Forest-Range Environmental Study Ecosystems

Short description: System for the classification of ecosystems developed by the United States Forest Service

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Forest-Range Environmental Study Ecosystems, known as FRES, is a system for the classification of ecosystems developed by the United States Forest Service as a management tool for the entire lower 48.[1] Thirty four ecosystems were defined for grasslands, forests, and woodlands.[1]

## Contents

* 1 Forest and woodland classification
* 2 Grassland classification
* 3 Alpine classification
* 4 Notes

## Forest and woodland classification

* FRES 10 White pine – red pine – jack pine
* FRES 11 Spruce – fir
* FRES 12 Longleaf – slash pine
* FRES 13 Loblolly – shortleaf pine
* FRES 14 Oak pine
* FRES 15 Oak – hickory
* FRES 16 Oak – gum – cypress
* FRES 17 Elm – ash – cottonwood
* FRES 18 Maple – beech – birch
* FRES 19 Aspen – birch
* FRES 20 Douglas-fir
* FRES 21 Ponderosa pine
* FRES 22 Western white pine
* FRES 23 Fir – spruce
* FRES 24 Hemlock – Sitka spruce
* FRES 25 Larch
* FRES 26 Lodgepole pine
* FRES 27 Redwood
* FRES 28 Western hardwoods
* FRES 29 Sagebrush
* FRES 30 Desert shrub
* FRES 31 Shinnery
* FRES 32 Texas savanna
* FRES 33 Southwestern shrubsteppe
* FRES 34 Chaparral – mountain shrub
* FRES 35 Pinyon – juniper

## Grassland classification

* FRES 36 Mountain grasslands
* FRES 37 Mountain meadows
* FRES 38 Plains grasslands
* FRES 39 Prairie
* FRES 40 Desert grasslands
* FRES 41 Wet grasslands
* FRES 42 Annual grasslands

## Alpine classification

* FRES 44 Alpine meadows and barren

## Notes

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, A. J.; Duncan, D. A.; Lewis, M. E.; and Smith, D. R. (1977) Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range ecosystems (Forest Service Handbook Number 465) United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., OCLC 3359594

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