Bioregion

Short description: Ecology terminology

A bioregion is an ecologically and geographically defined area that is smaller than a biogeographic realm, but larger than an ecoregion or an ecosystem, in the World Wide Fund for Nature classification scheme. There is also an attempt to use the term in a rank-less generalist sense, similar to the terms "biogeographic area" or "biogeographic unit".[1] It may be conceptually similar to an ecoprovince.[2] It is also differently used in the environmentalist context, being coined by Berg and Dasmann (1977).[3][4]

## WWF bioregions

Main page: Earth:Global 200

The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) scheme divides some of the biogeographic realms into bioregions, defined as "geographic clusters of ecoregions that may span several habitat types, but have strong biogeographic affinities, particularly at taxonomic levels higher than the species level (genus, family)." The WWF bioregions are as follows:[citation needed]

* Afrotropical realm[5]
* Western Africa and Sahel
* Central Africa
* Eastern and Southern Africa
* Horn of Africa
* Madagascar –Indian Ocean
* Antarctic realm
* Australasian realm[6]
* Australia
* New Guinea and Melanesia
* New Zealand
* Wallacea
* Indomalayan realm[6]
* Indian subcontinent
* Indochina
* Sunda Shelf and Philippine Archipelago
* Nearctic realm[7]
* Canadian Shield
* Eastern North America
* Northern Mexico and Southwestern United States
* Western North America
* Neotropical realm[8]
* Amazonia
* Caribbean
* Central America
* Central Andes
* Brazil
* Everglades
* Northern Andes
* Orinoco
* Southern South America
* Micronesia
* Polynesia
* Palearctic realm[citation needed]
* Asia
* East Asia north of the Himalayan system's foothills to the Arctic
* Himalayan
* Tibetan Plateau steppe
* Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau
* Northeast Asia
* Russian Far East
* Central Asia – Iranian Plateau and north to the Arctic.
* Temperate Asia biocountry
* Mongolian Plateau
* Eurasian Steppe
* Asian Russia (central)
* Asian-Siberian region
* Western Asia
* Arabian Desert
* Mediterranean Near East (roughly corresponds to the Levant)
* Anatolian Plateau
* Transcaucasia
* Northern Africa
* Atlantic coastal desert
* Sahara Desert
* Mediterranean Maghreb
* Atlas montane
* Europe
* European Mediterranean Basin
* Iberian Peninsula
* Balkan Peninsula
* North Caucasus
* Alps montane
* Carpathians
* Scandinavia
* European Russia
* Euro-Siberian region
* Macaronesia

## See also

* All pages with titles containing Bioregion
* Ecological classification
* Ecology terminology
* Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA)

## References

1. ↑ Vilhena, D., Antonelli, A. (2015). proach for identifying and delimiting biogeographical regions. Nature Communications 6, 6848, [1].
2. ↑ Ecological Framework of Canada – Levels of Generalization
3. ↑ Berg, P. and Dasmann, R. (1977). Reinhabiting California. The Ecologist 7 (10): 399–401.
4. ↑ Miller, K. 1999. What is bioregional planning?. In: R. Crofts, E. Maltby, R. Smith and L. Maclean (eds). Integrated Planning: International Perspectives. Battleby, Scotland 7–9 April 1999: IUCN & Scottish Natural Heritage.
5. ↑ Burgess, N.D.; D'Amico Hales, J.; Dinerstein, E.; et al. (2004). Terrestrial eco-regions of Africa and Madagascar: A conservation assessment. Washington DC.: Island Press [2]
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Wikramanayake, Eric; Eric Dinerstein; Colby J. Loucks; et al. (2002). Terrestrial Ecoregions of the Indo-Pacific: a Conservation Assessment. Washington, DC: Island Press
7. ↑ Ricketts, Taylor H., Eric Dinerstein, David M. Olson, Colby J. Loucks, et al. (1999). Terrestrial Ecoregions of North America: a Conservation Assessment. Island Press, Washington DC., [3]
8. ↑ Dinerstein, E., Olson, D. Graham, D.J. et al. (1995). A Conservation Assessment of the Terrestrial Ecoregions of Latin America and the Caribbean. World Bank, Washington DC., [4].

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Biogeographic regionalisations

Biomes|

| Terrestrial
biomes|

| Polar/montane|

* Tundra
* Taiga
* Montane grasslands and shrublands

|

Temperate|

* Coniferous forests
* Broadleaf and mixed forests
* Deciduous forests
* Grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

Tropical and
subtropical|

* Coniferous forests
* Moist broadleaf forests
* Dry broadleaf forests
* Grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

Dry|

* Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
* Deserts and xeric shrublands

Wet|

* Flooded grasslands and savannas
* Riparian
* Wetland
* Mangrove

Aquatic
biomes|

* Pond
* Littoral
* Intertidal
* Mangroves
* Kelp forests
* Coral reefs
* Neritic zone
* Pelagic zone
* Benthic zone
* Hydrothermal vents
* Cold seeps
* Demersal zone

Other biomes|

* Endolithic zone

Biogeographic
realms|

| Terrestrial|

* Afrotropical
* Antarctic
* Australasian
* Indomalayan
* Nearctic
* Neotropical
* Oceanian
* Palearctic

|

Marine|

* Arctic
* Tropical Atlantic
* Central Indo-Pacific
* Western Indo-Pacific
* Temperate Northern Pacific
* Tropical Eastern Pacific
* Southern Ocean

Subdivisions|

* Biogeographic provinces
* Bioregions
* Ecoregions
* Lists of ecoregions
* Global 200 ecoregions

See also|

* Ecological land classification
* Floristic kingdoms
* Vegetation classifications
* Zoogeographic regions

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