Antarctic Plate

Short description: Major tectonic plate containing Antarctica and the surrounding ocean floor

Antarctic Plate

Type| Major
Approximate area| 60,900,000 km2 (23,500,000 sq mi)[1]
Movement1| South-west
Speed1| 12–14 mm (0.47–0.55 in)/year
Features| Antarctica, Kerguelen Plateau, Southern Ocean
1Relative to the African Plate

The Antarctic Plate is a tectonic plate containing the continent of Antarctica, the Kerguelen Plateau, and some remote islands in the Southern Ocean and other surrounding oceans. After breakup from Gondwana (the southern part of the supercontinent Pangea), the Antarctic plate began moving the continent of Antarctica south to its present isolated location, causing the continent to develop a much colder climate.[2] The Antarctic Plate is bounded almost entirely by extensional mid-ocean ridge systems. The adjoining plates are the Nazca Plate, the South American Plate, the African Plate, the Somali Plate, the Indo-Australian Plate, the Pacific Plate, and, across a transform boundary, the Scotia Plate.

The Antarctic Plate has an area of about 60,900,000 km2 (23,500,000 sq mi).[3] It is Earth's fifth-largest tectonic plate.

The Antarctic Plate's movement is estimated to be at least 1 cm (0.4 in) per year towards the Atlantic Ocean.[4]

## Subduction beneath South America

The Antarctic Plate started to subduct beneath South America 14 million years ago in the Miocene epoch. At first it subducted only in the southernmost tip of Patagonia, meaning that the Chile Triple Junction lay near the Strait of Magellan. As the southern part of the Nazca Plate and the Chile Rise became consumed by subduction the more northerly regions of the Antarctic Plate began to subduct beneath Patagonia so that the Chile Triple Junction lies at present in front of Taitao Peninsula at 46°15' S.[5][6] The subduction of the Antarctic Plate beneath South America is held to have uplifted Patagonia as it reduced the previously vigorous down-dragging flow in the Earth's mantle caused by the subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath Patagonia. The dynamic topography caused by this uplift raised Quaternary-aged marine terraces and beaches across the Atlantic coast of Patagonia.[6]

## Land

* Amsterdam Island (France )
* Antarctica (Antarctic Treaty System)
* East Antarctica
* Transantarctic Mountains
* West Antarctica
* Antarctic Peninsula
* Crozet Islands (France)
* Heard Island and McDonald Islands (Australia )
* Heard Island
* McDonald Islands
* Kerguelen Islands (France)
* Peter I Island (Antarctic Treaty System)
* Prince Edward Islands (South Africa )
* Saint Paul Island (France)
* South Orkney Islands (Antarctic Treaty System)
* South Shetland Islands (Antarctic Treaty System)
* Shetland Plate

## References

1. ↑ "Sizes of Tectonic or Lithospheric Plates". Geology.about.com. March 5, 2014. http://geology.about.com/library/bl/blplate_size_table.htm.
2. ↑ Fitzgerald, Paul (2002). "Tectonics and landscape evolution of the Antarctic plate since the breakup of Gondwana, with an emphasis on the West Antarctic Rift System and the Transantarctic Mountains". Royal Society of New Zealand Bulletin (35): 453–469. http://www.geology.cwu.edu/facstaff/huerta/g501/pdf/Fitzgerald2002.pdf. Retrieved February 1, 2015.
3. ↑ Wohletz, K.H.; Brown, W.K.. "SFT and the Earth's Tectonic Plates". Los Alamos National Laboratory. http://www.ees1.lanl.gov/Wohletz/SFT-Tectonics.htm.
4. ↑ Jiang, Wei-Ping; E, Dong-Chen; Zhan, Bi-Wei; Liu, You-Wen (2009). "New Model of Antarctic Plate Motion and Its Analysis" (in en). Chinese Journal of Geophysics 52 (1): 23–32. doi:10.1002/cjg2.1323. ISSN 2326-0440.
5. ↑ "Late Cenozoic Tectonics of the Southern Chile Trench". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 91 (B1): 471–496. 1986. doi:10.1029/JB091iB01p00471. Bibcode: 1986JGR....91..471C.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Uplift of quaternary shorelines in eastern Patagonia: Darwin revisited". Geomorphology 127 (3–4): 121–142. 2011. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.08.003. Bibcode: 2011Geomo.127..121P. https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00610899/file/pedoja2011.pdf.

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Tectonic plates

Major|

* African
* Indo-Australian Plate
* Australian
* Indian
* Antarctic
* Eurasian
* North American
* Pacific
* South American

Minor|

* Amurian
* Arabian
* Caribbean
* Caroline
* Cocos
* Juan de Fuca
* Nazca
* Okhotsk
* Philippine
* Scotia
* Somali
* Yangtze

Other|

* Adriatic
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* Banda Sea
* Bird's Head
* Burma
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* Explorer
* Futuna
* Galapagos
* Gonâve
* Gorda
* Greenland
* Halmahera
* Iberian
* Iranian
* Juan Fernández
* Kerguelen
* Kermadec
* Madagascar
* Malpelo
* Manus
* Maoke
* Mariana
* Molucca Sea
* New Hebrides
* Niuafo’ou
* North Andes
* North Bismarck
* North Galapagos
* Nubian
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* Rivera
* Sangihe
* Seychelles
* Shetland
* Solomon Sea
* South Bismarck
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* Sunda
* Timor
* Tisza
* Tonga
* Woodlark

Historical|

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