Löwenstein Formation
Stratigraphic range: Mid Norian (Alaunian) 215.6–212 Ma

PreЄ

Type| Geological formation
Unit of| Keuper
Underlies| Trossingen Formation
Overlies| Mainhardt Formation
Thickness| At least 80 m
Lithology
Primary| Sandstone
Other| Marl
Location
Region| Europe
Country| Germany, Switzerland
Extent| Bavaria, Baden-Württemberg

The Löwenstein Formation (Stubensandstein in Baden-Württemberg, Burgsandstein in Bavaria) is a lithostratigraphic formation of the Keuper in Germany. It is underlain by the Mainhardt Formation and overlain by the Trossingen Formation. It dates back to the middle Norian.[1]

## Contents

* 1 Fauna
* 1.1 Archosaurs
* 1.1.1 Dinosaurs
* 1.1.1.1 Sauropodomorphs
* 1.1.1.2 Theropods
* 1.1.2 Reptiles
* 1.2 Other Amniotes
* 2 See also
* 3 References
* 3.1 Bibliography

## Fauna

Theropod tracks and an unnamed herrerasaur genus are known from the Lower Stubensandstein.[2] Template:Paleobiota-key-compact

### Archosaurs

#### Dinosaurs

##### Sauropodomorphs

Sauropodomorphs of the Stubensandstein

Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images
Efraasia | E. minor |  | Lower  |  |  | frameless
Plateosaurus[3] | P. gracilis[3] |  |

* Middle[4]
* Lower[2]

| "[Twenty one] partial skeletons, isolated elements, [three] partial skulls, juvenile to adult."[5] | Yates assigned the type material of Sellosaurus gracilis to Plateosaurus gracilis [6] | frameless

##### Theropods

Theropods of the Stubensandstein

Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images
Dolichosuchus[4] | D. cristatus[4] |  | Middle[4] | "Tibia"[7] | Actually indeterminate coelophysoid remains[4] |
Halticosaurus[4] | H. longotarsus[4] |  | Middle[4] | "Mandibular fragment, vertebrae, humerus, illium, femur, metatarsal."[7] | Later found to be indeterminate coelophysoid remains[4] |
Liliensternus | L. liliensterni |  |  |  |  | frameless
Procompsognathus[4] | P. triassicus[4] |  | Middle[4] | "Partial postcranial skeleton."[8] |  |

#### Reptiles

Archosaurs of the Stubensandstein

Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images
Aetosaurus | A. feratus |  | Lower  |  |  | frameless
A. crassicauda
Apatosuchus | A. orbitoangulatus |  | Lower  | "Partial skull"  |  |
Mystriosuchus | M. ? |  |  |  |  | frameless
Nicrosaurus | N. kapffi |  | Middle  |  |  |
N. meyeri
Paratypothorax | P. andressi |  | Middle  |  |  | frameless
Saltoposuchus | S. connectens |  |  |  |  | frameless
S. longipes
Tanystrosuchus | T. posthomus |  | Middle  | " Neck vertebra"  |  |
Teratosaurus[4] | T. suevicus[4] |  | Middle[4] |  | Galton and Benton showed that Teratosaurus is actually a rauisuchian.[9][10] |

### Other Amniotes

* Cyclotosaurus
* Metoposaurus

## See also

* List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations
* List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Germany
* List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Switzerland

## References

1. ↑ Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Late Triassic, Europe)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 521–525. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "17.2 Baden-Württemberg, Germany; 1. Lower Stubensandstein," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 524.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "17.2 Baden-Württemberg, Germany; '1. Lower Stubensandstein' and '2. Middle Stubensandstein,'" in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 524.
4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 "17.2 Baden-Württemberg, Germany; 2. Middle Stubensandstein," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 524.
5. ↑ "Table 12.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 236.
6. ↑ Yates, A.M. (2003). "Species taxonomy of the sauropodomorph dinosaurs from the Löwenstein Formation (Norian, Late Triassic) of Germany". Palaeontology 46 (2): 317–337
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Table 3.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 50.
8. ↑ "Table 3.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 48.
9. ↑ Galton, P. M. (1985). "The poposaurid thecodontian Teratosaurus suevicus von Meyer, plus referred specimens mostly based on prosauropod dinosaurs". Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, B, 116: 1-29.
10. ↑ Benton, M.J. (1986). "The late Triassic reptile Teratosaurus \- a rauisuchian, not a dinosaur". Palaeontology 29: 293-301.

### Bibliography

* Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; Osmólska, Halszka (2004), The Dinosauria, 2nd edition, Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 1–880, ISBN 0-520-24209-2, https://books.google.com/books?id=vtZFDb_iw40C, retrieved 2019-02-21

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