reliance on sedans, poor brand images and local Chinese automakers compete with price-competitive SUVs.[89] It marked the start of a slump that continued into 2019, when the company announced plans to cut jobs in the region.[90]

##### Hawtai partnership

Between 2002 and 2010,[91][92] Hawtai Motor had produced Chinese-market versions of the Hyundai Matrix,[93] the Hyundai Santa Fe[91][94] and the Hyundai Terracan.[91][94] The Santa Fe was the fifth most-purchased SUV in China in 2010,[95] and some of Hawtai's versions may greatly differ from those sold in other markets.[96] Hyundai ended its partnership with Hawtai in 2010.[97]

##### Commercial vehicles

In October 2010, Hyundai signed an agreement with Sichuan Nanjun Automobile on setting up a commercial vehicle joint venture called Sichuan Hyundai Motor Co. Ltd.[98]

#### India

Hyundai's manufacturing plant at Irungattukottai near Chennai, India

Hyundai Motor India Limited (HMIL) was formed on 6 May 1996. During the entry of Hyundai in 1996, fellow South Korean Daewoo had entered the Indian automobile market just three years before, while Ford, Opel and Honda had entered less than a year back. Hyundai's first car in the country, the Hyundai Santro was launched on 23 September 1998 and was considered a success. It became the second best-selling car in the country from 2000.[99]

Hyundai has two manufacturing plants in India located at Sriperumbudur in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Both plants have a combined annual capacity of 600,000 units. In the year 2007, Hyundai opened its R&D facility in Hyderabad, employing now nearly 450 engineers from different parts of the country. Hyundai Motor India Engineering (HMIE) gives technical & engineering support in vehicle development to Hyundai's main R&D centre in Namyang, Korea. Hyundai is currently the second largest auto exporter from India.[100][101] It is making India the global manufacturing base for small cars.[102]

A stamp released to commemorate the 20th anniversary of Hyundai in India

In June 2017, The Competition Commission of India imposed ₹87 crore ($13.6 million) penalty for unfair business practices with respect to providing discounts for cars.[103]

#### Bangladesh

Hyundai vehicles are assembled in Bangladesh with local partner, Fair Technology. Its manufacturing plant in Bangabandhu Hi-Tech Park was opened on 19 January 2023. The current focus is on importing completely knocked down (CKD) parts and assembling those in the facility. The plant is expected to manufacture 10,000 cars per year.[104]

#### Japan

Hyundai Customer Experience Center in Yokohama, Japan

Hyundai started to market its vehicles in 2001.[105] Despite having growing sales worldwide, Hyundai struggled in Japan, having sold only 15,095 passenger cars from 2001 to 2009.[106][107] Following an announcement in November 2009, Hyundai pulled their passenger car division out of the Japanese market and focused on their commercial vehicle division instead.[106]

According to the newspaper The Chosun Ilbo, the reason for Hyundai's failure in the car market was due to the company's inability to recognize the value of small cars due to parking spaces. For instance, actor Bae Yong-joon was hired to endorse the mid-sized Sonata in Japan to appeal to housewives who watched the drama Winter Sonata in 2003.[108] In addition, the Sonata was priced too similarly to its Japanese rivals, which resulted in poor sales.[109][107] The company said that it is possible for them to come back to Japan fully if market conditions continue to improve.[110]

On 9 February 2022, Hyundai announced a comeback to Japan by marketing eco-friendly vehicles like the Ioniq 5 and Nexo with pre-orders from May 2022 for delivery beginning in July 2022 under the company name Hyundai Mobility Japan.[111] As of 2022, Hyundai Mobility Japan operates an office and R&D center in Yokohoma.[112] In addition, they only operate their sales through online means only.[105]

#### Philippines

Hyundai first entered the Philippine market with the Hyundai Excel compact car and the Hyundai Grace van in the early 1990s, later introducing the Hyundai Starex and the second generation Hyundai Elantra towards the end of the decade. Hyundai Asia Resources, Inc. (HARI) was the distributor of Hyundai passenger cars and currently the official distributor of Hyundai commercial vehicles in the country.[113] The company was appointed by Hyundai Motor Company of South Korea in August 2001 as the official distributor of Hyundai vehicles in the Philippines. In early 2022, Hyundai Motor Philippines, Inc. (HMPH) became the official distributor of Hyundai passenger cars in the country after the company took over its passenger car operations from HARI,[114] It started their operations on 1 June 2022.[115]

#### Indonesia

Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Indonesia, Hyundai's largest manufacturing plant in Southeast Asia

In November 2019, Hyundai announced that it is building the first wholly owned Southeast Asian car plant located in Indonesia.[116] Known as Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Indonesia (HMMI), it is built in Cikarang, Bekasi and will fully operate in the second half of 2021 with the annual capacity of 150,000 vehicles.[117] Half of the output would be exported to the neighbouring countries in Southeast Asia.[118] A total of US$1.55 billion (Rp 21.7 trillion) would be invested to the plant along with the future product developments until 2030.[119] HMMI would produce a region-specific compact MPV among other models.

#### Vietnam

In Vietnam, Hyundai operates as a joint venture with Thanh Cong Group, establishing Hyundai Thanh Cong Vietnam (HTV).[120][121][122] According to the data of the Vietnam Association of Automobile Manufacturers (VAMA), Hyundai was the best-selling car brand in Vietnam in 2023 with 67,450 vehicles sold,[123] followed by Toyota with 57,414 vehicles,[124] and Kia with 40,773 vehicles.[125]

#### Turkey

In September 1997, Hyundai opened a manufacturing plant in Turkey, located in İzmit, Kocaeli Province. The facility, named Hyundai Assan Otomotiv, was built as a 50-50% joint venture between the Hyundai Motor Company and the Kibar Holding of Turkey, the first stage investment raising to US$180 million.[126] It currently has an annual production capacity of 125,000 units and it manufactured the Accent, the H-100, the Starex, the Matrix and since 2010, the i20.[127] In May 2013, Hyundai Turkey Izmit plant capacity was increased to up to 200,000 units with 470 million Euro investment. The i10 and i20 were started to be produced in the plant.[128]

#### Malaysia

In November 2024, it was reported that Hyundai Motor will be investing RM2.16 billion to set up a manufacturing plant in Kulim, Kedah. It is the largest investment by the South Korean automakers in the country to date. The plant is anticipated to produce 7 models within the space of 5 years and is scheduled to open for business in 2025.[129]

### Europe

#### Germany

Hyundai has been operating an R&D centre in Frankfurt, Germany since 1994,[130] that has been responsible for monitoring technology developments in Europe and designing and engineering new cars for the European market.[131] In September 2003, the company opened its new European headquarters in Rüsselsheim, after an investment worth 50 million euro.[132] The site became the new location for the R&D centre and for the world rally team of the company.[133]

#### Czech Republic

In November 2008, Hyundai opened its European plant in Nošovice, Czech Republic, following an investment of over 1 billion euros and over two years of construction.[134][135] The plant, which mainly manufactures the i30, ix20, ix35 for the European market, has an annual capacity of 300,000 cars.[136] The new Hyundai plant is 90 kilometres north of Kia Motors' Žilina Plant in Slovakia.

#### Russia

In Russia, the production of the Hyundai Accent, Sonata, Elantra and Santa Fe models has been taking place at the TagAZ plant,[137] located in Taganrog, since 2001,[138] in the form of complete knock-down kits assembly.[139] Since 2006, the factory has also been assembling the Hyundai Porter,[137] County, Aero Town and the HD 500 commercial vehicles.[138] In June 2008, Hyundai started the construction of a new manufacturing plant in Saint Petersburg with a planned yearly capacity of 100,000 cars,[140] that will eventually be increased to 200,000 units.[141] It started mass production in January 2011,[141] with two models: the Hyundai Solaris and the Kia Rio.[142] In September 2021, Hyundai Wia division opened a car engine manufacturing plant in Saint Petersburg, the biggest in Russia and the fifth in the world. The new plant is designed to produce about 330.000 engines for Hyundai Solaris and Creta as well as for Kia Rio by the end of the year 2021. The construction of the plant began in December 2019.[143][144] In 2022, the company's revenue amounted to 112 billion rubles.[145] In January 2024 Hyundai sold its two plants in Russia, enabling the company to exit the Russian market at a cost of $214.7 million.[146]

### Africa

#### Southern Africa

In Botswana, the assembly of Hyundai Accent, Sonata, and Elantra models was undertaken by the Motor Company of Botswana at their Gaborone plant, since February 1993, in the form of complete knock-down kits. Almost all of the finished vehicles were exported across Botswana's border to South Africa, where the vast majority of dealerships are situated.

#### Egypt

Hyundai cars are also manufactured in Egypt, the local manufacturer is the Ghabbour Group, which is located in Cairo. They have a big model range and offers sports models of some car models which are only offered on the Egypt market. Formerly, the company had assembled vehicles such as the Verna.

## Product line

Hyundai produces sedans, hatchbacks, crossover SUVs, vans, pickups, heavy trucks and buses in numerous plants worldwide.

### Cars

Best-selling Hyundai models in 2024[52] Rank  | Model  | Global sales

|
|

1  | Tucson | 634,297
2  | Elantra / Avante / i30 Sedan | 368,402
3  | Creta/Alcazar | 348,740
4  | Kona/Kauai | 285,233
5  | Santa Fe | 279,886
6  | i10/Xcent/Aura | 279,687
7  | Venue | 192,027
8  | i20 | 169,013
9  | Sonata | 167,634
10  | Palisade | 165,745

Its top-selling sedan, according to the company's sales data in 2021 was the Elantra (Avante in South Korea), which recorded 380,907 units. This model was produced in several plants, including in South Korea, United States, China, among others. Another popular sedan model is the Accent/Verna, which is popular in emerging markets including China, India, Middle East, as well as developed markets like North America. This model ceased to be produced in South Korea in 2019, as its production base were moved to Mexico and India.[147]

Other sedan models are the mid-size Sonata, executive Grandeur, and several China-oriented models which consist of Reina, Celesta, Lafesta, and Mistra.

Some hatchback models developed by Hyundai have been divided into models developed to cater to the Indian market and the European market. Both the i10 and i20 are models built in India and Europe, with several changes between the Indian and European versions to ensure the model could fit according to each market. Other hatchback models include the entry-level Santro first introduced in 1998 for the Indian market, i30 C-segment car for developed markets, the HB20 for the Brazilian market, and the hatchback version of Accent for markets outside India and Europe.

### Crossovers/SUVs

The Tucson is currently the best-selling Hyundai vehicle.

Hyundai entered the crossover SUV market early with the Santa Fe in 2000, followed by the smaller Tucson in 2004. The Santa Fe was a huge hit with American and European markets, despite receiving criticism in the past for Hyundai's obscure looks. It quickly became Hyundai's best seller and was one of the reasons Hyundai survived despite having their sales declined.[148] As of 2020, Hyundai has sold more than 5,260,000 units of Santa Fe globally.[149]

The first-generation Tucson shared its Elantra-based platform with the Kia Sportage. In most countries apart from South Korea and the United States, the Tucson was retired for the Hyundai ix35 from 2009 to 2015. However, the Tucson name was restored for the third generation, where it was to be used across all markets. It was unveiled at the Geneva Motor Show in 2015.[148] The Tucson is the fourth best-selling SUV in the world in 2020, with a total sales of 451,703 units, below the Toyota RAV4, Honda CR-V, and Volkswagen Tiguan.[150][151]

By mid-2010s, Hyundai moved into developing smaller crossover SUV models, starting from the Creta (ix25 in China) from 2014, and the Kona in 2017. The Kona is also consisted of a hybrid electric and a pure battery electric variant. By 2019, both model became the third and fourth-best selling vehicle of the brand, while the Creta has been the best-selling SUV in Russia since 2016,[152][153][154] and India in 2020.[155] In 2021, Hyundai released its first crossover SUV model in the South Korean light car segment, the Casper. It is the first venture of the brand in the segment in 15 years, and also the smallest automobile the brand produces of any kind.[156]

Currently, Hyundai produces 12 crossover SUV models for different markets.

### Hybrid and electric vehicles

| This section needs to be updated. The reason given is: this section did not include newer hybrid models. Please update this section to reflect recent events or newly available information. (November 2020)

|

Hyundai Motor Company began developing flexible-fuel vehicles (FFVs) in 1988. The test vehicle was 1991 MY Scoupe FFV.[157] Since March 1992, in Seoul, Korea, through at least November 1993, field trials of several FFVs had been performed over more than 30,000 miles.[157]

The Hyundai Sonata Hybrid uses a lightweight lithium polymer battery.

The new hybrid-electric FGV-1 was unveiled at the Seoul Motor Show in 1995 which featured full-time electric drive technology.[158] The 1995 FGV-1 was the result of Hyundai's first experiments with hybrid propulsion systems in 1994. The FGV-2 was the second vehicle to be produced. The company is using the "parallel" type design, which utilizes either the internal combustion engine or the electric motor.[158] Others are the Elantra HEV and the Hyundai Accent HEV, which were unveiled in 1999 and 2000, respectively.[158]

The first pure electric car developed by Hyundai was the Sonata Electric Vehicle in 1991. The car started as a Sonata sedan-based model.[159] Hyundai planned to have six electric vehicles available for testing by the end of 1992.[160]

Hyundai began mass-producing hybrid electric vehicles in 2008. The company is using Hybrid Blue Drive, which includes lithium polymer batteries, as opposed to lithium-ion.[161][162][163] The new hybrid Sonata made its debut at the Los Angeles International Auto Show in November 2008.[164] The 2011 Sonata Hybrid sales in the U.S. began in February 2011.

In 2009, Hyundai released the Avante LPI Hybrid in the South Korean domestic market in July.[165] Hyundai showcased also the Hyundai BlueOn, an electric prototype of i10, was first unveiled at the Frankfurt Motor Show in 2009. At the 2010 Geneva Motor Show, Hyundai unveiled the i-flow, a concept car using a variant of the BLUE-WILL hybrid system.[166]

As of March 2014[update], cumulative global sales of hybrid models totaled 200,000 units, including both Hyundai Motors and Kia Motors hybrid models.[167]

In 2016, Hyundai revealed the Ioniq five-door liftback to rival the Toyota Prius. The nameplate Ioniq is a portmanteau of ion and unique.[168] It is the first automobile to be offered in hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and all-electric variants with no "standard" internal combustion engine only version.[169][170][171] The hybrid variant launched in its home market in February 2016, followed by the electric model in July 2016.[170][172] The plug-in hybrid version followed in February 2017.[173]

The Hyundai Ioniq 5 is the first Hyundai model developed on the E-GMP platform.

In August 2020, the company announced the launch of Ioniq as its own new electric brand and confirmed three new electric cars that will be sold under the sub-brand. Ioniq is Hyundai's second stand-alone brand after the Genesis. The new brand is going to utilise Hyundai's Electric Global Modular Platform (E-GMP), which they claims will enable "fast charging capability and plentiful driving range."[174] The automaker said the first of the three new global models will be the Ioniq 5, a midsize crossover, arriving in early 2021. It will be followed by the Ioniq 6 sedan in late 2022, and then by the Ioniq 7, a large SUV, in early 2024. New models will be named numerically, with even numbers for sedans, and odd numbers for SUVs.[175]

In December 2020, Hyundai Motor Group announced details about its E-GMP platform that will be the underpinning of new Hyundai and Kia electric vehicles starting in 2021. Apart from Hyundai, Ioniq, and Kia brands, it will also be used for future Genesis electric cars.[176] The platform's main components is a battery pack under the cabin and an all-in-one motor, transmission, and inverter designed and developed by Hyundai. By bundling the components, Hyundai said, it raised the maximum speed of the motor by up to 70 percent compared to existing motors, despite its small size. The company claimed that it is capable to handle power output up to 600 hp (608 PS; 447 kW) from the system.[177]

In February 2020, Hyundai launched its first vehicle built above the E-GMP platform, the Ioniq 5. It is the first product to be marketed under the Ioniq sub-brand.[178] At its introduction, it is the most advanced electric vehicle produced by Hyundai. Its battery can be charged from 10 to 80 percent in 18 minutes with its 800 V charging capabilities by using a 350-kW charger. A five minutes charge will add 100 km (62 mi) to its range by WLTP standards.[179] Its claimed maximum range is 480 km (298 mi) for the rear-wheel-drive 72.6 kWh variant.[180]

In July 2022, Hyundai announced its new automotive factory in South Korea, solely dedicated for electric vehicles and with production set to begin in 2025. It will be the first Hyundai plant to open in South Korea since 1996.[181]

Hyundai is currently expanding its full-electric lineup by adding the Ioniq 6 to its lineup, which debuted in Europe in the second half of 2022, and in the United States in spring of 2023. Hyundai is also expanding its full-electric lineup with the Ioniq 7, which is projected to hit the market in 2024.[181]

### Hydrogen vehicles

Hyundai Nexo Hyundai Elec City FCEV

In March 2018, Hyundai launched a hydrogen powered crossover SUV the Nexo.[182] In October 2020, South Korean domestic sales of the Nexo exceeded 10,000 vehicles.[183] As of July 2020, Hyundai had exported only 769 vehicles to the United States and Europe with supply limited due to domestic demand.[184][185]

In 2020, Hyundai launched a hydrogen powered version of its Xcient truck the Xcient Fuel Cell delivering seven vehicles to customers in Switzerland.[186] The Xcient Fuel Cell is the world's first production hydrogen fuel cell truck.[186][187] In 2019, Hyundai formed Hyundai Hydrogen Mobility (HHM) together with Swiss company H2 Energy to lease trucks to Swiss customers with plans to deliver 50 trucks by 2020.[186] Hyundai chose to launch in Switzerland as its road tax does not apply to zero-emission trucks and for its ability to produce hydrogen using hydropower.[186] HHM formed a partnership with Hydrospider, a joint venture of H2Energy, Alpiq and Linde to produce hydrogen and to build hydrogen refuelling infrastructure in Switzerland.[188] The 34-ton Xcient Fuel Cell has a 190 kW fuel cell supported by a 73 kW battery pack that stores energy from the fuel cell and from braking, seven hydrogen tanks, a maximum speed of 85 km/h (53 mph), a driving range of about 400 kilometres (250 mi) and a refueling time of between 8 and 20 minutes.[187]

In 2020, Hyundai launched a hydrogen powered version of its Elec City bus the Elec City FCEV that has a capacity of 44 passengers with 24 seats and 20 standing seats.[183][189] The bus has a 180 kW fuel cell supported by a 156 kW battery pack, five hydrogen tanks, a driving range of 434 kilometres (270 mi) and a refuelling time of 15 minutes.[189][190] In 2020, Hyundai exported two buses to Saudi Arabian oil company Saudi Aramco for demonstration.[191]

In December 2021, Hyundai suspended development of its Genesis, and possibly its other, hydrogen cars.[192]

### Light commercial vehicles

Hyundai Motor started production of the H350 van (also called Solati) in Turkey from 2015.[193]

### Trucks and buses

The Hyundai Xcient 6x2 truck

Under the Truck & Bus division, Hyundai produces several heavy trucks and buses. The company started selling trucks in 1969 with the D-750/800, followed by the R-182 as their first bus in 1970.[194]

A joint venture called the Daimler-Hyundai Truck Corporation was established between Hyundai and Daimler AG[195] in 2000 to produce high-tech middle-range trucks and buses in the Korean market beginning in 2004.[196] However, after numerous delays and disputes,[197] the planned venture was cancelled in 2004, with DaimlerChrysler selling its 10.65 percent stake in Hyundai Motor.[198]

## Partnerships

In 2000, the company established a strategic alliance with DaimlerChrysler and severed its partnership with the Hyundai Group. In 2001, the Daimler-Hyundai Truck Corporation was formed. In 2004, however, DaimlerChrysler divested its interest in the company by selling its 10.5% stake for $900 million.

In February 2021, CNBC reported that Apple and Hyundai-Kia were close to finalizing a deal to build an autonomous Apple car. The vehicle was said to be completely designed by Apple and would be built in Hyundai or Kia plants; it could potentially have gone into production in 2024.[199] However, Hyundai announced shortly after that it was no longer in talks with Apple.[200][201]

## Heavy industries

Hyundai Rotem is a subsidiary, for manufacturing rolling stock, military equipment, and plant engineering.[202]

Hyundai Translead manufactures semi-trailers, and heavy duty trucks for the North American market.[203]

## Motorsport

Alister McRae driving an Accent WRC at the 2001 Rally Finland

Main article: Hyundai Motorsport

The Hyundai World Rally Team has competed in the World Rally Championship since 2000, and every season since 2014. For the 2002 World Rally Championship season, Hyundai hired the four-time world champion Juha Kankkunen, along with Freddy Loix and Armin Schwarz. Kankkunen's fifth place in New Zealand was the team's best result, but they managed to edge out Škoda and Mitsubishi by one point in the battle for fourth place in the manufacturers' world championship. In September 2003, after a season hampered by budget constraints, Hyundai announced withdrawal from the WRC and planned to return in 2006, which did not happen.[204] The team returned to the series in 2014.[205] In 2012, Hyundai Motorsport, based in Alzenau, was founded to manage Hyundai's global motorsport activities.[206]

In 2006, following the announcement that Korea was scheduled to host a Formula One Grand Prix, Hyundai planned to enter the championship.[207] The Korean Grand Prix was first held in 2010, but Hyundai did not enter.

## Marketing

### Corporate social responsibility

In 2008, Hyundai Motors established a committee to oversee its Corporate Social Responsibility programme.[208] Among the programme's initiatives have been the "Happy Move Global Youth Volunteers Program".[209]

The Hyundai Motors' India Foundation (HMIF) has invested more than 20 million rupees in various corporate social responsibility programmes in India. In 2011, it started the "Go Green" village adoption project in Tamil Nadu. Its aim was to promote environmentally friendly products, increase the forest cover in Tamil Nadu, and improve living and hygiene conditions in the region's villages. A number of schools have been adopted for improvement with the HMIF donating around 450 benches to government schools and drilling 10 bore wells.[210]

In 2020, Hyundai Motors signed a contract with UN Development Programme and launched a campaign 'for Tomorrow' in 2021 to create and realize a solution for problems that global society faces. In 2022, the documentary film 'for Tomorrow' was released which contains the main story of the 'for Tomorrow' project.[211]

### Sports sponsorship

Hyundai as a UEFA Euro 2012 sponsor

* BCCI
* Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors FC
* FIFA (Since 1999, except the FIFA Club World Cup)
* International Cricket Council
* UEFA (from 2000 to 2017)
* Cricket World Cup (Until 2015)
* Korea Football Association
* A-League
* Inside the NBA
* National Football League[212]
* Sun Bowl[213]
* Hyundai Tournament of Champions
* Olympique Lyonnais (from 2013 to 2020)
* PFC CSKA Moscow
* Millonarios Fútbol Club
* Club Universitario de Deportes
* Tampines Rovers FC
* Al-Fateh SC
* Moroka Swallows F.C.[214]
* Mandurah City FC[215]
* Park United FC[216]
* Carlton Football Club[217]
* Brisbane Lions
* Brisbane Broncos
* AS Cannes Volley-Ball
* Hyundai Hockey Helpers[218]
* Rhys Millen[219][220]
* Atlético Madrid[221]
* Hertha BSC
* Chelsea FC
* AS Roma

### Other sponsorships

* Academy Awards
* CNN Worldwide
* Hyundai Auto Club Philippines
* Country Calendar [222]

## Board of directors

Hyundai Motor Group chairman Chung Mong Koo (right) sitting next to South Korean president Park Geun-hye in 2013

* Chung Eui-sun, Executive Chairman of Hyundai Motors
* Chang Jae-hoon, President and CEO of Hyundai Motors
* Lee Dong-seock, Vice President
* Jose Munoz, Global COO
* Gang Hyun-seo, Executive Vice President
* Yoon Chi-won, Former Chairman of EQONEX
* Eugene M. Ohr, Former Partner of Capital International, Inc.
* Sang Seung Yi, Professor of Economics of Seoul National University (Head of Department)
* Dal Hoon Shim, Representative of Woorin Tax Partners
* Lee Ji-yun, Professor of Department of Aerospace Engineering of KAIST
* Seung Wa Chang, Professor of Graduate Law School of Seoul National University
* Yoon Hee Choi, Professor of Graduate Law School of Konkuk University

### Previous Chairmans

* Chung Ju-Yung (1967–1999)
* Chung Mong Koo (1999–2020) (Currently he is the brand's Honorary Chairman)[223]

## Finances

The key trends for Hyundai Motor are (as of the financial year ending December 31):[224][225][226][227]

| Revenue
(US$ bn)  | EBIT
(US$ bn)  | Total assets
(US$ bn)  | Market cap
(US$ bn)  | Employees
(k)[228]

|
|
|
|
|

2015  | 80.0  | 7.6  | 141  | 39.4  |
2016  | 81.4  | 6.6  | 148  | 34.4  |
2017  | 86.3  | 4.2  | 167  | 41.1  |
2018  | 88.0  | 2.6  | 162  | 25.7  | 69
2019  | 90.9  | 3.9  | 168  | 26.4  | 70
2020  | 89.5  | 2.1  | 193  | 40.2  | 72
2021  | 101.4  | 7.2  | 197  | 40.3  | 72
2022  | 109.6  | 8.9  | 203  | 27.7  |
2023  | 123.6  | 14.0  | 218  | 36.9  | 74
2024  | 127.4  | 13.3  | 232  | 38.5  | 75

## Scandals and controversies

### Inflated fuel economy numbers

After an investigation in 2012, the EPA found that 35% of all 2011–2013 Hyundai and Kia vehicles had inflated fuel economy numbers; by as much as six miles per gallon. Currently, Hyundai and Kia have started a reimbursement program for the owners of the 2011–2013 affected vehicles.[229][230][231] In 2014 the company was issued $350 million in penalties by the US government, agreed to pay $395 million in 2013 to resolve claims from vehicles owners, and agreed to pay $41.2 million to cover the "investigative costs" of 33 US state attorneys general.[232]

### Wrongly advertised engine and horsepower

Several consumers complained that the engine delivered with the Hyundai Veloster in Brazil was inferior to the one advertised.[233] Independent tests confirmed that it was not the same engine, and it delivered only 121 CV (119 hp) instead of the advertised 140 CV (140 hp), with the car earning derogatory nicknames like Slowster in the Brazilian market.[234]

### Marketing controversy

In April 2013, Hyundai Motors UK released a commercial depicting a man attempting to commit suicide via carbon monoxide poisoning in an ix35, only to fail to do so because of the vehicle's non-toxic emissions. The advert, produced by Hyundai's in-house agency Innocean Worldwide, received widespread criticism for promoting suicide.[235] Hyundai has since taken down the video and issued a formal apology.[235][236]

### Vehicle security vulnerability

Since October 2022, following a TikTok trend, Hyundai vehicles especially in North America are highly targeted for theft due to their weaker security systems. Hyundai vehicles manufactured from 2016 to 2021 for the U.S. market that are not equipped with optional key fob and a push-button start mechanism lack immobilizers, a system that prevent the engine from being started unless a proper key is inserted. A video posted on TikTok depicted the theft process, which involves inserting a USB connector on a naked key slot and successfully starts a car.[237] The vulnerability also affects vehicles produced by sister company Kia.

Hyundai and Kia acknowledged the vulnerability. Hyundai introduced a free anti-theft software patch starting February 14, 2023, with all eligible vehicles patched by June 23, 2023.[237] Models that cannot be upgraded will have steering wheel lock reimbursements.[238] Both companies also agreed to pay about $200 million to settle a U.S. class-action lawsuit, including up to $145 million for car owners' out-of-pocket losses. The settlement, announced on May 18, 2023, was rejected by a federal judge.[239]

According to U.S. authority National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, the trend has led to eight fatalities in the country.[240]

### U.S. child labor allegations

In 2022, Hyundai and its parts suppliers in the U.S. were discovered to be illegally employing child labor, primarily involving refugees from Central America.[241][242] This issue involved parts suppliers, including Hyundai subsidiaries Hyundai Glovis and SMART, SL, Hwashin, and AJIN, many of which used temporary work agencies to recruit underage workers. These suppliers hired minors, some as young as 12, to operate heavy machinery, in direct violation of child labor laws. Following a Reuters report in July 2022, investigations confirmed these illegal practices, leading to fines and sanctions against several suppliers.[243] In response to the scandal, Hyundai announced plans to divest its controlling stake in SMART.[244]

## Slogans

* New Thinking, New Possibilities (Worldwide)
* We make WAH (2022-present, Canada)

### United States

* Drive your way
* We make things better (2016-2019)
* Better drives us (2019)

## See also

* 2025 Georgia Hyundai plant immigration raid
* Bering Truck Corporation
* Hyundai Group
* Hyundai Mobis
* Hyundai Motor Group
* Kia Motors
* List of Hyundai engines
* List of Korean car makers
* List of Hyundai Motor Company transmissions
* List of Hyundai Motor Company manufacturing facilities

## Notes

1. ↑ As of 20 March 2025

## References

1. ↑ "Road to Sustainability - Hyundai Motor Company 2025 Sustainability Report" (in en). p. 6. https://www.hyundai.com/content/dam/hyundai/ww/en/images/company/sustainability/about-sustainability/2025/hmc-2025-sustainability-report-en-v7.pdf.
2. ↑ "Road to Sustainability - Hyundai Motor Company 2024 Sustainability Report" (in en). p. 6. https://www.hyundai.com/content/dam/hyundai/ww/en/images/company/sustainability/about-sustainability/hmc-2024-sustainability-report-en-v4.pdf.
3. ↑ "Road to Sustainability - Hyundai Motor Company 2023 Sustainability Report" (in en). p. 6. https://www.hyundai.com/content/hyundai/ww/data/csr/data/0000000051/attach/english/hmc-2023-sustainability-report-en-v8.pdf.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 "HYUNDAI MOTOR 005380" (in en). FnGuide. https://comp.fnguide.com/SVO3/ASP/SVD_Main.asp?gicode=A005380.
5. ↑ "Road to Sustainability - Hyundai Motor Company 2025 Sustainability Report" (in en). p. 118. https://www.hyundai.com/content/dam/hyundai/ww/en/images/company/sustainability/about-sustainability/2025/hmc-2025-sustainability-report-en-v7.pdf.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Shareholders" (in en). https://pr.kia.com/en/company/ir/general-information/shareholders.do.
7. ↑ Kim, Sohee (4 November 2015). "Hyundai launches Genesis premium car brand in bid to end profit skid". Reuters. http://in.reuters.com/article/hyundai-motor-genesis-idINKCN0ST0BD20151104.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Taylor III, Alex (5 January 2010). "Hyundai smokes the competition". CNN. https://money.cnn.com/2010/01/04/autos/hyundai_competition.fortune/index.htm.
9. ↑ "[번역Hyundai ships 10 millionth car overseas 현대차, 천만번째 수출 차량 선적"] (in ko). https://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=108&oid=044&aid=0000045391.
10. ↑ "Hyundai, Now the No. 3 Carmaker, Takes Aim at Toyota and Volkswagen" (in en). Bloomberg.com. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-12-20/now-the-world-s-third-biggest-carmaker-hyundai-takes-aim-at-toyota-volkswagen.
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Hyundai Motor elevates US chief to co-CEO position as it braces for Trump". 15 November 2024. https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/hyundai-motor-name-global-coo-jose-munoz-ceo-report-says-2024-11-15/.
12. ↑ Foster-Carter, Aidan (2005-05-23). "Chung Se-yung" (in en-GB). The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. https://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/may/24/guardianobituaries.northkorea.
13. ↑ Steers, Richard M. (21 August 2013). Made in Korea: Chung Ju Yung and the Rise of Hyundai. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-60038-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=be-AAAAAQBAJ&q=ford+ulsan+assembly+plant&pg=PA76. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
14. ↑ The Times (9 July 1974)
15. ↑ The Sunday Times 'Business News' (14 July 1974)
16. ↑ Motor Report International (18 July 1974)
17. ↑ The Engineer (30 January 1975)
18. ↑ Fisher, Brian (10 March 1983). "Lotus, R-R & Co" (in fr). Le Moniteur de l'Automobile 34 (764): 28.
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134. ↑ Agence France-Presse (25 January 2006). "Hyundai Considers Czech Auto Plant". IndustryWeek. http://www.industryweek.com/articles/hyundai_considers_czech_auto_plant_11336.aspx.
135. ↑ "Mass Production Officially Launched at the New Hyundai Plant in the Czech Republic". Automobiles Review. 15 November 2008. http://www.automobilesreview.com/auto-news/mass-production-officially-launched-at-the-new-hyundai-plant-in-the-czech-republic/6821/.
136. ↑ Kalab, Vladimir (4 November 2008). "First Czech-made Hyundai Cars Leaving Nošovice Plant". Prague Daily Monitor. http://praguemonitor.com/2008/11/07/first-czech-made-hyundai-cars-leaving-nošovice-plant.
137. ↑ 137.0 137.1 "ТагАЗ: Модельный ряд" (in ru). http://tagaz.ru/brands/.
138. ↑ 138.0 138.1 "Hyundai Truck & Bus Newsletter". pp. 11. http://worldwide.hyundai.com/wcm/idc/groups/sggeneralcontent/@hmc/documents/sitecontent/mdaw/mdmy/~edisp/hw032615.pdf. "RZGA is an affiliate of TAGAZ, a Russian automobile company that has assembled CKD kits of HMC's passenger cars since 2001."
139. ↑ "Global Production Systems". pp. 39. http://worldwide.hyundai.com/wcm/idc/groups/sggeneralcontent/@hmc/documents/sitecontent/mdaw/mdm5/~edisp/hw039016.pdf.
140. ↑ "Под Петербургом началось строительство завода Hyundai - Новости - Motor". http://motor.ru/news/2008/06/05/hyundai/.
141. ↑ 141.0 141.1 "Manufacturing". http://worldwide.hyundai.com/WW/Corporate/Overview/Profile/Manufacturing/index.html.
142. ↑ "2013 Quick Facts". http://globalpr.hyundai.com/prCenter/MainDown.do.
143. ↑ Ramadan, Sobhi (2022-12-02). "HD88". https://hd88.top/.
144. ↑ "Hyundai открыл в Петербурге крупнейший в России завод по производству двигателей". ТАСС. https://tass.ru/ekonomika/12344323.
145. ↑ "ООО "Хендэ Мотор СНГ"" (in ru). https://www.rusprofile.ru/id/2139407.
146. ↑ "Hyundai finalizes Russia exit as local firm buys its two car plants" (in en). https://www.cnbc.com/2024/01/26/hyundai-finalizes-russia-exit-as-local-firm-buys-its-two-car-plants.html.
147. ↑ Jin, Hyunjoo (12 January 2016). "Exclusive: Hyundai plans to shift some small car output to Mexico next year – sources" (in en). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hyundai-motor-mexico-idUSKCN0UQ1BI20160112.
148. ↑ 148.0 148.1 "A Brief History of Hyundai | OSV | Learning Centre" (in en-GB). 16 May 2017. https://www.osv.ltd.uk/brief-history-hyundai/.
149. ↑ "Two decades of the Hyundai Santa Fe: evolution of an automotive icon". 19 May 2020. https://www.automotiveworld.com/news-releases/two-decades-of-the-hyundai-santa-fe-evolution-of-an-automotive-icon/.
150. ↑ "World Best Selling SUV – The Top in 2020" (in en-US). 15 January 2021. https://www.focus2move.com/world-best-selling-suv/.
151. ↑ "Hyundai Tucson, Kia Sportage join global top 10 best-selling SUV list 2020" (in ko). https://pulsenews.co.kr/view.php?year=2021&no=82602.
152. ↑ "Top 25 best-selling cars in 2019 in Russia" (in en). https://automechanika.ru.messefrankfurt.com/moscow/en/press/News/News/top-25-best-selling-cars-in-2019-in-russia.html.
153. ↑ "TOP-10 of best-selling SUVs in Russia in 2018" (in en). https://eng.autostat.ru/news/16428/.
154. ↑ "Industry. The Hyundai Creta became the best seller in the SUV segment in 2017" (in en). 16 January 2018. https://www.oreanda.ru/en/promyshlennost/The_Hyundai_Creta_became_the_best_seller_in_the_SUV_segment_in_2017/article1225240/.
155. ↑ "2020 SUV Sales – Hyundai & Kia contribute to 49% of the SUVs sold in India" (in en). 11 January 2021. https://www.autopunditz.com/2020-suv-sales-hyundai-kia-contribute-to-49-of-the-suvs-sold-in-india/.
156. ↑ "Tiny new Hyundai Casper downsizes the SUV" (in en). https://www.autoexpress.co.uk/hyundai/355882/tiny-new-hyundai-casper-downsizes-suv.
157. ↑ 157.0 157.1 "Performance and Exhaust Emissions of Hyundai Flexible Fuel Vehicle (FFV)". Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.. 1 November 1993. http://papers.sae.org/931986.
158. ↑ 158.0 158.1 158.2 "Hyundai's Clean Green Machine: The TB HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle)". Hyundai News. 31 October 2003. http://hyundainews.com/us/en-us/Media/PressRelease.aspx?mediaid=28751&title=hyundais-clean-green-machine-the-tb-hev-hybrid-electric-vehicle.
159. ↑ "Hyundai Among Leaders in Development of Environmentally Friendly Vehicles for the 21st Century". Hyundai News. 1 November 2000. http://hyundainews.com/us/en-us/Media/PressRelease.aspx?mediaid=29073&title=hyundai-among-leaders-in-development-of-environmentally-friendly-vehicles-for-the-21st-century.
160. ↑ "Nuts & Bolts – Toyota tackling door lock problem". The Atlanta Journal and The Atlanta Constitution. 11 September 1992. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=AT&p_theme=at&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB7D467645421AE&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM.
161. ↑ "LA 2008: Hyundai announces Blue Drive efficiency strategy, 2010 Sonata hybrid". Autoblog.com. 19 November 2008. http://www.autoblog.com/2008/11/19/la-2008-hyundai-announces-blue-drive-efficiency-strategy-2010.
162. ↑ "Green Car Congress: Hyundai Says It Can Reach US 2020 CAFE Requirement of 35 mpg by 2015; Hybrid Santa Fe Concept to Debut at Paris Show". http://www.greencarcongress.com/2008/09/hyundai-says-it.html.
163. ↑ "Hyundai reveals hybrid blue drive architecture in Los Angeles". Worldcarfans.com. http://www.worldcarfans.com/9081120.002/hyundai-reveals-hybrid-blue-drive-architecture-in-la.
164. ↑ "report". Reuters. 20 August 2008. https://www.reuters.com/article/rbssConsumerGoodsAndRetailNews/idUSN2048157320080820.
165. ↑ Marginean Emilian. "Hyundai Elantra LPI Hybrid Electric Vehicle 2009 review" (in en-US). http://www.auto-power-girl.com/cars-2009/hyundai-specifications/hyundai_elantra_lpi_hybrid_electric_vehicle-3513.
166. ↑ "Hyundai i-flow Concept Revealed at Geneva". Automoblog. Automoblog.net. 4 March 2010. http://www.automoblog.net/2010/03/04/hyundai-i-flow-concept-revelead-at-geneva/.
167. ↑ IHS Inc. (16 May 2014). "News – Hyundai-Kia reports cumulative global hybrid sales of 200,000 units". IHS Technology. https://technology.ihs.com/500797/hyundai-kia-reports-cumulative-global-hybrid-sales-of-200000-units.
168. ↑ Cobb, Jeff (1 February 2016). "Who Else Besides Toyota Will The Hyundai Ioniq Threaten?". HybridCars.com. http://www.hybridcars.com/who-else-besides-toyota-will-the-hyundai-ioniq-threaten/.
169. ↑ "2017 Hyundai Ioniq first drive review: hybrid, EV, plug-in, no gas-only engines - ExtremeTech" (in en-US). ExtremeTech. 2017-02-21. https://www.extremetech.com/extreme/244708-2017-hyundai-ioniq-platform-hybrid-ev-plug-no-gas-engines.
170. ↑ 170.0 170.1 Joseph, Noah (14 January 2016). "Hyundai Ioniq launches in Korea before challenging Prius in US [w/video"]. Autoblog.com. http://www.autoblog.com/2016/01/14/hyundai-ioniq-phev-launch-south-korea-official/.
171. ↑ Park Jin-hai (14 January 2016). "Hyundai launches Ioniq hybrid compact". The Korea Times. https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/biz/2016/02/127_195469.html.
172. ↑ "Hyundai's Ioniq EV sales top 1,000 units". Yonhap News Agency. 12 September 2016. http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/business/2016/09/12/0503000000AEN20160912002500320.html.
173. ↑ Szostech, Michael. "Hyundai IONIQ Availability". My Electric Car Forums. http://myioniq.com/hyundai-ioniq-availability/.
174. ↑ Lambert, Fred (10 August 2020). "Hyundai launches IONIQ as new EV brand, confirms 3 new electric cars" (in en-US). https://electrek.co/2020/08/10/hyundai-ioniq-ev-brand/.
175. ↑ "Hyundai is spinning off Ioniq into its own new electric vehicle brand" (in en-US). 10 August 2020. https://driving.ca/hyundai/auto-news/news/hyundai-is-spinning-off-ioniq-into-its-own-new-electric-vehicle-brand.
176. ↑ "Hyundai to lead charge into electric era with EV platform 'E-GMP'" (in en). https://www.hyundai.news/eu/brand/hyundai-to-lead-charge-into-electric-era-with-ev-platform-e-gmp/.
177. ↑ Baldwin, Roberto (2 December 2020). "Hyundai Unveils EV Platform, Will Have 23 Global Electric Vehicles by 2025" (in en-US). https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a34836228/hyundai-ev-platform-e-gmp/.
178. ↑ Joey Capparella (13 January 2021). "2022 Hyundai Ioniq 5 Production EV Previewed before February Reveal". https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a35196654/2022-hyundai-ioniq-5-preview/.
179. ↑ Gitlin, Jonathan M. (23 February 2021). "Here's the first of Hyundai's new 800-volt EVs—the Ioniq 5" (in en-us). https://arstechnica.com/cars/2021/02/this-crisp-looking-crossover-is-hyundais-next-ev-the-ioniq-5/.
180. ↑ "2022 Ioniq 5 revealed: Retro-styled electric car leads a New Wave of EVs" (in en). 23 February 2021. https://www.greencarreports.com/news/1131361_2022-ioniq-5-revealed-retro-styled-electric-car-leads-a-new-wave-of-evs.
181. ↑ 181.0 181.1 "Hyundai will build its first South Korean EV factory". Automotive News Europe. 12 July 2022. https://europe.autonews.com/automakers/hyundai-will-build-its-first-south-korean-ev-factory.
182. ↑ "Hyundai Begins Sales of NEXO Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Amid Wide Public Interest". Hyundai News (Press release). 27 March 2018. Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
183. ↑ 183.0 183.1 "Popularizing FCEVs: NEXO Sales over 10,000 Units". Hyundai Motor Group (Press release). 20 November 2020. Archived from the original on 7 March 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
184. ↑ Jung, Jun-ho (17 August 2020). "Sales of hydrogen-powered car 'Nexo' surpass 700 units in July, posting over 10,000 units in cumulative sales". The Korea IT Times. http://www.koreaittimes.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=99711.
185. ↑ Holder, Jim (17 September 2019). "Hyundai's hydrogen boss predicts sales growth will continue". Autocar. https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/new-cars/hyundais-hydrogen-boss-predicts-sales-growth-will-continue.
186. ↑ 186.0 186.1 186.2 186.3 "Hyundai XCIENT Fuel Cell Heads to Europe for Commercial Use". Hyundai News (Press release). 6 July 2020. Archived from the original on 25 September 2020. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
187. ↑ 187.0 187.1 "Hyundai today delivered the first seven units of its XCIENT Fuel Cell". Hyundai News (Press release). 7 October 2020. Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
188. ↑ "Hyundai and Hydrospider to build industrial hydrogen ecosystem". Hyundai News (Press release). 25 September 2019. Archived from the original on 17 January 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
189. ↑ 189.0 189.1 Hyundai Motor Group (7 August 2020). ELEC CITY Hydrogen Bus: Newest hydrogen technology already part of our daily lives (Television production). Archived from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
190. ↑ "Hydrogen, Or Batteries, That Is The Question: Hyundai Elec City Bus". https://tech.hyundaimotorgroup.com/article/hydrogen-or-batteries-that-is-the-question-hyundai-elec-city-bus/.
191. ↑ Do, Byung-Uk (28 September 2020). "Hyundai exports hydrogen vehicles to world's No. 1 oil producer Saudi Aramco". The Korea Economic Daily. https://www.kedglobal.com/newsView/ked202010100021.
192. ↑ "Hyundai pauses Genesis hydrogen fuel cell project just days after ending ICE engines" (in en-US). Electrek. 2021-12-29. https://electrek.co/2021/12/29/hyundai-pauses-genesis-hydrogen-fuel-cell-project-just-days-after-ending-ice-engines/.
193. ↑ "Hyundai Motor Starts Production of Its First Light Commercial Vehicle, the All-New H350, in Europe" (in ko). https://news.hyundaimotorgroup.com/MediaCenter/News/Press-Releases/Hyundai-Motor-Start-Production-All-New-H350-Europe-150515.
194. ↑ "Commercial Vehicle History | Hyundai Truck & Bus" (in en). http://trucknbus.hyundai.com/global/brand/commercial-vehicle-history.
195. ↑ "Hyundai Motor & DaimlerChrysler Unveil New Joint Truck Company". News World (Korea). 1 August 2001. http://www.newsworld.co.kr/cont/0108/53.html.
196. ↑ "Hyundai Motor and DaimlerChrysler Break Ground for New Commercial Vehicle Engine Plant" (Press release). Hyundai Motor Co. 14 November 2001. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 30 November 2006.
197. ↑ "Hyundai wants end to Daimler's Beijing deal". People's Daily (China). 15 October 2003. http://english.people.com.cn/200310/15/eng20031015_126100.shtml.
198. ↑ "Daimler, Hyundai Separating". The Washington Post: p. E02. 13 May 2004. https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A22726-2004May12.html.
199. ↑ LeBeau, Phil; Reeder, Meghan (3 February 2021). "Apple and Hyundai-Kia pushing toward deal on Apple Car" (in en). https://www.cnbc.com/2021/02/03/apple-and-hyundai-kia-driving-towards-deal-on-apple-car.html.
200. ↑ Baldwin, Roberto (8 February 2021). "Hyundai Declares It's No Longer Working with Apple on a Car" (in en-US). https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a35411762/apple-hyundai-kia-deal-car/.
201. ↑ Byford, Sam (7 February 2021). "Hyundai and Kia downplay Apple car rumors" (in en). https://www.theverge.com/2021/2/7/22271748/hyundai-apple-car-talks-stopped-report.
202. ↑ Mazuru, Mircea (20 April 2023). "Hyundai Motor Group Aims for Space Exploration, Starts Building Advanced Lunar Rover" (in en). autoevolution. https://www.autoevolution.com/news/hyundai-motor-group-aims-for-space-exploration-starts-building-an-advanced-lunar-rover-213717.html.
203. ↑ "Products" (in en-US). https://www.hyundaitranslead.com/product/.
204. ↑ "Hyundai to quit World Rally". BBC. 17 September 2003. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/motorsport/world_rally/3117802.stm.
205. ↑ "Hyundai". https://www.hyundainews.com/releases/1718.
206. ↑ "#Hyundai Motorsport | Tag" (in en). https://www.hyundaimotorgroup.com/en/tag/914.
207. ↑ Lavrinc, Damon (23 October 2006). "Hyundai to Enter F1 in 2010". Autoblog. http://www.autoblog.com/2006/10/23/hyundai-to-enter-f1-in-2010/.
208. ↑ Kim Yoo-chul (4 June 2008). "Hyundai-Kia Will Upgrade Corporate Transparency" . The Korea Times
209. ↑ "Hyundai brings youth volunteers to PH | ABS-CBN News | Latest Philippine Headlines, Breaking News, Video, Analysis, Features" (in en). http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/lifestyle/01/13/11/hyundai-brings-youth-volunteers-ph.
210. ↑ "Hyundai Foundation's New Initiatives In TN". One India. 21 July 2011. http://auto.oneindia.in/four-wheelers/2011/hyundai-initiatives-in-tn-210711-aid0152.html.
211. ↑ "Hyundai Motor documentary 'For Tomorrow' to be released Friday". Korea JoongAng Daily. https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2022/09/15/entertainment/movies/hyundai-motor-sustainable-sustainability/20220915175827623.html.
212. ↑ "Hyundai announces official NFL automotive sponsorship". https://www.nfl.com/news/hyundai-announces-official-nfl-automotive-sponsorship-0ap3000000499188.
213. ↑ "Sponsors". http://www.sunbowl.org/sponsors.
214. ↑ "Moroka Swallows Online". http://www.morokaswallows.co.za/content/sponsors.
215. ↑ "Sponsorships – Mandurah Hyundai". http://mandurahhyundai.com.au/About-Us/Sponsorships/Sponsorships.
216. ↑ "Park United". http://www.parkutd.com/index.html.
217. ↑ "Sponsorships". http://www.hyundai.com.au/about-hyundai/community/sponsorships.
218. ↑ "Hyundai Hockey Helpers". http://hyundaihockey.ca/.
219. ↑ "Hyundai Genesis Coupe and Rhys Millen Racing Partner to Compete In 2012 Formula Drift Series". http://www.hyundainews.com/us/en-us/Media/PressRelease.aspx?mediaid=35727.
220. ↑ "Our Sponsors". Rhys Millen Racing. http://rhys-millen-racing.myshopify.com/pages/our-sponsors.
221. ↑ "Atlético Madrid park up with Hyundai". https://www.soccerex.com/insight/articles/2018/atlético-madrid-park-up-with-hyundai.
222. ↑ "Country Calendar shacks up with Hyundai, adding fuel to glue factory rumours for National Bank stallion". https://stoppress.co.nz/news/country-calendar-shacks-up-with-hyundai-adding-fuel-to-glue-factory-rumours-for-national-banks-stallion/.
223. ↑ https://www.hyundai-cmkfoundation.org/em/com/fiFounder
224. ↑ "Hyundai (HYMTF) - Revenue" (in en-US). https://companiesmarketcap.com/hyundai/revenue/.
225. ↑ "Hyundai (HYMTF) - Earnings" (in en-US). https://companiesmarketcap.com/hyundai/earnings/.
226. ↑ "Hyundai (HYMTF) - Total assets" (in en-US). https://companiesmarketcap.com/hyundai/total-assets/.
227. ↑ "Hyundai (HYMTF) - Market capitalization" (in en-US). https://companiesmarketcap.com/hyundai/marketcap/.
228. ↑ "HYUNDAI MOTOR AKTIE Bilanz GuV | Umsatz und Gewinn | 885166" (in de). 2025-05-09. https://www.finanzen.net/bilanz_guv/hyundai_motor_8.
229. ↑ Gorzelany, Jim (2 November 2012). "EPA Slams Hyundai and Kia for Overestimating MPG". Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/jimgorzelany/2012/11/02/epa-slams-hyundai-and-kia-for-overestimating-mpg/. Retrieved 11 December 2012.
230. ↑ Hirsch, Jerry (2 November 2012). "Hyundai, Kia inflated fuel economy claims on 900,000 cars, EPA says". LA Times. https://www.latimes.com/business/la-xpm-2012-nov-02-la-fi-mo-hyundai-kia-mpg-claims-20121102-story.html.
231. ↑ Healey, James (4 November 2012). "Hyundai/Kia false mpg may bring industry-wide EPA probe". USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/cars/2012/11/02/hyundai-kia-false-mpg-reimburse/1677243/.
232. ↑ Shepardson, David (27 October 2016). "Hyundai, Kia to pay $41.2 million to U.S. states over mileage claims". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hyundai-motor-kia-motors-probe/hyundai-kia-to-pay-41-2-million-to-u-s-states-over-mileage-claims-idUSKCN12R2CT.
233. ↑ "A polêmica do Veloster: 140 ou 128 cv?". Revista Quatro Rodas. 28 October 2011. http://quatrorodas.abril.com.br/noticias/polemica-veloster-140-ou-128-cv-306175_p.shtml.
234. ↑ "Veloster entra no dinamômetro e tem rendimento abaixo do anunciado". UOL Carros. 31 January 2012. http://carros.uol.com.br/noticias/fullpower/2012/01/31/veloster-entra-no-dinamometro-e-mostra-rendimento-aquem-do-anunciado-pela-hyundai.htm.
235. ↑ 235.0 235.1 Bunkley, Nick (25 April 2013). "Hyundai Apologizes for U.K. Ad That Depicts Suicide Attempt". Advertising Age. http://adage.com/article/news/hyundai-apologizes-u-k-ad-depicts-suicide-attempt/241119/.
236. ↑ Okulski, Travis (25 April 2013). "This Is the Worst Car Ad in History (Update)". Jalopnik. http://jalopnik.com/this-is-the-worst-car-ad-in-history-480853172.
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238. ↑ Robles, Christian (June 10, 2021). "Milwaukee has stepped up its response to reckless driving. With summer upon us, is it enough?". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. https://www.jsonline.com/story/news/2021/06/10/3-months-7-000-citations-curb-milwaukees-reckless-driving/7599922002/.
239. ↑ "Judge declines to approve Hyundai/Kia class action settlement, noting weak proposed remedies". August 17, 2023. https://apnews.com/article/hyundai-kia-settlement-tentative-rejection-f1ad760620101c55ac3b5cf934aab298.
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* DK Series
* R Series
* HD Series
* O303 Benz Bus

Mitsubishi Fuso based
(Mitsubishi Fuso presents)|

* 4.5 to 5-ton truck
* 8 to 25-ton truck
* Aero
* Aero City
* Bison
* Chorus
* DQ-7
* FB Series
* Mighty
* RB Series

Hyundai based (Mitsubishi Fuso
& Bering Truck presents)|

* 4.5 to 5 ton truck
* 8 to 25-ton truck
* Aero
* Aero City
* Aero Town (e-Aero Town)
* Chorus
* County (e-County)
* e-Mighty
* New Mighty
* Global 900
* Mega Truck
* Mighty
* Mighty II
* New Power Truck
* Pavise
* Super Truck
* Super Truck Medium
* Trago
* Xcient
* Universe

Other|

* List
* vehicles
* engines
* transmissions
* Blue Link Telematics
* Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors

* Category
* Commons

Template:Hyundai cars

* v
* t
* e

Hyundai road vehicle timeline, North American (US & Canada) market, 1980s–present

| Type | 1980s  | 1990s  | 2000s  | 2010s  | 2020s

|
|
|
|
|

4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9  | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9  | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9  | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9  | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6
Subcompact |  | Excel | Excel | Accent | Accent | Accent | Accent | Accent |
Compact |  |  |  |  | Ioniq |
Pony(C) |  |  | Elantra | Elantra | Elantra | Elantra | Elantra | Elantra | Elantra
|  |  | Elantra Touring | Elantra GT | Elantra GT |
Sport compact |  |  | Scoupe |  | Tiburon |  | Tiburon |  |  | Veloster |  | Veloster |
Mid-size |  | Stellar(C) | Sonata | Sonata | Sonata | Sonata | Sonata | Sonata | Sonata
|  |  | XG | Azera | Azera |  |
|  |  |  |  | Ioniq 6
Coupé |  |  |  | Genesis Coupe | Genesis Motor
Full-size |  |  |  | Genesis | Genesis
|  |  |  | Equus
Subcompact CUV |  |  |  |  | Venue
|  |  |  | Kona | Kona
Compact CUV |  |  |  | Tucson | Tucson | Tucson | Tucson
|  |  | Santa Fe |  |  | Nexo | Nexo
|  |  |  |  | Ioniq 5
Mid-size CUV |  |  |  | Santa Fe | Santa Fe Sport | Santa Fe | Santa Fe
|  |  | Veracruz | Santa Fe (LWB / XL) | Palisade | Palisade
|  |  |  |  | Ioniq 9
Minivan |  |  |  | Entourage |  |  |
Sport utility truck |  |  |  |  |  | Santa Cruz
Legend  |  (C) Vehicles exclusive to Canada

Template:Hyundai Commercial Vehicle Template:Hyundai Motor Group Template:KOSPI 200

* v
* t
* e

Automotive industry in South Korea

Companies|

| Auto parts|

* Daehan Tire
* Freenex
* Geunyoung Industry
* Hankook Tire
* Hyundai Enercell
* Hyundai Hysco
* Hyundai IHL
* Hyundai Mobis
* Hyundai Steel
* Hyundai Wia
* Jung-A Hydraulic
* KCC
* Koreatomy
* Kumho Tire
* Kyeyang Electric
* LG Chem
* Mando Corporation
* Nexen Tire
* POSCO
* SL Corporation
* Sungwoo
* Yeongkwang

|

Services|

* Hyundai Glovis
* Lotte Rent A Car
* Zyle Daewoo Motor Sales

Vehicles|

| Current|

* CT&T United
* Daelim Group
* Daelim Motor Company
* Daewoo Bus
* Doosan Group
* GM Korea
* Hyundai Motor Group
* Genesis Motors
* Hyundai Motor Company
* Hyundai Mobis
* Hyundai Rotem
* Kia Motors
* Kia Defense
* KR Motors
* Pyeonghwa Motors
* Renault Samsung Motors
* SsangYong Motor
* Tata Daewoo

|

Defunct|

* Asia Motors
* Daewoo Motors
* Keohwa
* Proto Motors
* Saehan Motors
* Samsung Commercial Vehicles
* Shinjin Motors
* Sibal

Other|

* Bullsone
* GS Caltex
* Hyundai Oilbank
* S-Oil
* SK Energy

Other|

* Korea Automobile Importers & Distributors Association
* Korea Automobile Manufacturers Association
* Seoul Motor Show

* Category

Template:KAMA Template:KFA sponsors

* v
* t
* e

Bus manufacturing companies of Asia

Active|

* Ankai
* Ashok Leyland
* BharatBenz
* Bonluck Bus
* BYD Auto
* Daewoo Bus(Zyle Daewoo bus)
* Eicher Motors
* Force
* Foton
* Ganja Auto Plant
* Gemilang Coachworks
* Ghandhara
* GAG Bus
* HICOM AM
* Hindustan
* Huanghai Bus
* Hyundai Motor Group
* Hyundai
* Kia(Granbird)
* Fujian Motors Group
* King Long
* Xiamen Golden Dragon
* Higer Bus
* Iran Khodro Diesel
* Isuzu
* JAC
* Laksana
* Mahindra
* Mahindra Navistar
* SsangYong
* Master
* Mitsubishi Fuso
* Mudan
* Nissan
* Nanjing Golden Dragon Bus
* Saipa Diesel
* SHL Coach
* Sunlong Bus
* Swaraj Mazda
* Tata
* Tata Daewoo
* Tata Marcopolo
* Toyota
* Hino
* Hinopak
* UD Trucks
* VinFast
* Zhongtong Bus

Defunct|

* BakAZ
* Changzhou Changjiang
* Fuji Heavy Industries
* Ghandhara Nissan
* Samsung

[ ⚑ ]  35°32′42″N 129°22′20″E﻿ / ﻿35.544890°N 129.372108°E﻿ / 35.544890; 129.372108

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