Comparison of document markup languages

Short description: none

The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of document markup languages. Please see the individual markup languages' articles for further information.

## Contents

* 1 General information
* 2 Characteristics
* 3 Notes
* 4 See also

## General information

See also: Lightweight markup language

Basic general information about the markup languages: creator, version, etc.

Language | First public release date  | Creator  | Editor  | Viewer

|
|
|
|

AsciiDoc | 2002  | Stuart Rackham  | Text editor | Output to XHTML, HTML, DocBook (which can convert to PDF, EPUB, DVI, LaTeX, roff, and PostScript)
Computable Document Format | 2010  | Wolfram Research | Wolfram Language & Mathematica | CDF Player; CDF format can also be embedded in web pages viewable with conventional browsers.
Creole | 2007  |  | Text editor | Output to HTML, RTF, LaTeX, others; renderers for MFC, others.
Darwin Information Typing Architecture (DITA) | 2005  | IBM, OASIS | Text/XML editor | Output to HTML, PDF, CHM, javadoc, others.
DocBook | 1992  | The Davenport Group, OASIS | XML editor | Output to HTML, PDF, CHM, javadoc, others.
Encoded Archival Description (EAD) | 1998  | Berkeley Project  | Text editor | Web browser
Extensible HyperText Markup Language (XHTML) | 2000 (January 26)  | W3C  | Text/XML editor, HTML editor | Web browser
Halibut | 1999  | Simon Tatham  | Text editor | Output to ASCII text, HTML, PDF, PostScript, Unix man pages, GNU Info, Windows Help (.CHM files), Windows WinHelp (old .HLP files)
HyperText Markup Language (HTML) | 1993  | Tim Berners-Lee | Text editor, HTML editor | Web browser
LilyPond  | 1996  | Han-Wen Nienhuys, Jan Nieuwenhuizen  | Text editor, Scorewriter | Output to DVI, PDF, PostScript, PNG, others.
Maker Interchange Format (MIF)  | 1986  | Frame Technology acquired by Adobe Systems in 1995  | Text editor, FrameMaker  | FrameMaker
MakeDoc | 2000  | Carl Sassenrath | Text editor | Web browser (XHTML or HTML output)
Markdown | 2004  | John Gruber  | Text editor, E-mail client  | Web browser (XHTML or HTML output), preview in gedit-markdown-plugin
Math Markup Language (MathML) | 1999 (July)  | W3C  | Text/XML editor, TeX converter  | Web browser, Word processor
The Music Encoding Initiative (MEI) | 1999  | The MEI Community  | XML editor | Verovio
Music Extensible Markup Language (MusicXML) | 2002  | Recordare  | Scorewriter | Scorewriter
MyST Markdown | 2019  | ExecutableBooks team  | Text editor | Output to Word processor, LaTeX, PDF, Markdown.
Office Open XML (OOXML) | 2006  | Ecma International, ISO/IEC | Office suite | Office suite
OpenDocument Format (ODF) | 2005  | OASIS, ISO/IEC | Office suite | Office suite
Open Mathematical Documents (OMDoc) | 2000  | Michael Kohlhase | Text/XML editor[1] | Output to XHTML+MathML, TeX, others.
Org-mode | 2003  | Org-mode project  | Emacs, text editor  | Emacs. Output to HTML, PDF, DocBook, FreeMind, OpenDocument Format (ODF), others.
reStructuredText | 2001[2] | David Goodger  | Text editor | Output to HTML, LaTeX, PDF, Unix man pages, ODT, S5 (HTML Slide Shows), XML, others.
Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) | 2004  | W3C  | Vector graphics editor | Web browser, etc.
Script
GML | 1968
1971  | IBM | Text editor | GDDM, AFP viewer
TeX
LaTeX | 1978
1984  | Donald Knuth
Leslie Lamport | Text editor | DVI or Portable Document Format (PDF) converter
Texinfo | 1986  | Richard Stallman | Text editor | output to DVI, Portable Document Format (PDF), HTML, DocBook, others.
TeXmacs format  | 1998  | Joris van der Hoeven  | Text editor/TeXmacs editor | PDF or PostScript files. Converters exist for TeX/LaTeX and XHTML+Mathml
Textile | 2002[3] | Dean Allen  | Text editor | Web browser (XHTML or HTML output), reference and tester (uses latest PHP-Textile version 3.5.5)
Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) | 1990  | Text Encoding Initiative Consortium  | Text/XML editor | Web Browser (using XHTML), PDF, Word Processor (using ODF) or EPUB
troff (typesetter runoff)
groff (GNU runoff) | 1973
1990  | Joe Ossanna  | Text editor | groffer, or output to PostScript
Wireless Markup Language (WML) | 1999  | WAP Forum  | Text/XML editor | Mobile browser
Language | First public release date  | Creator  | Editor  | Viewer

Note: While Rich Text Format (RTF) is human readable, it is not considered to be a markup language and is thus excluded from the table.

## Characteristics

Some characteristics of the markup languages.[definition needed]

Language  | Major purpose  | Based on  | Markup type  | Structural markup  | Presentational markup[4] | Open format

|
|
|
|
|
|

AsciiDoc | Multi-purpose  |  | Tag  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes
Computable Document Format | Interactive technical documents, infographics, blogs[5] | Wolfram Language | Tag  | Yes  | Yes  | No
Darwin Information Typing Architecture (DITA) | Technical documents  | XML | Tag  | Yes  | Yes[6] | Yes
DocBook | Technical documents  | SGML / XML | Tag  | Yes  | Yes[7] | Yes
Encoded Archival Description (EAD) | Finding aids | XML | Tag  | Yes  | No  |
Extensible HyperText Markup Language (XHTML) | Hypertext documents  | XML | Tag  | Yes  | Yes[8] | Yes
FictionBook  | Multi-purpose  | XML | Tag  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes
Halibut | Technical documents  |  | Control code  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes
HyperText Markup Language (HTML) | Hypertext documents  | SGML | Tag  | Yes  | Yes[9] | Yes
Lilypond  | Music notation  |  | Control code  | Yes  | Yes  |
Maker Interchange Format (MIF)  | Technical documents  |  | Tag  | Yes  | Yes  |
Markdown | Formatted technical documents, hypertext documents, e-mail  | Text e-mail conventions  | Tag  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes
Math Markup Language (MathML) | Mathematical documents  | XML | Tag  | Yes  | Yes[10] |
The Music Encoding Initiative (MEI) | Music notation  | XML | Tag  | Yes  | Yes  |
Music Extensible Markup Language (MusicXML) | Music notation  | XML | Tag  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes
Office Open XML (OOXML) | Multi-purpose  | XML / ZIP | Tag  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes
OpenDocument Format (ODF) | Multi-purpose  | XML / ZIP | Tag  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes
Open Mathematical Document (OMDoc) | Mathematical documents  | XML | Tag  | Yes[11] | Yes[12] |
Org-mode | Multi-purpose (notes, project management, publishing, literate programming)  | Text outliner  | Tag  | Yes  | Yes  |
reStructuredText | Technical and multi-purpose documents[13] | Structured text and Setext  | Tag  | Yes  | Yes[14] | Yes
Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) | 2D vector graphics | XML | Tag  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes
Script
GML | Multi-purpose  | RUNOFF  | Control code  | Yes  | Yes  |
TeX
LaTeX | Academic documents,
multi-purpose[15] |  | Control code  | Yes  | Yes  |
Texinfo | Technical documents  | TeX, Scribe | Control code  | Yes  | Yes  |
TeXmacs format  | Academic documents  | tree | Tag  | Yes  | Yes  |
Textile | Hypertext documents  | AsciiDoc (based on some similarities and dates of release)  | Tag  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes
Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) | Academic, linguistic, literary and technical documents  | SGML / XML | Tag  | Yes  | No  |
troff (typesetter runoff), groff (GNU runoff) | Technical documents  | RUNOFF  | Control code  | Yes  | Yes  |
Wireless Markup Language (WML) | Hypertext documents  | XML | Tag  | Yes  | Yes  |
Language  | Major purpose  | Based on  | Markup type  | Structural markup  | Presentational markup  | Open format

## Notes

1. ↑ An Emacs mode and a Mozilla extension are available.
2. ↑ "An Introduction to reStructuredText". 2 April 2022. https://docutils.sourceforge.net/docs/ref/rst/introduction.html#history.
3. ↑ "Textism › Tools › Textile". 26 December 2002. http://textism.com/tools/textile/.
4. ↑ Many markup languages have purposely avoided presentational markups. For markup languages based on SGML and XML, CSS is used as a presentation layer.
5. ↑ Uses and Examples of the Computable Document Format (CDF), Wolfram.com.
6. ↑ Includes basic presentational content and SVG and MathML markup, officially supported in version 1.3. In select XML editors and management systems, the images and content can be viewed as rendered, through CSS mostly.
7. ↑ Presentational content is supported through SVG and MathML markup. In select XML editors, the images can be viewed as rendered.
8. ↑ Presentational markup is deprecated as of XHTML 1.0 and no longer allowed as of XHTML 1.1
9. ↑ Presentational markup is deprecated as of HTML 4.0
10. ↑ MathML comes in two mark-up syntaxes: a semantic and a presentational.
11. ↑ uses Content MathML, OpenMath or other formats for formulae
12. ↑ Exact presentation of symbols can be specified in OMDoc; these specifications are used when transforming OMDoc to a presentational format.
13. ↑ "An Introduction to reStructuredText". 2 April 2022. https://docutils.sourceforge.net/docs/ref/rst/introduction.html#goals.
14. ↑ uses CSS
15. ↑ While Donald Knuth wrote TeX for Academic publications and Leslie Lamport wrote LaTeX for similar purpose, packages are available from Comprehensive TeX Archive Network (CTAN) for nonacademic purposes, e.g., writing scripts.

## See also

* List of document markup languages
* Comparison of Office Open XML and OpenDocument
* Comparison of e-book formats
* Comparison of data-serialization formats

* v
* t
* e

HTML editors

* Web design

Open-source|

* Aptana
* Arachnophilia
* Atom
* Bluefish
* CudaText
* Eclipse
* Emacs
* Komodo Edit
* NetBeans
* TextMate
* Visual Studio Code

| CodeMirror-based|

* Brackets
* Light Table

|

Mozilla Composer-based|

* BlueGriffon

Scintilla-based|

* FlashDevelop
* Geany
* Notepad++
* Notepad2
* SciTE

Web-based|

* Ace
* Aloha Editor
* CKEditor
* CodeMirror
* ContentTools
* TinyMCE
* VisualEditor
* WYMeditor
* YUI Rich Text Editor

Freeware|

* FirstPage
* Google Web Designer
* HTML-Kit
* Visual Studio Community
* Visual Studio Express
* Mobirise
* openElement
* PSPad
* RJ TextEd
* TED Notepad
* TextWrangler

Commercial
software|

| Cross-platform|

* Adobe Dreamweaver
* Adobe Muse
* Froala Editor
* Komodo IDE
* Oxygen XML Editor
* PhpStorm
* Sublime Text
* UltraEdit

|

macOS only|

* BBEdit
* Coda
* Freeway
* PageSpinner
* Sandvox
* Smultron

Windows only|

* Codelobster
* CoffeeCup HTML Editor
* EditPlus
* EmEditor
* Visual Studio
* Multi-Edit
* NetObjects Fusion
* NoteTab
* TextPad
* TopStyle
* Xara Web Designer

Discontinued|

* AOLpress
* Adobe Contribute
* Adobe GoLive
* Adobe PageMill
* Alleycode HTML Editor
* Amaya
* Arena
* Home Page
* ConTEXT
* EZGenerator
* Frame-IT!
* gPHPedit
* gwrite
* HoTMetaL
* HotDog
* iWeb
* KompoZer
* Macaw
* HomeSite
* Microsoft Expression Web
* Microsoft FrontPage
* Microsoft SharePoint Designer
* Microsoft WebMatrix
* Mozilla Composer
* Netscape Composer
* Nvu
* PHPEdit
* Quanta Plus
* SeaMonkey Composer
* tkWWW
* Nexus (WorldWideWeb)
* Maqetta

Helper tools|

* CSE HTML Validator
* CSSTidy
* FrameGang
* HTML Tidy
* Pandoc

* Category
* Comparison
* List

* v
* t
* e

E-books

Formats|

* ePub
* FictionBook
* CBR/CBZ
* Kindle File Format
* Mobipocket
* PDF
* Plain text
* IBA

Reading|

| Devices|

* Amazon Kindle
* Barnes & Noble Nook
* Bookeen
* Elonex ebook
* enTourage eDGe
* Hanlin eReader
* iPad
* iriver Story
* Kobo eReader
* Onyx Boox
* Plastic Logic Reader
* PocketBook eReader
* Rocket eBook
* SoftBook
* Smartphones
* Tablets
* Tolino

|

Software|

* Adobe Acrobat
* Adobe Digital Editions
* Aldiko
* Apple Books (iBooks)
* Aquafadas
* Blio
* Bluefire Reader
* Calibre
* FBReader
* Google Play Books
* Kindle app
* Kitabu
* Kobo
* Lektz
* Lucifox
* Okular
* OverDrive Media Console
* Snapplify
* STDU Viewer
* Sumatra PDF

Editing|

* ABBYY FineReader
* AbiWord
* Adobe InDesign
* Adobe RoboHelp
* Aquafadas
* Atlantis Word Processor
* Booktype
* Calibre
* Calligra Author
* eXeLearning
* Help & Manual
* HelpNDoc
* iBooks Author
* iStudio Publisher
* LaTeX
* LibreOffice
* MadCap Flare
* Oxygen XML Editor
* PagePlus
* Pages
* QuarkXPress
* Scrivener
* Sigil
* Writer2epub

Vendors|

| Commercial|

* Amazon Kindle Store
* Baen Free Library
* Barnes & Noble
* Booktrack
* Feedbooks
* Google Play
* iBooks Store
* Jarir.com
* Kobo Bookstore
* Sony Reader Store
* Smashwords

|

Noncommercial|

* Faded Page
* HathiTrust
* Internet Archive
* Project Gutenberg
* Australia
* Canada
* Wikisource

Related
topics|

* Academic journal publishing reform
* Braille e-book
* Comparison of e-book readers
* Comparison of iOS e-book reader software
* Comparison of Android e-book reader software
* E-book lending
* Electronic publishing
* iBooks Author Conference
* International Digital Publishing Forum
* Kindle single
* OPDS
* Reflowable document
* Semantic publishing

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