Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay

Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) is a program initiated by the World Meteorological Organization. AMDAR is used to collect meteorological data worldwide by using commercial aircraft.

Data is collected by the aircraft navigation systems and the onboard standard temperature and static pressure probes. The data is then preprocessed before linking them down to the ground either via VHF communication (ACARS) or via satellite link ASDAR.

A detailed description is given in the AMDAR Reference Manual (WMO-No 958) available from the World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland[1]

The program was created in the 1990s, due to the introduction of digital avionics on airplanes. A specialized software package is installed on airplanes to collect the required data and form a standardized AMDAR report transmitted automatically at given intervals, without flight crew interaction[2][3]

## Usage

AMDAR transmissions are most commonly used in forecast models as a supplement to radiosonde data, to aid in the plotting of upper-air data between the standard radiosonde soundings at 00Z and 12Z.

## References

1. ↑ "Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) Reference Manual". World Meteorological Organization. 2003. https://library.wmo.int/doc_num.php?explnum_id=9026.
2. ↑ AMDAR – the unknown giant
3. ↑ Aircraft-based observations

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Earth-based meteorological equipment and instrumentation

* Anemometer
* Atmometer
* Barograph
* Barometer
* Ceiling balloon
* Ceiling projector
* Ceilometer
* Dark adaptor goggles
* Dewcell
* Disdrometer
* Dropsonde
* Field mill
* Heat flux sensor
* Hygrometer
* Ice accretion indicator
* Lidar
* Lightning detector
* Nephelometer
* Nephoscope
* Pan evaporation
* Pyranometer
* Pyrheliometer
* Radiosonde
* Rain gauge
* Snow gauge
* Snowboard
* Snow pillow
* SODAR
* Solarimeter
* Sounding rocket
* Stevenson screen
* Sunshine recorder
* Tethersonde
* Thermo-hygrograph
* Thermometer
* Tide gauge
* Transmissometer
* Weather balloon
* Weather buoy
* Weather radar
* Weather vane
* Whole sky camera
* Wind profiler
* Windsock

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Earth-based meteorological observation systems and weather stations

General

* Aircraft report (AIREP)
* Automated airport weather station
* Automatic weather station (AWS)
* Binary Universal Form for the Representation of meteorological data (BUFR)
* Dropsonde
* Hurricane Hunters
* Mesonet
* Meteorological Aerodrome Report (METAR)
* Pilot report (PIREP)
* Weather ship

By region

| Worldwide|

* Aircraft Communication Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS)
* Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR)
* Argo
* Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (AMeDAS)
* Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART)
* FluxNet Project (FluxNet)
* Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW)
* Global Sea Level Observing System (GLOSS)
* Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Atlantic (PIRATA)
* Research Moored Array for African-Asian-Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction (RAMA)
* Tropical Atmosphere Ocean project (TAO/TRITON)
* Voluntary observing ship program

|

United States|

* Citizen Weather Observer Program (CWOP)
* Coastal-Marine Automated Network (C-MAN)
* NEXRAD radar
* Snow Telemetry (SNOTEL)
* Remote Automated Weather Station (RAWS)
* Road Weather Information System (RWIS)
* Tropospheric Airborne Meteorological Data Reporting (TAMDAR)

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