Demographics of Oceania

Short description: none

Oceania
Geopolitical Oceania

Area| 8,525,989 km2 (3,291,903 sq mi)
Population| 41,570,842 (2018, 6th)
Population density| 4.19/km2 (10.9/sq mi)
Demonym| Oceanian
Countries|

14 (list of countries)

* Australia
* Fiji
* Kiribati
* Marshall Islands
* Federated States of Micronesia
* Nauru
* New Zealand
* Palau
* Papua New Guinea
* Samoa
* Solomon Islands
* Tonga
* Tuvalu
* Vanuatu

Associated (2) (list)

* Cook Islands
* Niue

Dependencies|

External (21) (list)

* American Samoa
* Ashmore and Cartier Islands
* Baker Island
* Clipperton Island
* Christmas Island
* Cocos (Keeling) Islands
* Coral Sea Islands
* French Polynesia
* Guam
* Howland Island
* Jarvis Island
* Johnston Atoll
* Kingman Reef
* Midway Atoll
* New Caledonia
* Norfolk Island
* Northern Mariana Islands
* Pitcairn Islands
* Tokelau
* Wake Island
* Wallis and Futuna

Internal (4) (list)

* Easter Island
* Hawaii, United States
* Juan Fernández Islands
* Palmyra Atoll

Languages|

* (official and unofficial)
* Bislama
* Carolinian
* Chamorro
* Cook Islands Māori
* Cocos Malay (unofficial)
* English
* Fijian
* French
* Futunan (unofficial)
* Gilbertese
* Hawaiian
* Hindi
* Hiri Motu
* Indonesian
* Māori
* Marshallese
* Nauruan
* Niuean
* Palauan
* Pitkern (unofficial)
* Rapa Nui (unofficial)
* Rotuman (unofficial)
* Samoan
* Spanish
* Tahitian (unofficial)
* Tokelauan
* Tongan
* Tok Pisin
* Tuvaluan
* Wallisian (unofficial)

Time zones| UTC+14 (Kiribati) to UTC-11 (American Samoa and Niue) (West to East)
Largest cities|

List of cities in Oceania

* Sydney, Australia
* Melbourne, Australia
* Brisbane, Australia
* Perth, Australia
* Auckland, New Zealand
* Adelaide, Australia
* Wellington, New Zealand
* Honolulu, Hawaii, United States
* Canberra, Australia
* Christchurch, New Zealand
* Jayapura, Indonesia
* Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
* Nouméa, New Caledonia
* Gold Coast, Australia

Oceania is a region centered on the islands of the tropical Pacific Ocean.[1] Conceptions of what constitutes Oceania vary, with it being defined in various ways, often geopolitically or geographically. In the geopolitical conception used by the United Nations, International Olympic Committee, and many atlases, the Oceanic region includes Australia and the nations of the Pacific from Papua New Guinea east, but not the Malay Archipelago or Indonesian New Guinea.[2][3][4] The term is sometimes used more specifically to denote Australasia as a geographic continent,[5][6] or biogeographically as a synonym for either the Australasian realm (Wallacea and Australasia) or the Oceanian realm (Melanesia, Polynesia, and Micronesia apart either from New Zealand[7] or from mainland New Guinea[8]).

Although Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands belong to the Commonwealth of Australia and are inhabited, they are nearer Indonesia than the Australian mainland, and are commonly associated with Asia instead of Oceania.

## Contents

* 1 Demographics by territory
* 2 See also
* 3 Notes
* 4 References

## Demographics by territory

The demographic table below shows all inhabited states and territories of Oceania. The information in this chart comes from the CIA World Factbook[9] or the United States Department of State[10][m], unless noted otherwise or not available (NA); where sources differ, references are included.

Pos | Country | Population[11][12] (mid-2018 estimate) | Area (km2) | Population density (/km2) | Urban population | Life expectancy | Literacy Rate | Official language(s) | Top religion(s) | Ethnic groups

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1  |  Australia | 24,898,152 | 7,682,300 | 2.768 | 89% | 81.63 | 99% | English 78.5% [13] | Christian 64.6%, none 18.7% | European 57.2%, Oceanian 33.8% (including Australian Aborigines 2.9%), Asian, 17.4%.[14]
2  |  Papua New Guinea | 8,606,323 | 462,840 | 12.835 | 12% | 65.75 | 57.3% | Tok Pisin 75%,[15] English 1–2%, Hiri Motu <2%[a] | Christian 96% | New Guinea Papuan 84%, New Guinea Melanesian 15%, other 1%[16]
3  |  New Zealand | 4,743,131 | 270,534 | 15.574 | 87% | 80.36 | 99% | English 91.2%, Māori 3.9% | Christian 55.6%, None 34.7% | European 74.0%, Asian 12%, Māori 15%, Pacific Islander 7%, other 1%[17]
–  |  Hawaii (United States ) | 1,419,561 | 28,311 | 82.647 | 92% | 80.37 | 99% | English 73.44%, Hawaiian 1.68% | Christian 63%, None 26%, Buddhist 8%, Other 3% | Asian 37.2%, Multiracial 25.3%, White 22.9%, Pacific Islander 10.8%, Black 1.6%, Native American 0.3%[18]
4  |  Fiji | 883,483 | 18,274 | 51.697 | 18% | 70.73 | 93.7% | English, Fijian, Hindi | Christian 64.5%, Hindu 27.9%, Muslim 6.3% | Fijian 57.3%, Indo-Fijians 37.6%, Rotuman 1.2%, other 3.9%
5  |  Solomon Islands | 652,857 | 28,896 | 20.612 | 52% | 73.69 | 76.6%[19] | English 1–2%[b] | Christian 95% | Melanesian 94.5%, Polynesian 3%, Micronesian 1.2%, other 1.3%
–  |  French Polynesia (France ) | 277,679 | 4,167 | 68.882 | 52% | 76.71 | 98% | French 61.1%, Polynesian 31.4% | Protestant 54%, Roman Catholic 30%, other 10%, no religion 6% | Polynesian 78%, Chinese 12%, local French 6%, metropolitan French 4%
–  |  New Caledonia (France) | 279,993 | 18,575 | 12.244 | 65% | 74.98 | 96.8% | French | Roman Catholic 60%, Protestant 30%, other 10% | Melanesian 44.1%, European 34.1%, Wallisian & Futunian 9%, Tahitian 2.6%, Indonesian 2.5%, Vietnamese 1.4%, Ni-Vanuatu 1.1%, other 5.2%
6  |  Vanuatu | 292,680 | 12,189 | 18.176 | 25% | 64.33 | 74% | English 23.1%, French 1.9% | Christian 82%, indigenous beliefs 5.6%, other 10.9%, none 1% | Ni-Vanuatu 98.5%, other 1.5%
7  | Template:SAM | 196,129 | 2,831 | 67.821 | 23% | 72.13 | 99.7% | Samoan | Christian 98.9% | Samoan 92.6%, Euronesians 7%, Europeans 0.4%
–  |  Guam (United States) | 165,768 | 1,478 | 122.371 | 93% | 78.18 | 99% | English 38.3%, Chamorro 22.2%[20] | Roman Catholic 85% | Chamorro 37.1%, Philippines 26.3%, other Pacific islander 11.3%, white 6.9%, other 8.6%, mixed 9.8%
8  | Template:TGA | 103,197 | 747 | 164.096 | 25% | 71.03 | 98.9% | Tongan, English | Christian | Tongan 98%
9  |  Federated States of Micronesia | 112,640 | 702 | 152.641 | 22% | 71.23 | 89% | English | Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 47%, others 3% | Chuukese 48.8%, Pohnpeian 24.2%, Kosraean 6.2%, Yapese 5.2%, Yap outer islands 4.5%, Asian 1.8%, Polynesian 1.5%, other 7.8%
10  |  Kiribati | 115,847 | 811 | 122.666 | 44% | 64.03 | 92% | English, Gilbertese (de facto) | Roman Catholic 55%, Protestant 36% | Micronesian 98.8%
–  | Template:ASA (United States) | 55,465 | 199 | 333.829 | 92% | 73.97 | 97% | English, Samoan[c][21] | Christian Congregationalist 50%, Roman Catholic 20%, Protestant and other 30% | native Pacific islander 91.6%, Asian 2.8%, white 1.1%, mixed 4.2%, other 0.3%
11  |  Marshall Islands | 58,413 | 181 | 363.862 | 71% | 71.48 | 93.7% | Marshallese 98.2%, English | Protestant 54.8%, other Christian 40.6% | Marshallese 92.1%, mixed Marshallese 5.9%, other 2%
–  |  Northern Mariana Islands (United States) | 56,882, | 464 | 104.131 | 91% | 76.9 | 97% | English[22] | Christian | Filipino 35.3%, Chamorro 23.9%, Multiracial 12.7%, Chinese 6.8%, Carolinian 4.6%, Korean 4.2%, 2.3% Chuukese, 2.2% Palauan, 2.1% White, 5.9% other
12  |  Palau | 17,907 | 459 | 45.488 | 81% | 71.51 | 92% | Paluan 64.7%[d], English | Roman Catholic 41.6%, Protestant 23.3% | Palauan 69.9%, Filipino 15.3%, Chinese 4.9%, other Asian 2.4%, white 1.9%, Carolinian 1.4%, other Micronesian 1.1%, other 3.2%
–  | Template:WLF (France) | 11,661 | 142 | 108.049 | 0% | 78.83 | 50%[e] | Wallisian 58.9%, Futunian 30.1%, French 10.8% | Roman Catholic 99% | Polynesian
–  |  Cook Islands (New Zealand) | 17,518 | 236 | 48.678 | 74% | 74.47 | 95% | Māori, English | Cook Islands Christian Church 55.9%, other Christian 30.5% | Cook Island Māori 87.7%, part Cook Island Māori 5.8%, other 6.5%
13  |  Tuvalu | 11,508 | 26 | 401.615 | 49% | 64.39 | 93%[23] | Tuvalu, English | Church of Tuvalu (Congregationalist) 97% | Polynesian 96%, Micronesian 4%
14  |  Nauru | 10,670 | 21 | 441.286 | 100% | 64.99 | 99%[24] | Nauruan[f] | Nauru Congregational Church 35.4%, Roman Catholic 33.2%, Nauru Independent Church (Protestant)[25] 10.4% | Nauruan 58%, other Pacific Islander 26%, Chinese 8%, European 8%
–  |  Norfolk Island (Australia) | 2,155 | 36 | 59.861 | NA | NA | NA[g] | English, Norfuk[h] | Anglican 31.8%, other Christian 30,9%, none 19.9% | European, Tahitian, Australian, New Zealander, Polynesian
–  |  Tokelau (New Zealand) | 1,319 | 12 | 116.667 | 0% | 69[26] | NA | Tokelauan, English | Congregational Christian Church 70%, Roman Catholic 28%[i] | Polynesian
–  |  Niue (New Zealand) | 1,620 | 260 | 5.208 | 39% | 69.5[27] | NA[j] | Niuean, English | Ekalesia Niue (Protestant) 61.1%, other Christian 11%, Latter Day Saints 8.8% | Niuean 78.2%, Pacific islander 10.2%, European 4.5%, mixed 3.9%, Asian 0.2%, unspecified 3%
–  |  Pitcairn Islands (United Kingdom) | 48 | 47 | 1.021 | NA | NA | NA[k] | English, Pitkern | Seventh-day Adventist 100% | European, Tahitian[l]
–  | Total  | 41,570,842 | 8,506,427 | 4.073 | 71% | 77.87 | 91% |  | 73.3%[28] |
–  | Total minus mainland Australia  | 16,672,690 | 824,127 | 16.242 | 43% | 71.89 | 78% |  |  |

## See also

* Europeans in Oceania
* Indigenous peoples of Oceania
* Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Oceania

## Notes

^ a: Papua New Guinea has over 860 non-official languages, comprising approximately ten percent of all languages on Earth.[29]

^ b: Melanesian pidgin is lingua franca in much of the country, but English remains the official language.[30]

^ c: Samoan and English were declared the official languages of American Samoa in June, 2010, via a constitutional amendment to the 1967 Revised Constitution of American Samoa.[21]

^ d: Palaun is the official language in all islands except Sonsoral (Sonsoralese and English are official), Tobi (Tobi and English are official), and Angaur (Angaur, Japanese, and English are official).

^ e: Based on a 1969 estimate.

^ f: English, while not an official language, is widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and commercial purposes.[31]

^ g: Norfuk was made the second official language of Norfolk Island in 2005.[32]

^ h: While no valid literacy data is available, Norfolk Island is assumed to have an adult literacy rate roughly at a par with Australia's literacy rate of 99%.[33]

^ i: On Atafu, all Congregational Christian Church of Samoa; on Nukunonu, all Roman Catholic; on Fakaofo, both denominations, with the Congregational Christian Church predominant.

^ j: While no valid literacy data is available, Niue is assumed to have an adult literacy rate of almost 100%.[34]

^ k: The Foreign and Commonwealth Office does not hold any statistical information on the literacy rate of the Pitcairn population.[35]

^ l: The residents of the Pitcairn Islands are descendants of HMS Bounty mutineers[36] and their Tahitian wives.

^ m: Much of the information on these two websites is taken from the censuses of other countries, and are not based on independent US government research. The remaining figures are based on estimates, and have been used only where census information from the nation in question is incomplete, unclear, or nonexistent.

## References

1. ↑ For a history of the term, see Douglas & Ballard (2008) Foreign bodies: Oceania and the science of race 1750–1940
2. ↑ "United Nations Statistics Division – Countries of Oceania". Millenniumindicators.un.org. http://millenniumindicators.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm#oceania.
3. ↑ Atlas of Canada Web Master (2004-08-17). "The Atlas of Canada – The World – Continents". Atlas.nrcan.gc.ca. http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/reference/international/world/referencemap_image_view.
4. ↑ Current IOC members .
5. ↑ "Encarta Mexico "Oceanía"". Mx.encarta.msn.com. http://mx.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761557382/Oceanía.html.
6. ↑ Lewis, Martin W.; Kären E. Wigen (1997). The Myth of Continents: a Critique of Metageography. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 32. ISBN 0-520-20742-4, ISBN 0-520-20743-2. "Interestingly enough, the answer [from a scholar who sought to calculate the number of continents] conformed almost precisely to the conventional list: North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Oceania (Australia plus New Zealand), Africa, and Antarctica."
7. ↑ Udvardy. 1975. A classification of the biogeographical provinces of the world
8. ↑ Steadman. 2006. Extinction & biogeography of tropical Pacific birds
9. ↑ CIA World Factbook
10. ↑ A-Z List of Country and Other Area Pages. State.gov (2006-04-04). Retrieved on 2010-11-12.
11. ↑ ""World Population prospects – Population division"". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. https://population.un.org/wpp/.
12. ↑ ""Overall total population" – World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision" (xslx). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators (Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_Population/WPP2019_POP_F01_1_TOTAL_POPULATION_BOTH_SEXES.xlsx.
13. ↑ Australia, CIA World Factbook
14. ↑ Cultural diversity data summary. 2021. Australian Bureau of Statistics.
15. ↑ Tok Pisin. Hawaii.edu. Retrieved on 2010-11-12.
16. ↑ Papua New Guinea. Worldstatesmen.org. Retrieved on 2010-11-12.
17. ↑ "2013 Census - Major ethnic groups in New Zealand". Statistics New Zealand. 29 January 2015. http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2013-census/profile-and-summary-reports/infographic-culture-identity.aspx.
18. ↑ https://data.indystar.com/census/total-population/total-population-change/hawaii/040-15/
19. ↑ Human Development Report 2009 – Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and above) . Hdrstats.undp.org. Retrieved on 2010-11-12.
20. ↑ Languages of Guam . Ns.gov.gu. Retrieved on 2010-11-12.
21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Final Draft of 2010 Amendments to the 1967 Revised Constitution of American Samoa . Approved by the 2010 Constitutional Convention, June 21 – July 3, 2010
22. ↑ DOI Office of Insular Affairs (OIA) – Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands . Doi.gov. Retrieved on 2010-11-12.
23. ↑ Tuvalu. Talktalk.co.uk. Retrieved on 2010-11-12.
24. ↑ Nauru. Talktalk.co.uk. Retrieved on 2010-11-12.
25. ↑ Nauru. Travelblog.org. Retrieved on 2010-11-12.
26. ↑ Pacific – Tokelau Information Bulletin – NZ Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade . Mfat.govt.nz (2010-09-27). Retrieved on 2010-11-12.
27. ↑ Niue . Globaleducation.edna.edu.au (2009-04-02). Retrieved on 2010-11-12.
28. ↑ "Christianity in its Global Contex". http://wwwgordonconwell.com/netcommunity/CSGCResources/ChristianityinitsGlobalContext.pdf.
29. ↑ Papua New Guinea, CIA World Factbook
30. ↑ Solomon Islands, CIA World Factbook
31. ↑ Nauru , CIA World Factbook
32. ↑ "Norfuk declared official language in Norfolk Island - report". Radio New Zealand International. April 20, 2005. http://www.rnzi.com/pages/news.php?op=read&id=16223.
33. ↑ Norfolk Island History and Facts in Brief. Erwin.bernhardt.net.nz. Retrieved on 2010-11-12.
34. ↑ Niue: Report: Part II: Analytic Sections: cont. 1. Unesco.org. Retrieved on 2010-11-12.
35. ↑ House of Commons Hansard Written Answers for 05 Jan 2010 (pt 0051). Publications.parliament.uk. Retrieved on 2010-11-12.
36. ↑ Pitcairn Islands, CIA World Factbook

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