Body of water

Short description: Any significant accumulation of water, generally on a planet's surface

For other uses, see Body of water (disambiguation). Not to be confused with Body water.

The Aubach, a watercourse in Germany A fjord (Lysefjord) in Norway.

A body of water or waterbody[1] is any significant accumulation of water on the surface of the earth. The term most often refers to oceans, seas, and lakes, but it includes smaller pools of water such as ponds, wetlands, or more rarely, puddles. A body of water does not have to be still or contained; rivers, streams, canals, and other geographical features where water moves from one place to another are also considered bodies of water.[2]

Most are naturally occurring and massive geographical features, but some are artificial. There are types that can be either. For example, most reservoirs are created by engineering dams, but some natural lakes are used as reservoirs. Similarly, most harbors are naturally occurring bays, but some harbors have been created through construction.

Bodies of water that are navigable are known as waterways. Some bodies of water collect and move water, such as rivers and streams, and others primarily hold water, such as lakes and oceans.

Bodies of water are affected by gravity, which is what creates the tidal effects.[3] The impact of climate change on water is likely to intensify as observed through the rising sea levels, water acidification and flooding. This means that climate change has pressure on water bodies.[4]

Climate change significantly affects bodies of water through rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and sea-level rise. Warmer temperatures lead to the melting of glaciers and polar ice, contributing to rising sea levels and affecting coastal ecosystems. Freshwater bodies, such as rivers and lakes, are experiencing more frequent droughts, affecting water availability for communities and biodiversity. Moreover, ocean acidification, caused by increased carbon dioxide absorption, threatens marine ecosystems like coral reefs.[5] Collaborative global efforts are needed to mitigate these impacts through sustainable water management practices.[6]

## Contents

* 1 Types
* 2 Gallery
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 4.1 Sources
* 4.2 Citations
* 5 External links

## Types

Bodies of water can be categorized into:

1. Rain water
2. Surface water
3. Underground water

There are some geographical features involving water that are not bodies of water, for example, geysers, rapids, and waterfalls.

Description of main types of bodies of water  Name | Description | Regions/dialects

|
|

Allt | Stream | Scottish Highlands |-  | Arm of the sea | also sea-arm, used to describe a sea loch. |
Arroyo | A usually-dry bed of a steep-sided stream, gully, or narrow channel that temporarily fills with water after heavy rain. See also wadi. | Southwest US
Artificial lake or artificial pond | see reservoir (impoundment). |
Barachois | A lagoon separated from the ocean by a sand bar. | Canada
Basin |  |
Bay | An area of water bordered by land on three sides, similar to, but smaller than a gulf. |
Bayou | A slow-moving stream or a marshy lake. | Southern US
Beck (stream) or Beck (gill) | A small stream (esp. with a rocky bottom); creek.[7] | Lincolnshire to Cumbria in areas which were once occupied by the Danes and Norwegians.[8]
Bight | A large and often only slightly receding bay, or a bend in any geographical feature. |
Billabong | an oxbow lake; a pond or still body of water created when a river changes course and some water becomes trapped. | Located in Australia
Boil | see seep |
Bog | a type of wetland that accumulates peat due to incomplete decomposition of plant matter. |
Bourne or Winterbourne | a brook; stream; small, seasonal stream.[9][10] | Chalk downland of southern England
Broad | A stationary inland body of fresh water | Norfolk and Suffolk area; cf. The Broads
Brook | A small stream; a creek.[11][12] |
Brooklet | A small brook. |
Burn | A small stream; a brook.[13][14] | Scotland and North East England.[15]
Canal | an artificial waterway, usually connected to (and sometimes connecting) existing lakes, rivers, or oceans.
Channel | the physical confine of a river, slough or ocean strait consisting of a bed and banks. See also stream bed and strait.
Cove | a coastal landform. Earth scientists generally use the term to describe a circular or round inlet with a narrow entrance, though colloquially the term is sometimes used to describe any sheltered bay. |
Creek | a (narrow) stream that is smaller than a river; a minor tributary of a river; brook.[21] | Australia, Canada, New Zealand, United States
Creek (tidal) | an inlet of the sea, narrower than a cove.[26] | Mainly British
Dam | A dam is a barrier that stops or restricts the flow of surface water or underground streams, or water reservoir resulting from placing such a structure. |
Delta | the location where a river flows into an ocean, sea, estuary, lake, or reservoir. |
Distributary or distributary channel | a stream that branches off and flows away from the main stream channel. |
Drainage basin | a region of land where water from rain or snowmelt drains downhill into another body of water, such as a river, lake, or reservoir.
Draw | a usually dry creek bed or gulch that temporarily fills with water after a heavy rain, or seasonally. See also wadi. |
Dyke (UK) | Either a narrow artificial channel off a river or broad for access or mooring, or a ditch (a water-filled drainage trench); not to be confused with Dyke (embankment) | Used in The Broads
Estuary | a semi-enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea |
Firth | Various coastal waters, such as large sea bays, estuaries, inlets, and straits. | Scottish
Fjord (fiord) | a narrow inlet of the sea between cliffs or steep slopes.[27] | Scandinavian
Gill or Ghyll | a narrow stream or rivulet; brook; narrow mountain stream.[31] | The north of England and Kent and Surrey influenced by Old Norse; The variant "ghyll" is used in the Lake District and appears to have been an invention of William Wordsworth.[32]
Glacier | a large collection of ice or a frozen river that moves slowly down a mountain. |
Glacial pothole | a giant's kettle. |
Gulf | a part of a lake or ocean that extends so that it is surrounded by land on three sides, similar to, but larger than a bay. |
Harbor | an artificial or naturally occurring body of water where ships are stored or may shelter from the ocean's weather and currents. |
Hot spring | a spring produced by the emergence of geothermally heated groundwater. |
Impoundment | an artificially-created body of water, by damming a source. Often used for flood control, as a drinking water supply (reservoir), recreation, ornamentation (artificial pond), or other purpose or combination of purposes. The process of creating an "impoundment" of water is itself called "impoundment". |
Ice cap | A body of frozen water less than 50,000 km2 not constrained by topographical features (i.e., they will lie over the top of mountains)
Ice field | A body of frozen water constrained by topographical features |
Ice sheet | A body of frozen water more than 50,000 km2
Inlet | a body of water, usually seawater, which has characteristics of one or more of the following: bay, cove, estuary, firth, fjord, geo, sea loch, or sound. |
Kettle (or kettle lake) | a shallow, sediment-filled body of water formed by retreating glaciers or draining floodwaters. |
Kill | a strait, river, or arm of the sea. | used in areas of Dutch influence in New York, New Jersey and other areas of the former New Netherland colony of Dutch America
Lagoon | a body of comparatively shallow salt or brackish water separated from the deeper sea by a shallow or exposed sandbank, coral reef, or similar feature. |
Lake | a body of water, usually freshwater, of relatively large size contained on a body of land. |
Lick | a small watercourse or an ephemeral stream |
Loch | a body of water such as a lake, sea inlet, firth, fjord, estuary or bay. | Scottish
Mangrove swamp | a saline coastal habitat of mangrove trees and shrubs. |
Marsh | a wetland featuring grasses, rushes, reeds, typhas, sedges, and other herbaceous plants (possibly with low-growing woody plants) in a context of shallow water. See also salt marsh. |
Mediterranean sea (oceanography) | a mostly enclosed sea that has a limited exchange of deep water with outer oceans and where the water circulation is dominated by salinity and temperature differences rather than winds |
Mere | a lake or body of water that is broad in relation to its depth. |
Mill pond | a reservoir built to provide flowing water to a watermill. |
Moat | a deep, broad trench, either dry or filled with water, surrounding and protecting a structure, installation, or town. |
Mud puddle |  |
Nant | Stream | Wales.[33]
Ocean | a major body of salty water that, in totality, covers about 71% of the Earth's surface. |
Oxbow lake | a U-shaped lake formed when a wide meander from the mainstem of a river is cut off to create a lake. |
Phytotelma | a small, discrete body of water held by some plants.
Plunge pool | a depression at the base of a waterfall. |
Pool | various small bodies of water such as a swimming pool, reflecting pool, pond, or puddle. |
Pond | a body of water smaller than a lake, especially those of artificial origin. |
Port | a maritime facility where ships may dock to load and discharge passengers and cargo. |
Pothole | see kettle |
Puddle | a small accumulation of water on a surface, usually the ground. |
Reflecting pool | a water feature usually consisting of a shallow pool of water, undisturbed by fountain jets, for a reflective surface. |
Reservoir | a place to store water for various uses, especially drinking water, which can be a natural or artificial (see lake and impoundment). |
Rill | a shallow channel of running water. These can be either natural or human-made. Also: a very small brook; rivulet; small stream.[34][35] |
River | a natural waterway usually formed by water derived from either precipitation or glacial meltwater, and flows from higher ground to lower ground. |
Rivulet | (UK, US literary) a small or very small stream.[36] | Victorian era publications.[37]
Roadstead | a place outside a harbor where a ship can lie at anchor; it is an enclosed area with an opening to the sea, narrower than a bay or gulf (often called a "roads"). |
Run | a small stream or part thereof, especially a smoothly flowing part of a stream. |
Salt marsh | a type of marsh that is a transitional zone between land and an area, such as a slough, bay, or estuary, with salty or brackish water. |
Sea | a large expanse of saline water connected with an ocean, or a large, usually saline, lake that lacks a natural outlet such as the Caspian Sea and the Dead Sea. In common usage, often synonymous with the ocean. |
Sea loch | a sea inlet loch. |
Sea lough | a fjord, estuary, bay or sea inlet. |
Seep | a body of water formed by a spring. |
Slough | several different meanings related to wetland or aquatic features. |
Source | the original point from which the river or stream flows. A river's source is sometimes a spring. |
Shoal | a natural submerged ridge, bank, or bar that consists of, or is covered by, sand or other unconsolidated material, and rises from the bed of a body of water to near the surface.
Sound | a large sea or ocean inlet larger than a bay, deeper than a bight, wider than a fjord, or it may identify a narrow sea or ocean channel between two bodies of land. |
Spring | a point where groundwater flows out of the ground, and is thus where the aquifer surface meets the ground surface |
Strait | a narrow channel of water that connects two larger bodies of water, and thus lies between two land masses. |
Stream | a body of water with a detectable current, confined within a bed and banks. |
Stream pool | a stretch of a river or stream in which the water is relatively deep and slow moving. |
Streamlet | a small stream; rivulet.[38] |
Subglacial lake | a lake that is permanently covered by ice and whose water remains liquid by the pressure of the ice sheet and geothermal heating. They often occur under glaciers or ice caps. Lake Vostok in Antarctica is an example. |
Swamp | a wetland that features permanent inundation of large areas of land by shallow bodies of water, generally with a substantial number of hummocks, or dry-land protrusions. |
Syke[39] | Stream | Scottish Lowlands and Cumbria
Swimming pool | an artificial container filled with water intended for swimming. |
Tank | (or stock tank, Texas) an artificial pond, usually for watering cattle or other livestock.[40] |
Tarn | a mountain lake or pool formed in a cirque excavated by a glacier. |
Tide pool | a rocky pool adjacent to an ocean and filled with seawater. |
Tributary or affluent | a stream or river that flows into the main stem (or parent) river or a lake. |
Vernal pool | a shallow, natural depression in level ground, with no permanent above-ground outlet, that holds water seasonally. |
Wadi | a usually-dry creek bed or gulch that temporarily fills with water after a heavy rain, or seasonally | Located in North Africa and Western Asia. See also arroyo (watercourse).
Wash | a usually dry creek bed or gulch that temporarily fills with water after a heavy rain, or seasonally. See also wadi. |
Wetland | an environment "at the interface between truly terrestrial ecosystems and truly aquatic systems making them different from each yet highly dependent on both".[41] |
Classification of main types of bodies of water  Name | Running/Stationary/Wetland | Running: Ephemeral/Perennial
Stationary: Coastal/non-coastal

|
|

Allt | Running
Arm of the sea | Stationary | Coastal
Arroyo | Running | Ephemeral (seasonal)
Artificial lake or artificial pond | Stationary
Barachois | Stationary | Coastal
Basin | Stationary
Bay | Stationary | Coastal
Bayou | Wetland
Beck (stream) or Beck (gill) | Running
Bight | Stationary | Coastal
Billabong | Stationary
Boil | Stationary
Bog | Stationary
Bourne or Winterbourne | Running | Ephemeral[42] When permanent, they are chalk streams.
Broad | Stationary
Brook | Running
Brooklet | Running
Burn | Running
Canal
Channel
Cove | Stationary | Coastal
Creek | Running
Creek (tidal)
Dam | Stationary
Delta |  | Coastal
Distributary or distributary channel | Running
Drainage basin
Draw | Running | Ephemeral
Dyke (UK) | Stationary
Estuary |  | Coastal
Firth | Stationary | Coastal
Fjord (fiord) | Stationary | Coastal
Gill or Ghyll | Running
Glacier | Technically running
Glacial pothole | Stationary
Gulf | Stationary | Coastal
Harbor | Stationary
Hot spring | Running
Impoundment | Stationary
Ice cap
Ice field | Stationary
Ice sheet
Inlet | Stationary | Coastal
Kettle (or kettle lake) | Stationary
Kill
Lagoon | Stationary
Lake | Stationary
Lick | Stationary
Loch | Stationary
Mangrove swamp | Stationary
Marsh | Wetland
Mediterranean sea (oceanography) | Stationary
Mere | Stationary
Mill pond | Stationary
Moat | Stationary
Mud puddle | Stationary
Nant | Running
Ocean | Stationary
Oxbow lake | Stationary
Phytotelma
Plunge pool | Stationary
Pool | Stationary
Pond | Stationary
Port | Stationary
Pothole | Stationary
Puddle | Stationary
Reflecting pool | Stationary
Reservoir | Stationary
Rill | Running
River | Running
Rivulet | Running
Roadstead | Stationary
Run | Running
Salt marsh | Stationary
Sea | Stationary
Sea loch | Stationary | Coastal
Sea lough | Stationary | Coastal
Seep | Stationary
Slough | Stationary
Source | Running
Shoal
Sound | Stationary | Coastal
Spring | Running
Strait | Stationary
Stream | Running
Stream pool | Stationary
Streamlet | Running
Subglacial lake | Stationary
Swamp | Wetland
Syke[43] | Running | Seasonal
Swimming pool | Stationary
Tank | Stationary
Tarn | Stationary
Tide pool | Stationary
Tributary or affluent | Running
Vernal pool | Wetland
Wadi | Running | Ephemeral
Wash | Running | Ephemeral
Wetland | Wetland

## Gallery

Port Jackson, Sydney, New South Wales

The Canal Grande in Venice, one of the major water-traffic corridors in the city. View from the Accademia bridge.

A tide pool in Santa Cruz, California with sea anemones and sea stars

A weir in Toledo, Spain. Weirs are frequently used to change the height of a riverlevel, prevent floodings, and measure water discharge.

## See also

* Earth:Bank (geography) - Land alongside a body of water
* Earth:Bog
* Earth:Fluvial processes - Processes associated with rivers and streams
* Glossary of landforms
* Earth:Lists of bodies of water - Overview of various waterbodies
* Engineering:Port
* Earth:Water mass - Body of water with common formation history
* Earth:Water pollution - Contamination of water bodies

## References

### Sources

* Mitsch, W.J. and J.G. Gosselink. 2007. Wetlands, 4th ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 582 pp.[44]

### Citations

1. ↑ "waterbody noun (pl. -ies) a body of water forming a physiographical feature, for example a sea or a reservoir." New Oxford Dictionary of English
2. ↑ Langbein, W.B.; Iseri, Kathleen T. (1995). "Hydrologic Definitions: Stream". Manual of Hydrology: Part 1. General Surface-Water Techniques (Water Supply Paper 1541-A). Reston, VA: United States Geological Survey. http://water.usgs.gov/wsc/glossary.html#Stream. .
3. ↑ "What causes high tide and low tide? Why are there two tides each day?". HowStuffWorks. 21 May 2009. http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/geophysics/tide-cause.htm.
4. ↑ "European Environment Agency's home page – European Environment Agency". https://www.eea.europa.eu/.
5. ↑ "Ocean acidification | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration". https://www.noaa.gov/education/resource-collections/ocean-coasts/ocean-acidification.
6. ↑ Lee, Hoesung (2023). "Climate Change 2023 Synthesis Report". Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: 18–19. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/syr/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_SYR_SPM.pdf.
7. ↑ "beck". Collins. https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/beck.
8. ↑ "OED Online – Beck". Oxford University Press.. June 2017. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/16756?result=1&rskey=KrqII1&result=1.
9. ↑ "bourn". Collins. https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/bourn.
10. ↑ "bourn". Oxford University Press. https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/bourn.
11. ↑ "brook". Merriam-Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/brook.
12. ↑ "OED Online – Brook". Oxford University Press.. June 2017. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/23752?isAdvanced=false&result=1&rskey=RmSVun&.
13. ↑ "burn". Collins. https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/burn.
14. ↑ "burn". Oxford University Press. https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/burn.
15. ↑ "OED Online – Burn". Oxford University Press.. June 2017. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/22119?rskey=bKBrC8&result=1.
16. ↑ "creek". Oxford University Press. https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/creek. "British...especially an inlet...(whereas) NZ, North American, Australian...stream or minor tributary."
17. ↑ "(US) creek". Oxford University Press. https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/creek. "North American, Australian, NZ...A stream, brook, or minor tributary of a river."
18. ↑ "creek". Dictionary.com, LLC. https://www.dictionary.com/browse/creek. "U.S., Canada, and Australia...a stream smaller than a river."
19. ↑ "creek". https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/creek. "US, Canadian, Australian and New Zealand a small stream or tributary"
20. ↑ "creek". Springer Nature Limited. https://www.macmillandictionary.com/us/dictionary/american/creek. "a narrow stream"
21. ↑ [16][17][18][19][20]
22. ↑ "creek". Oxford University Press. https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/creek. "British...especially an inlet"
23. ↑ "creek". Dictionary.com, LLC. https://www.dictionary.com/browse/creek. "Chiefly Atlantic States and British...a recess or inlet in the shore of the sea."
24. ↑ "creek". Springer Nature Limited. https://www.macmillandictionary.com/us/dictionary/american/creek. "BRITISH a long narrow area of ocean stretching into the land"
25. ↑ "creek". https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/creek. "Chiefly British a narrow inlet or bay"
26. ↑ [22][23][24][25]
27. ↑ "Definition of FJORD". Merriam-Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fjord.
28. ↑ "gill". Merriam-Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gill.
29. ↑ "gill". Collins. https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/gill.
30. ↑ "gill". Oxford University Press. https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/gill.
31. ↑ [28][29][30]
32. ↑ "OED Online – Gill". Oxford University Press.. June 2017. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/78284?isAdvanced=false&result=2&rskey=zoo08P&.
33. ↑ "OED Online – Nant". Oxford University Press.. June 2017. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/124979?redirectedFrom=Nant&.
34. ↑ "rill". Collins. https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/rill.
35. ↑ "rill". Oxford University Press. https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/rill.
36. ↑ "rivulet". Cambridge University Press. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/rivulet.
37. ↑ "OED Online – Rivulet". Oxford University Press.. June 2017. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/166480?redirectedFrom=Rivulet&.
38. ↑ "streamlet". Collins. https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/streamlet.
39. ↑ "OED Online – Sike". Oxford University Press.. June 2017. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/179615?rskey=kax69D&result=1.
40. ↑ "Texas Primer: The Stock Tank". 1986-05-01. https://www.texasmonthly.com/being-texan/texas-primer-the-stock-tank/.
41. ↑ Mitsch & Gosselink, 1986
42. ↑ "OED Online – Bourne". Oxford University Press.. June 2017. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/22119?rskey=bKBrC8&result=1.
43. ↑ "OED Online – Sike". Oxford University Press.. June 2017. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/179615?rskey=kax69D&result=1.
44. ↑ The first edition of Wetlands by Mitsch and Gosselink was published in 1986 by Van Nostrand Reinhold. Second, third, and fourth (current) editions were published in 1993, 2000, and 2007 respectively by John Wiley & Sons. "Wiley: Wetlands, 4th Edition". http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0471699675.html.

## External links

* Types of Water Bodies (archived 12 November 2011)

* v
* t
* e

Rivers, streams and springs

Rivers|

* Alluvial river
* Braided river
* Blackwater river
* Channel
* Channel pattern
* Channel types
* Confluence
* Distributary
* Drainage basin
* Subterranean river
* River bifurcation
* River ecosystem
* River source
* Tributary
* more...

Streams|

* Arroyo
* Bourne
* Burn
* Chalk stream
* Coulee
* Current
* Stream
* Stream bed
* Stream channel
* Stream gradient
* Stream pool
* Perennial stream
* Winterbourne
* more...

Springs|

* Geyser
* Sacred spring
* Hot spring
* Karst spring
* Mineral spring
* Rhythmic spring
* Spring
* Spring horizon
* more...

Sedimentary processes
and erosion|

* Abrasion
* Anabranch
* Aggradation
* Armor
* Bed load
* Bed material load
* Granular flow
* Debris flow
* Deposition
* Dissolved load
* Downcutting
* Erosion
* Headward erosion
* Knickpoint
* Palaeochannel
* Progradation
* Retrogradation
* Saltation
* Secondary flow
* Sediment transport
* Suspended load
* Wash load
* Water gap

Fluvial landforms|

* Ait
* Alluvial fan
* Antecedent drainage stream
* Avulsion
* Bank
* Bar
* Bayou
* Billabong
* Canyon
* Chine
* Cut bank
* Estuary
* Fluvial terrace
* Gill
* Gulch
* Gully
* Glen
* Meander scar
* Mouth bar
* Oxbow lake
* Riffle-pool sequence
* Point bar
* Ravine
* Rill
* River island
* Rock-cut basin
* Sedimentary basin
* Sedimentary structures
* Strath
* Thalweg
* River valley
* Wadi

Fluvial flow|

* Helicoidal flow
* International Scale of River Difficulty
* Meander
* Plunge pool
* Rapids
* Riffle
* Shoal
* Waterfall
* Whitewater

Surface runoff|

* Agricultural wastewater treatment
* Effluent
* First flush
* Urban runoff
* Wastewater

Floods and stormwater|

* 100-year flood
* Crevasse splay
* Flash flood
* Flood
* Flood barrier
* Flood control
* Flood forecasting
* Flood-meadow
* Floodplain
* Flood pulse concept
* Flooded grasslands and savannas
* Storm Water Management Model
* Return period

River measurement
and modelling|

* Baer's law
* Baseflow
* Bradshaw model
* Discharge (hydrology)
* Drainage density
* Exner equation
* Groundwater model
* Hack's law
* Hjulström curve
* Hydrograph
* Hydrological modelling
* Hydrological transport model
* Infiltration (hydrology)
* Main stem
* Playfair's Law
* Relief ratio
* River continuum concept
* Rouse number
* Runoff curve number
* Runoff model (reservoir)
* Stream gauge
* Universal Soil Loss Equation
* WAFLEX
* Wetted perimeter
* Volumetric flow rate

River engineering|

* Aqueduct
* Balancing lake
* Canal
* Check dam
* Dam
* Drop structure
* Daylighting
* Detention basin
* Erosion control
* Fish ladder
* Floodplain restoration
* Flume
* Infiltration basin
* Leat
* Levee
* Retention basin
* Revetment
* Riparian zone restoration
* Stream restoration
* Weir

River sports|

* Canyoning
* Rafting
* River surfing
* Riverboarding
* Whitewater canoeing
* Whitewater kayaking
* Whitewater slalom

Other topics|

* Aquifer
* Aquatic toxicology
* Body of water
* Limnology
* Riparian zone
* River civilization
* River cruise
* Surface water
* World Rivers Day

Lists of rivers
Rivers by continent
Rivers by length
Rivers by discharge rate
Drainage basins
Whitewater rivers
Flash floods
River name etymologies

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