Gaskiers glaciation

Short description: Last major glacial event of the Precambrian

The Gaskiers glaciation is a period of widespread glacial deposits (e.g. diamictites) that lasted under 340,000 years, between 579.88 ± 0.44 and 579.63 ± 0.15 million years ago[1] — i.e. late in the Ediacaran Period — making it the last major glacial event of the Precambrian.[2] It was also the last and the shortest of at least three major ice ages in the Neoproterozoic era. It is assumed that, in contrast to the Sturtian and Marinoan glaciations, it did not lead to global glaciation ("Snowball Earth").[3]

Deposits attributed to the Gaskiers — assuming that they were all deposited at the same time — have been found on eight separate paleocontinents, in some cases occurring close to the equator (at a latitude of 10–30°). The 300-metre-thick (984 ft) name-bearing section at Gaskiers (Newfoundland) is packed full of striated dropstones.[1] Its δ13C values are very low (pushing Template:Per thousand), consistent with a period of environmental abnormality.[1] The bed lies just below some of the oldest fossils of the Ediacaran biota, leading to early suggestions that the passing of the glaciation and the subsequent sharp rise in the ocean oxygen levels may have paved the way for the evolution of these odd organisms.[4] More accurate dating methods have shown that there is a 9-million-year gap between the diamictites and the 570 Ma macrofossils.[1]

The Bou-Azzer glaciation, an Ediacaran glaciation known from evidence collected from the West African Craton, may be equivalent to the Gaskiers glaciation. Alternatively, it has also been suggested to have been part of a glacial event later in the Ediacaran.[3]

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Pu, Judy P.; Bowring, Samuel A.; Ramezani, Jahandar; Myrow, Paul; Raub, Timothy D.; Landing, Ed; Mills, Andrea; Hodgin, Eben et al. (2016). "Dodging snowballs: Geochronology of the Gaskiers glaciation and the first appearance of the Ediacaran biota". Geology 44 (11): 955. doi:10.1130/G38284.1. Bibcode: 2016Geo....44..955P.
2. ↑ F. M. Gradstein, Gabi Ogg, Mark Schmitz, The Geologic Time Scale, Elsevier, 2012, p. 428.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Vernhet, E.; Youbi, N.; Chellai, E. H.; Villeneuve, M.; El Archi, A. (February 2012). "The Bou-Azzer glaciation: Evidence for an Ediacaran glaciation on the West African Craton (Anti-Atlas, Morocco)". Precambrian Research 196-197: 106–112. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2011.11.009. Bibcode: 2012PreR..196..106V. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S030192681100249X. Retrieved 17 December 2022.
4. ↑ D. E. Canfield, S. W. Poulton, G. M. Narbonne (January 2007). "Late-Neoproterozoic deep-ocean oxygenation and the rise of animal life". Science 315 (5808): 92–95. doi:10.1126/science.1135013. PMID 17158290. Bibcode: 2007Sci...315...92C.

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Ice ages

Quaternary /
Late Cenozoic|

| Quaternary|

* Antarctica
* Greenland
* Penultimate Glacial Period
* Last Glacial Period (Last Glacial Maximum)
* 1st: Würm, Wisconsin, Weichselian, Devensian/Midlandian, Pinedale/Fraser, Merida, Llanquihue
* 2nd: Riss, Illinoian, Saale, Wolstonian, Santa María
* 3rd–6th: Mindel, Pre-Illinoian, Elster, Anglian, Rio Llico
* 7th–8th: Günz, Pre-Illinoian, Elbe or Menapian, Beestonian, Caracol (2.5 to 0 Mya)

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Pliocene
Miocene
Oligocene|

* Antarctic (34 to 2.5 Mya)

Carboniferous–Permian|

* Late Paleozoic icehouse (360 Mya to 260 Mya)

Late Ordovician glaciation|

* Andean-Saharan (460 Mya to 430 Mya)

Ediacaran|

* Gaskiers (579.88 to 579.63 Mya)
* Baykonurian (547 to 541.5 Mya)

Cryogenian|

* Sturtian (717 to 660 Mya); Marinoan (650 to 635 Mya)

Paleoproterozoic|

* Huronian (2.4 to 2.1 Gya)

Mesoarchean|

* Pongola (2.9 to 2.78 Gya)

Related topics|

* Greenhouse and icehouse Earth
* Great Oxygenation Event
* Snowball Earth
* Interglacial
* Milankovitch cycles
* Stadial

Timeline of glaciation

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