Biosphere model

Biosphere

In climate science, a biosphere model, is used to model the biosphere of Earth, and can be coupled with atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs) for modelling the entire climate system. It has been suggested that terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) are a more inclusive term than land surface models (LSMs).[1] The representation of roots in TBMs (or LSMs), however, remains relatively crude. Particularly, the dynamic functions of roots and phylogenetic basis of water uptake remain largely absent[2][3] in TBMs (or LSMs).

## Contents

* 1 Models
* 2 See also
* 3 References
* 4 Further reading

## Models

The Daisyworld computer simulation from 1983, calculated how radiant energy increased or decreased, dependent on the albedo effect, based on changes in the biosphere.[4]

The Simple Biosphere (SiB) model, presented by Sellers et al. in 1986, calculates transfer of energy, mass and momentum of the atmosphere and the vegetated surface of the Earth. The model is designed for use in atmospheric general circulation models, to account for the related climate attribution of the biosphere.[5] A revised version was published in 1996 and incorporates satellite measurements.[6]

The Ent Dynamic Terrestrial Biosphere Model is a global vegetation model for use with the Earth System Modeling Framework.[7]

## See also

* Earth's energy budget
* Ice-sheet model
* Land surface models

## References

1. ↑ Warren, Jeffrey M.; Hanson, Paul J.; Iversen, Colleen M.; Kumar, Jitendra; Walker, Anthony P.; Wullschleger, Stan D. (January 2015). "Root structural and functional dynamics in terrestrial biosphere models – evaluation and recommendations" (in en). New Phytologist 205 (1): 59–78. doi:10.1111/nph.13034. ISSN 0028-646X. PMID 25263989.
2. ↑ Iversen, Colleen M. (August 2014). "Using root form to improve our understanding of root function" (in en). New Phytologist 203 (3): 707–709. doi:10.1111/nph.12902. ISSN 0028-646X. PMID 25040729.
3. ↑ Knighton, James; Fricke, Evan; Evaristo, Jaivime; Boer, Hugo Jan; Wassen, Martin Joseph (2021-09-28). "Phylogenetic Underpinning of Groundwater Use by Trees" (in en). Geophysical Research Letters 48 (18). doi:10.1029/2021GL093858. ISSN 0094-8276. https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/412872/2021GL093858.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
4. ↑ Wood, Andrew J.; G.J. Ackland; J.G. Dyke; H.T.P. Williams; T.M. Lenton (2008-01-05). "Daisyworld: A review". Reviews of Geophysics (American Geophysical Union) 48 (RG1001): RG1001. doi:10.1029/2006RG000217. Bibcode: 2008RvGeo..46.1001W. http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2008/2006RG000217.shtml.
5. ↑ Sellers (1986). "A simple biosphere model (SiB) for use within general circulation models". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 43 (6): 505–531. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1986)043<0505:ASBMFU>2.0.CO;2.
6. ↑ Sellers (1996). "A Revised Land Surface Parameterization (SiB2) for Atmospheric GCMS. Part II: The Generation of Global Fields of Terrestrial Biophysical Parameters from Satellite Data". Journal of Climate 9: 707–737. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1986)043<0505:ASBMFU>2.0.CO;2.
7. ↑ "Ent Dynamic Terrestrial Biosphere Model" (in en). NASA. https://www.giss.nasa.gov/projects/ent/. Retrieved 27 August 2017.

## Further reading

* Fisher, Joshua B.; Huntzinger, Deborah N.; Schwalm, Christopher R.; Sitch, Stephen (17 October 2014). "Modeling the Terrestrial Biosphere". Annual Review of Environment and Resources 39 (1): 91–123. doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-012913-093456.

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Atmospheric, oceanographic, cryospheric, and climate models

Model types

* Atmospheric model
* Oceanographic model
* Cryospheric model
* Climate model
* Numerical weather prediction
* Tropical cyclone forecast model
* Atmospheric dispersion modeling
* Chemical transport model
* Upper-atmospheric models
* Ensemble forecasting
* Model output statistics
* Meteorological reanalysis
* Parametrization

Specific models

| Climate|

* IGCM
* HadCM3
* HadGEM1
* GFDL CM2.X
* CGCM
* CCSM
* CESM
* CFSv2
* ECHAM

|

Global weather|

* IFS (ECMWF)
* FIM
* GEM / GDPS
* FV3 GFS
* MPAS
* NAEFS
* NAVGEM
* UM
* JMA-GSM
* GME / ICON
* ARPEGE

Regional and mesoscale atmospheric|

* NAM
* RR / RAP
* RAMS
* WRF
* RAQMS
* HIRLAM
* LAPS
* RPM
* HWRF

Regional and mesoscale oceanographic|

* HyCOM
* ROMS
* POM
* MOM
* FVCOM
* MITgcm
* FESOM
* ADCIRC

Atmospheric dispersion|

* ADMS
* AERMOD
* ATSTEP
* AUSTAL2000
* CALPUFF
* DISPERSION21
* ISC3
* MEMO
* MERCURE
* NAME
* OSPM
* PUFF-PLUME
* RIMPUFF
* SAFE AIR

Chemical transport|

* CLaMS
* MOZART
* GEOS-Chem

Land surface parametrization|

* JULES
* CLASS
* ISBA

Cryospheric models|

* CICE

Discontinued|

* AVN / MRF / GSM / GFS
* Eta
* LFM
* MM5
* NGM
* NOGAPS
* RUC

* Mathematical model
* Statistical model
* Scientific modelling
* Computer simulation

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Scientific modelling

Biological|

* Cellular model
* Chemical process modeling
* Ecosystem model
* Infectious disease model
* Metabolic network modelling
* Modelling biological systems
* Protein structure prediction

Environmental|

* Atmospheric model
* Chemical transport model
* Climate model
* Geologic modelling
* Groundwater model
* Hydrological model
* Hydrological transport model
* Modular Ocean Model
* Wildfire modeling

Sustainability|

* Energy modeling
* Integrated assessment modelling
* Population model

Social|

* Biopsychosocial model
* Business process modelling
* Catastrophe modeling
* Construction and management simulation
* Crime mapping
* Economic model
* Input-output model

Related topics|

* Data visualization
* List of computer simulation software
* Mathematical modeling
* Systems theory
* Systems thinking
* Visual analytics

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