Detachment (territory)

Detachment (Old French de, from, and [at]tach, joining with a stake) under international law is the formal, permanent separation of and loss of sovereignty over some territory to another geo-political entity (either adjacent or non-contiguous). After World War I Alsace and Lorraine were a formal detachment from Germany. More often detachment occurs as a process within a country, for example the creation of the Federal District of Columbia resulted from a detachment of territory from the State of Maryland. The removal of territory from a city or special district is a detachment.[1][2] Within a country detachment is governed by the laws of the supervening entity.[1][3] Detachment can be considered the opposite or reverse of annexation.

## Contents

* 1 Suez Canal
* 2 League of Nations mandates
* 3 Notes
* 4 Further reading

## Suez Canal

The formal detachment of Egypt from the Turkish Empire was a condition for British investment in the Suez Canal.[4]

## League of Nations mandates

Following World War I, a number of colonial territories and border territories were detached from Germany, as well as portions of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire and Ottoman Empire being detached. Some of these detachments were incorporated directly into new countries, such as Yugoslavia, or annexed by existing countries such as Northern Schleswig into Denmark. But some, particularly in the Middle East and those of the German colonies, were placed under the "protection" of one or another of the Allied countries who won the war, including Germany's concessions in China, Kiautschou and Chefoo. From a rule of law standpoint these protectorates were not war booty, but "mandates" from a legally constituted international body, so detachment occurred without annexation.[5]

## Notes

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Detachment from a City Government". Alaska Division of Community and Regional Affairs. Archived from the original on 24 June 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110624224251/http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/LOGON/muni/muni-citydetach.htm.
2. ↑ "Detachment of Territory". U.S. Legal, Inc.. http://municipal.uslegal.com/change-of-status-and-change-of-boundaries/detachment-of-territory/.
3. ↑ Towne, George (2003). "State Notes: Topics of Legislative Interest: Annexation and Detachment In Michigan". Senate Fiscal Agency, Michigan State Senate. Archived from the original on 13 June 2013. https://www.webcitation.org/6HLrma9Pi?url=http://www.senate.michigan.gov/sfa/publications\notes\2003notes\notesmayjun03gt.pdf.
4. ↑ Lawrence, Thomas Joseph (1884). "The Suez Canal in International Law". The Law Magazine and Review (5th series) 9: 117-143, page 137.
5. ↑ Korman, Sharon (1996). The Right of Conquest: The Acquisition of Territory by Force in International Law and Practice. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. p. 142. ISBN 978-0-19-828007-1.

## Further reading

* Roberts, Adam (2006). "Transformative military occupation: applying the laws of war and human rights". The American Journal of International Law 100: 580-622. doi:10.1163/ej.9789004154285.i-590.90. Archived from the original on 2011-07-25. https://web.archive.org/web/20110725113513/http://ccw.politics.ox.ac.uk/publications/roberts_militaryoccupation.pdf.
* Aldrich, Richard and Orange County LAFCO Staff (2012). "Annexations, Incorporations, and Reorganizations: Here's how we do it in California. How does your state do it?". American Planning Association. https://www.planning.org/planning/2012/jan/redandblackside.htm?print=true.

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Autonomous types of first-tier subdivision administration

Federalism|

* Asymmetric federalism
* Confederation
* Corporative federalism
* Dual federalism
* Ethnic federalism
* Federacy
* Federal monarchy
* Federal republic
* Federated state
* Federation
* Fiscal federalism
* Symmetric federalism

Unitary state|

* Devolution
* Regional state

Unions|

* Composite monarchy
* Continental union
* Dual monarchy
* Dynastic union
* Empire
* Colonial empire
* Multinational state
* Personal union
* Political union
* Real union
* Superstate
* Supranational union

Subordinacy|

* Associated state
* Client state
* Colony
* Dependent territory
* Dominion
* Indirect rule
* Protectorate
* Puppet state
* Satellite state
* Stateless nation
* Tributary state
* Vassal state

Development|

* Annexation
* Cession
* Detachment
* Divided regions
* Empire-building
* Irredentism
* Military occupation
* Partition
* Secession
* Separatism
* Territorial dispute

See also|

* Autonomy
* Autonomous area
* Constituent state
* Decentralization
* Hegemony
* Home rule
* Subsidiarity
* Suzerainty
* Tribal sovereignty

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