Cave conservation

Short description: Protection of caves to minimise the effects of human activities

Cave conservation is the protection and restoration of caves to prevent or minimise the effects of human activities.

Some caves have delicate features that can be disturbed by changes in light levels, humidity, temperature or air flow. Caves that have lighting that remains on are prone to having algae grow within the cave changing the appearance and ecology. Speleothems grow as a result of water both on cave surfaces and the humidity of the cave air. Changes to these because of a high number of visitors, changes to the cave air flow and changes to the hydrology will alter speleothem development.

Speleothems can have a slow growth rate and therefore removing them as souvenirs or breakage due to movement within the cave will be visible for a long time, often throughout several generations of human interaction.

The use of calcium carbide for lamps has led to soot marks and deposits of discarded spent carbide. Using electric lamps avoids these problems.

## Contents

* 1 Cave conservation by region
* 1.1 New Zealand
* 1.2 United Kingdom
* 1.3 United States
* 1.4 India
* 2 References
* 3 External links

## Cave conservation by region

### New Zealand

The New Zealand Speleological Society (NZSS), a recreational caving organisation, promotes cave conservation by its members. The Department of Conservation (DoC) is responsible for caves on land under its administration and has developed a management policy for caves and karst. DoC publish a "Caving care code" which is in turn based in part on the caving ethics of NZSS.[1]

### United Kingdom

The British Cave Research Association administers the United Kingdom Cave Conservation Emergency Fund (UKCCEF), a charitable fund for protection of caves and cave features. The aims are:

* To assist in the publication of material intended to promote the conservation of caves and features therein or the conservation of a specific site or group of caves
* To assist with the physical protection of features within a specific cave or group of caves
* To assist in works designed to maintain access to a cave or part of a cave, but not solely to assist exploration
* To assist in the purchase of land or property where such acquisition is intended to ensure the protection of, or maintenance of access to, a cave or caves.[2]

The National Caving Association has a Cave Conservation Code with the following recommendations:[3]

* Cave with care and within your abilities
* Keep to marked routes and do not cross conservation tapes and barriers
* Protect cave wildlife and do not disturb bats
* Do not pollute the cave, leave nothing behind
* Archaeological and other remains should not be disturbed
* Do not interfere with scientific equipment
* Set a good example for others to follow
* Avoid touching or damaging formations
* Take nothing but photographs
* Comply with any access requirements
* Respect the rights and privacy of landowners

### United States

The National Speleological Society believes:

* Caves have unique scientific, recreational, and scenic values
* These values are endangered by both carelessness and intentional vandalism
* These values, once gone, cannot be recovered
* The responsibility for protecting caves must be formed by those who study and enjoy them.
* A common phrase on ethical caving: "Take nothing but pictures, leave nothing but footprints, waste nothing but time."

Also involved in cave conservation are the:

* Butler Cave Conservation Society
* Cave Research Foundation
* Southeastern Cave Conservancy

### India

The National Cave Research and Protection Organization is formed to protect the caves and explore the caves scientifically to know them better.

## References

1. ↑ DoC. "Minimising your impact - Caving care code". Department of Conservation. http://www.doc.govt.nz/templates/page.aspx?id=38542. Retrieved 2008-10-03.
2. ↑ ukccef info
3. ↑ Conservation Code

## External links

* Australasian Cave and Karst Management Association Inc. (ACKMA)
* United Kingdom Cave Conservation Emergency Fund
* American Cave Conservation Association
* National Speleological Society \- cave conservation page
* National Cave Research and Protection Organization

* v
* t
* e

Cave topics and lists by country

Glossary of caving and speleology

Main topics|

* Biospeleology
* Cave conservation
* Cave painting
* Cave survey
* Caving
* Diving
* Equipment
* Fauna
* Stygofauna
* Troglofauna
* Karst
* Speleogenesis
* Speleology
* Caves by country

Types and formation
processes|

* Anchihaline cave
* Cave-in
* Cenote
* Foiba
* Glacier cave
* Ice cave
* Karst spring
* Lava cave
* Ley tunnel
* Mine
* Exploration
* Pit cave
* Ponor
* Sea cave
* Show cave
* Sinkhole
* Spring
* Suffosion
* Sump
* Underground
* Lake
* River
* Waterfall

Speleothems
and Speleogens
(Cave formations)|

* Anthodite
* Boxwork
* Calcite rafts
* Cave pearl
* Cave popcorn
* Dogtooth spar
* Flowstone
* Frostwork
* Helictite
* Moonmilk
* Rimstone
* Shelfstone
* Snottite
* Soda straw
* Speleoseismite
* Stalactite
* Stalagmite
* Stalagnate
* Vug

Lists of caves|

| General|

* By country
* By depth
* By length
* Prehistoric

|

Africa|

* Somaliland
* South Africa

Americas|

* Belize
* Brazil
* Canada
* Guatemala
* Haiti
* Mexico
* United States
* Arkansas
* Maryland
* Missouri

Asia|

* China
* India
* Iran
* Israel
* Lebanon
* Malaysia
* Sri Lanka
* Turkey
* Vietnam

Europe|

* Austria
* Belgium
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* France
* Germany
* Gibraltar
* Greece
* Ireland
* Italy
* Poland
* Serbia
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Cantabria
* World Heritage Sites:
* Cave Art of Northern Spain
* Cave Art of Iberian Mediterranean Basin
* Cave Art of the Iberian Southern Tip
* Switzerland
* Turkey
* United Kingdom
* England
* Northern Ireland
* Scotland
* Wales

Oceania|

* Australia
* New South Wales
* Western Australia
* New Zealand
* Papua New Guinea

Dwellings|

* Cave dweller
* Kome Caves
* Nok and Mamproug Cave Dwellings
* Yaodong

Popular culture|

* Diving into the Unknown
* Cave of Forgotten Dreams
* The Underground Eiger

Incidents|

* List of UK caving fatalities
* Alpazat cave rescue
* Riesending cave rescue
* Tham Luang cave rescue

Caving by country|

* Caving in New Zealand
* Caving in Tunisia
* Caving in the United Kingdom

* v
* t
* e

Subterranea

Natural features|

| Types|

* Alcove
* Ant colony
* Aquifer
* Burrow
* Burrow fossil
* Paleoburrow
* Cave
* Glacier cave
* Grotto
* Ice cave
* Lava cave
* Lava tube
* Pit Cave
* Show cave
* Solutional cave
* Cenote
* Karst
* Lava tree mold
* Magma chamber
* Maternity den
* Pit crater
* Rock shelter
* Sinkhole
* Subterranean river
* Subterranean waterfall
* Underground lake
* Volcanic pipe
* Warren

|

Exemplars|

* Balve Cave
* Castellana Caves
* Hang Sơn Đoòng
* Jewel Cave National Monument
* Kazumura Cave
* Lechuguilla Cave
* Mammoth Cave National Park
* Reed Flute Cave
* Veryovkina Cave
* Wind Cave National Park

Man-made features|

| Types|

* Air raid shelter
* Basement
* Burial vault
* Borehole
* Bunker
* Blast shelter
* Catacombs
* Casemate
* Crypt Mausoleum
* Dungeon
* Dugout (shelter)
* Dry well
* Earth shelter
* Erdstall
* Fallout shelter
* Fogou
* Hypogeum
* Manhole
* Mine
* Missile launch facility
* Passage grave
* Quarry
* Rock-cut tomb
* Root cellar
* Tunnel
* Utility vault
* Underground city
* Underground base
* Underground hangar
* Well
* Wine cave
* Subway system
* Secret passage
* Semi-basement
* Sewerage
* Septic tank
* Stepwell
* Storm cellar
* Smuggling tunnel
* Spider hole
* Ventilation shaft

|

Exemplars|

* 816 Nuclear Military Plant
* Caves of Maastricht
* The Caves of Ægissíða
* Coober Pedy
* Cheyenne Mountain Complex
* Chicago Tunnel Company
* Houston tunnel system
* Kosvinsky Kamen
* Kőbánya cellar system
* Kome Caves
* Underground City (Beijing)
* Underground City, Montreal
* Underground Great Wall of China
* Maginot Line
* Mines of Paris
* Mustang Caves
* Mount Yamantau
* Mogao Caves
* Naples underground geothermal zone
* North American Aerospace Defense Command
* Raven Rock Mountain Complex
* Shanghai tunnels
* Subterranean London
* Subterranean Toledo
* Yaodong

Fictional features|

| Types|

* Hollow earth
* Subterranean fiction

|

Exemplars|

* Allegory of the cave
* Batcave
* Journey to the Center of the Earth
* Moria (Middle-earth)
* Nome Kingdom
* Pellucidar
* Skull Cave
* Tunnels in popular culture
* Underland (Narnia)
* Wonderland (fictional country)

Organisations|

* American Society of Reclamation Sciences
* Bergamt
* Cave Research Foundation
* History of hard rock miners' organizations
* National Mine Map Repository
* National Mining Association
* National Speleological Society
* Grotto
* Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining
* Institution of Mining Engineers
* International Union of Speleology
* Pakistan Cave Research & Caving Federation
* Research Centre for Deep Drilling
* Rocky Mountain Mineral Law Foundation
* Society of Economic Geologists
* Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy

Related topics|

* Cave conservation
* Cave dweller
* Cave diving
* Cave gate
* Cave rescue
* Cave painting
* Caving
* Civil defense
* Tunnel warfare
* Tunnel network
* Trench warfare
* Underground construction
* Tunnel construction
* Underground living
* Mine rescue
* Mine exploration
* Mole people
* Speleology
* Subterranean warfare

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