LandSpace

Short description: Chinese private space launch company

LandSpace Technology Corporation

Trade name

| LandSpace

Native name

| 蓝箭航天空间科技股份有限公司
Type| Private
Industry| Aerospace
Founded| June 2015; 8 years ago (2015-06)[1]
Founder| Zhang Changwu[2]
Headquarters|

Beijing

China

Website| landspace.com
Footnotes / references
[3]
LandSpace Technology Corporation

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LandSpace Technology Corporation (doing business as LandSpace)[4][5][6] is a Chinese private space launch provider based in Beijing.[7] It was founded in 2015 by Zhang Changwu.[7][8]

LandSpace developed its first launch vehicle Zhuque-1, powered by solid-propellant motors. Zhuque-1 was launched on 27 October 2018, however the payload failed to reach orbit due to an issue with the third stage.[9][10] The company also developed the liquid-fueled Zhuque-2, based on its methalox TQ-11 and TQ-12 engines, whose maiden launch (failed to orbit) occurred in December 2022.[11][12]

## Contents

* 1 Launch vehicles
* 1.1 Zhuque-1
* 1.2 Zhuque-2
* 2 Launches
* 3 Marketplace
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## Launch vehicles

### Zhuque-1

Zhuque-1

Zhuque-1 (ZQ-1, Chinese：朱雀一号 or 朱雀·南太湖号), also called LandSpace-1 or LS-1 (the name LandSpace-1 or LS-1 was originally reserved for a different rocket that did not in the end materialize;[13] after cancellation of the rocket, the name LandSpace-1 was then affiliated to LandSpace's rocket-to-be-developed at the time, the Zhuque-1), is a 19 m (62 ft)-tall, three-stage solid-propellant rocket. All stages have a diameter of 1.35 m. It is likely based on the DF-26 missile's rocket motor.[14] Zhuque-1 has a takeoff mass of 27 t (30 tons) and a thrust of 45 tf (99,000 lbf), and is able to carry 300 kg (660 lb) of payload into a 300 km (190 mi) low Earth orbit.[9]

The maiden flight of Zhuque-1 was on 27 October 2018 from a mobile platform at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, carrying Weilai-1 satellite for China Central Television. After a successful first- and second-stage firing, and fairing separation, the payload failed to reach orbit due to an issue with the third stage.[9][10] Zhuque-1 was the first Chinese private orbital rocket to attempt an orbital launch.[15]

According to news reports, the manufacturer of the solid rocket motors has ended its contract with LandSpace. This raised doubts as to whether there will be a second flight of Zhuque-1.[14]

### Zhuque-2

LandSpace developed a liquid-fuelled rocket called Zhuque-2 (ZQ-2).[7] Zhuque-2 is a medium-sized rocket powered by liquid oxygen and methane capable of lifting 4,000 kg of payload into a 200 km low Earth orbit, or 2,000 kg of payload into a 500 km Sun-synchronous orbit.[16][17] The rocket was initially planned to be launched in 2020,[18] however by 2019 this had slipped to 2021,[19] and later to December 2022.

Zhuque-2 has a liftoff weight of 216 metric tons and use 4 TQ-12 methalox engines on the first stage each with a thrust of 67 metric tonnes.[20][21] The second stage utilizes one vacuum optimised TQ-12 with a thrust of 80 metric tonnes in combination with an 8 metric tonnes thrust TQ-11 engine which acts as a vernier thruster.[22]

In May 2019, LandSpace performed test firings of its liquid methane and LOX fuelled TQ-12 rocket engine at its test facility at Huzhou, Zhejiang province. LandSpace's head of research and development, Ge Minghe, says the engine has a thrust of 80 tonnes. The Huzhou facility will be able to produce about 15 ZQ-2 rockets and 200 TQ-12 engines starting in 2022, according to CEO, Zhang Changwu.[23][24]

On 14 December 2022, LandSpace conducted the debut flight of Zhuque-2, but failed to reach orbit due to an early shutdown of its second stage vernier engines after the second stage main engines apparently completed a successful burn. It was the world's first orbital launch attempt by a methane-fueled launch vehicle,[25] and was the first methane launch vehicle to reach space.

In March 2023, LandSpace confirmed that the second Zhuque-2 launch vehicle had completed assembly and was undergoing preparations for a launch attempt in the coming months.[26]

## Launches

Rocket & Serial  | Flight No.  | Date  | Payload  | Orbit  | Launch Site  | Outcome  | Notes

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Zhuque-1 [9][10] |  | 27 October 2018,
08:00 UTC | Weila-1 (‘Future’) satellite  | LEO | Jiuquan  | Failure  |
Zhuque-2 [11] | Y1  | 14 December 2022,
08:30 UTC | Various  | SSO | Jiuquan  | Failure  | First methane launch vehicle to reach space
Zhuque-2 [11] | Y2  | June (TBD)  |  |  | Jiuquan  | Planned  |

## Marketplace

LandSpace is in competition with several other Chinese space rocket startups, being LinkSpace, Galactic Energy, ExPace, i-Space, OneSpace and Deep Blue Aerospace.[27]

## References

1. ↑ "LANDSPACE 关于我们". https://www.landspace.com/about.html.
2. ↑ "Zhang Changwu". https://apsccsat.com/zhang-changwu/.
3. ↑ "About Us - Landspace". http://www.landspace.com/about/show.php?id=111&lang=gb.
4. ↑ 蓝箭官网
5. ↑ "北京蓝箭空间科技有限公司(landspace)" (in zh). China Spaceflight. 30 September 2017. https://www.chinaspaceflight.com/rocket/Landspace/landspacetech.html.
6. ↑ Henri Kenhamn (2017). "LandSpace: le futur SpaceX chinois" (in fr). East Pendulum. http://www.eastpendulum.com/landspace-futur-spacex-chinois.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Jeffrey Lin; P.W. Singer (23 January 2017). "A private Chinese space company just scored a foreign contract for the first time". Popular Science. http://www.popsci.com/chinese-private-space-company-scores-first-foreign-contract.
8. ↑ Clay Dillow (28 March 2017). "China's secret plan to crush SpaceX and the US space program". CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2017/03/28/chinas-secret-plan-to-crush-spacex-and-the-us-space-program.html.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Barbosa, Rui C. (27 October 2018). "Chinese commercial provider LandSpace launches Weilai-1 on a Zhuque-1 rockets – fails to make orbit". NASASpaceFlight.com. https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2018/10/chinese-landspace-launches-weilai-1-zhuque-1-rocket/.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Jones, Andrew (27 October 2018). "Landspace fails to reach orbit with milestone private Chinese launch". https://spacenews.com/landspace-fails-to-reach-orbit-with-milestone-private-chinese-launch/.
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Fernholz, Tim. "The SpaceX of China aims to commercialize a mysterious rocket on the world stage". Quartz (publication). https://qz.com/791879/landspace-the-spacex-of-china-plans-to-commercially-launch-a-rocket-based-on-the-long-march-11.
12. ↑ Jones, Andrew (18 January 2022). "China's Landspace appears to be preparing to launch its new methane-fueled rocket". https://spacenews.com/chinas-landspace-appears-to-be-preparing-to-launch-its-new-methane-fueled-rocket/.
13. ↑ "Landspace fails to reach orbit with milestone private Chinese launch". SpaceNews. 27 October 2018. https://spacenews.com/landspace-fails-to-reach-orbit-with-milestone-private-chinese-launch/.
14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "ZhuQue-1 (ZQ-1, LandSpace-1, LS-1)". https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/zhuque-1.htm.
15. ↑ Clark, Stephen. "LandSpace falls short of orbit in private Chinese launch attempt". Spaceflight Now. https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/10/28/landspace-falls-short-of-orbit-in-private-chinese-launch-attempt/.
16. ↑ "Commercial Chinese companies set sights on methalox rockets, first orbital launches". SpaceNews. 2018-07-10. https://spacenews.com/commercial-chinese-companies-set-sights-on-methalox-rockets-first-orbital-launches/.
17. ↑ "LandSpace Unveils Highly Ambitious New Rocket". Satellite Today. 2018-07-18. https://www.satellitetoday.com/launch/2018/07/18/landspace-unveils-highly-ambitious-new-rocket/.
18. ↑ "Landspace - ZQ-2 / Suzaku No. 2". https://www.globalsecurity.org/space/world/china/zq-2.htm.
19. ↑ "Chinese space launch firm Landspace raises $71 million". 10 December 2019. https://spacenews.com/chinese-space-launch-firm-landspace-raises-71-million/.
20. ↑ Advanced rocket engine ready for space mission May 2019
21. ↑ LandSpace Completes Hot Fire Test of Groundbreaking TQ-12 Methalox Engine May 2019
22. ↑ Lan, Chen; Myrrhe, Jacqueline (3 September 2019). "Will LandSpace be China's SpaceX?". The Space Review. http://www.thespacereview.com/article/3787/1.
23. ↑ Advanced rocket engine ready for space mission, Space Daily, 2019-05-21
24. ↑ Jones, Andrew (5 June 2020). "Chinese private launch firms advance with methane engines, launch preparations and new funding". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/chinese-private-launch-firms-advance-with-methane-engines-launch-preparations-and-new-funding/.
25. ↑ Beil, Adrian (14 December 2022). "Chinese Zhuque-2 fails during first methalox orbital launch attempt". NASASpaceFlight. https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/12/zhuque2-debut/.
26. ↑ Beil, Adrian (31 March 2023). "LandSpace readies for second flight of ZhuQue-2 amid launch salvo". NASASpaceFlight. https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/03/zhuque2-flight-2/.
27. ↑ Doug Messier (20 December 2017). "EXPACE Raises US$182 Million for Small Satellite Launchers". Parabolic Arc. http://www.parabolicarc.com/2017/12/20/expace-raises-182-million-small-satellite-launchers/.

## External links

* Official website: 蓝箭官网

* v
* t
* e

Chinese launch systems

Sounding rockets|

* T-7
* OS-XO

Orbital launch vehicles|

| Active|

* Hyperbola-1
* Jielong 1
* Kaituozhe 2
* Kuaizhou
* 1
* 1A
* Long March
* CZ-2C
* 2D
* 2F
* 3A
* 3B/E
* 3C
* 4B
* 4C
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 7A
* 11
* OS-M1
* Zhuque-1

|

In development|

* Hyperbola-2
* Kuaizhou
* 11
* 21
* 31
* Long March
* CZ-8
* 9
* New Line 1
* OS-M2
* OS-M4
* Zhuque-2

Retired|

* Feng Bao 1
* Kaituozhe-1
* Long March
* CZ-1
* 1D
* 2A
* 2E
* 3
* 3B
* 4A

* v
* t
* e

Orbital launch systems

* List of orbital launch systems
* Comparison of orbital launch systems

Current|

* Angara
* A5
* Antares 230+
* Ariane 5
* Atlas V
* Delta IV Heavy
* Electron
* Epsilon
* Falcon 9 Block 5
* Falcon Heavy
* GSLV
* Mk II
* Mk III
* H-IIA
* H-IIB
* Hyperbola-1
* Jielong 1
* Kuaizhou
* 1
* 1A
* Kaituozhe 2
* Long March
* 2C
* 2D
* 2F
* 3A
* 3B/E
* 3C
* 4B
* 4C
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 11
* Minotaur
* I
* IV
* V
* C
* OS-M1
* Pegasus XL
* Proton-M
* PSLV
* Safir
* Shavit
* Simorgh
* Soyuz-2
* 2.1a / STA
* 2.1b / STB
* 2-1v
* Unha
* Vega
* Zenit
* 3SL
* 3SLB
* 3F
* Zhuque-1

In development|

* Angara 1.2
* Ariane 6
* Bloostar
* Cyclone-4M
* Eris
* Firefly Alpha
* Beta
* H3
* Hyperbola-2
* Irtysh
* Kuaizhou
* 11
* 21
* 31
* LauncherOne
* Long March
* 8
* 9
* Miura 5
* New Glenn
* New Line 1
* Nuri
* OmegA
* OS-M2
* OS-M4
* Orbex Prime
* SLS
* Soyuz-7
* SSLV
* Starship
* Terran 1
* Vega C
* Vega E
* Vulcan
* Zero
* Zhuque-2

Retired|

* Antares 110/120/130/230
* Ariane
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* ASLV
* Athena
* I
* II
* Atlas
* B
* D
* E/F
* G
* H
* I
* II
* III
* LV-3B
* SLV-3
* Able
* Agena
* Centaur
* Black Arrow
* Conestoga
* Delta
* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* G
* J
* L
* M
* N
* 0100
* 1000
* 2000
* 3000
* 4000
* 5000
* II
* III
* IV
* Diamant
* Dnepr
* Energia
* Europa
* Falcon 1
* Falcon 9
* v1.0
* v1.1
* v1.2 "Full Thrust"
* Feng Bao 1
* GSLV
* Mk I
* H-I
* H-II
* Juno I
* Juno II
* Kaituozhe-1
* Kosmos
* 1
* 2I
* 3
* 3M
* Lambda 4S
* Long March
* 1
* 1D†
* 2A
* 2E
* 3
* 3B
* 4A
* Mu
* 4S 3C 3H 3S 3SII
* V
* N1†
* N-I
* N-II
* Naro-1
* Paektusan
* Pilot†
* R-7
* Luna
* Molniya
* M
* L
* Polyot
* Soyuz
* original
* FG
* L
* M
* U
* U2
* Soyuz/Vostok
* Sputnik
* Voskhod
* Vostok
* L
* K
* 2
* 2M
* R-29
* Shtil'
* Volna
* Saturn
* I
* IB
* V
* Scout
* SLV
* Space Shuttle
* SPARK†
* Sparta
* SS-520
* Start-1
* Thor
* Able
* Ablestar
* Agena
* Burner
* Delta
* DSV-2U
* Thorad-Agena
* Titan
* II GLV
* IIIA
* IIIB
* IIIC
* IIID
* IIIE
* 34D
* 23G
* CT-3
* IV
* Tsyklon
* 2
* 3
* 4
* UR (Proton)
* UR-500 (Proton)
* Proton-K
* Rokot
* Strela
* Vanguard
* VLS-1†
* Zenit
* 2
* 2M

Classes|

* Sounding rocket
* Small-lift launch vehicle
* Medium-lift launch vehicle
* Heavy-lift launch vehicle
* Super heavy-lift launch vehicle

* Symbol † indicates projects terminated before a successful orbital launch

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