List of orogenies

Short description: Known mountain building events of the Earth's history

Geologic provinces of the world (USGS)

Shield

Platform

Orogen

Basin

Large igneous province

Extended crust

| Oceanic crust:

0–20 Ma

20–65 Ma

>65 Ma

|

The following is a list of known orogenies organised by continent, starting with the oldest in each. The headings are present-day continents, which may differ from the geography contemporary to the orogenies. Some orogenies encompass more than one continent and may have different names in each, and some very large orogenies include sub-orogenies. As with other geological phenomena, orogenies are often subject to revised interpretations of their age, type and associated paleogeography.

In some (especially older) literature, the term orogeny refers to a long episode of basin formation and deposition of sediments over hundreds of millions of years, ending with deformation (sometimes including metamorphism) of these deposits. However, some workers use the term only for the final mountain-building deformation event over tens of millions of years or shorter.[1][2]

## Contents

* 1 African orogenies
* 2 Antarctic orogenies
* 3 Asian orogenies
* 4 European orogenies
* 5 North American orogenies
* 6 Oceania orogenies
* 6.1 Australian orogenies
* 6.2 New Zealand orogenies
* 7 South American orogenies
* 8 Table
* 9 References

## African orogenies

* Earth:Damara orogeny - Mountain building event at the intersection of the Congo and the Kalahari cratons.
* Zambezian Orogeny - Area of mountain building now in southern Zambia and northern Zimbabwe

## Antarctic orogenies

Orogenies affecting Antarctica include:[3]

## Asian orogenies

Persia–Tibet–Burma orogeny in Eurasian Plate

* Aravalli-Delhi Orogen – Precambrian
* Altaid Orogeny – Paleozoic Era
* Cimmerian and Cathaysian orogenies
* Active through Triassic and Jurassic Periods along south and southeast Asia.
* Dabie-Sulu orogeny – Mesozoic Era
* Persia–Tibet–Burma orogeny – Cenozoic Era; caused by the continuing collision of the Arabian and Indian Plates with the Eurasian Plate, encompassing:
* Himalayan orogeny – Forming the Himalaya Mountains

## European orogenies

*     * The Formation of the Alps, during the Eocene through Miocene Periods
* Earth:Mediterranean Ridge - Seabed ridge south of Greece

## North American orogenies

Taconic orogeny

* Earth:Trans-Hudson orogeny, also known as Hudsonian orogeny - Mountain-building event in North America – Extends from Hudson Bay west into Saskatchewan then south through the western Dakotas and Nebraska. Result of the collision of the Superior craton with the Hearne craton and the Wyoming craton, during the Proterozoic Eon (2000–1800 Ma)
* Earth:East Greenland Orogen – From Cryogenian to Devonian Periods
* Appalachian Mountains are a well-studied orogenic belt resulting from a late Paleozoic collision between North America and Africa.
* Earth:Antler orogeny - Tectonic event from the Late Devonian into the Mississippian and early Pennsylvanian – Ancestral Sierra Nevada, western U.S., from late Devonian Period to early Mississippian age
* Earth:Sevier orogeny - Mountain-building episode in North America – Rocky Mountains, western North America, (140–50 Ma)
* Earth:Laramide orogeny - Period of mountain building in North America – Rocky Mountains, western North America, (40–70 Ma)

## Oceania orogenies

### Australian orogenies

* Earth:Petermann Orogeny - Neoproterozoic mountain building event – Central Australia, late Neoproterozoic Era to Cambrian Period (c. 630–520 Ma)
* Sprigg Orogeny – continuing uplift of the Flinders and Mt Lofty Ranges in South Australia (Miocene – present)[4]

### New Zealand orogenies

* Earth:Rangitata Orogeny, (142–99 Ma)

## South American orogenies

* Guriense orogeny
* Earth:Pampean orogeny – Paraguai Belt
* Terra Australis Orogeny - Geological feature
* Earth:Pampean orogeny
* Earth:Famatinian orogeny - Paleozoic geological event in South America
* Earth:Andean orogeny - Ongoing mountain-forming process in South America, Andes Mountains, (200 Ma – present)

## Table

Orogeny  | Estimated start time(Ga)  | Estimated end time(Ga)  | Continent

|
|
|

Pan-African orogeny  | .55  | .55  | Africa
Damara orogeny | .53  | .5  | Africa
Kibaran orogeny  | 1.4  | 1  | Africa
Eburnean orogeny  | 2.2  | 2  | Africa
East African Orogeny  | .75  | .55  | Africa
Mauritanide Orogeny  | .32  | .27  | Africa
Mozambique Orogeny  | 2.65  | 2.97  | Africa
Zambezi Orogeny | .89  | .53  | Africa
Napier orogeny  | 4  |  | Antarctica
Rayner orogeny  | 3.5  |  | Antarctica
Humboldt orogeny  | 3  |  | Antarctica
Insel orogeny  | 2.65  |  | Antarctica
Early Ruker orogeny  | 2  | 1.7  | Antarctica
Late Ruker orogeny  | 1  |  | Antarctica
Beardmore orogeny  | .62  |  | Antarctica
Ross orogeny  | .55  | .48  | Antarctica
Borchgrevink orogeny  | .42  | .35  | Antarctica
Aravalli-Delhi Orogen  | 2.3  |  | Asia
Altaid Orogeny | .54  |  | Asia
Cimmerian orogeny  | .22  |  | Asia
Dabie-Sulu orogeny  | .24  |  | Asia
Persia–Tibet–Burma orogeny  | .55  |  | Asia
Himalayan orogeny  | .29  | .16  | Asia
Saamian orogeny  | 3.1  | 2.9  | Europe
Lopian orogeny  | 2.9  | 2.6  | Europe
Svecofennian orogeny  | 2.0  | 1.75  | Europe
Gothian orogeny  | 1.75  | 1.5  | Europe
Sveconorwegian orogeny  | 1.14  | .96  | Europe
Timanide orogeny  | .62  | .55  | Europe
Cadomian orogeny  | .66  | .54  | Europe
Caledonian orogeny  | .49  | .39  | Europe
Variscan orogeny  | .44  | .35  | Europe
Uralian orogeny  | .32  | .25  | Europe
Alpine orogeny  | .15  | .25  | Europe
Mediterranean Ridge | .15  |  | Europe
Algoman orogeny  | 2.7  | 2.5  | North America
Wopmay orogeny  | 2.1  | 1.9  | North America
Trans-Hudson orogeny | 1  | 1.8  | North America
Nagssugtoqidian orogeny  | 1.9  | 1.8  | North America
Ketilidian orogeny  | 1.85  | 1.72  | North America
Penokean orogeny  | 1.85  | 1.84  | North America
Great Falls orogeny  | 1.77  |  | North America
Ivanpah orogeny  | 1.71  | 1.70  | North America
Yavapai orogeny  | 1.71  | 1.70  | North America
Mazatzal orogeny  | 1.67  | 1.65  | North America
Picuris orogeny  | 1.43  | 1.30  | North America
Grenville orogeny  | 1.25  | .98  | North America
Caledonian orogeny East Greenland Orogen | .72  | .42  | North America
Appalachian orogeny  | .48  |  | North America
Taconic orogeny  | .44  |  | North America
Acadian orogeny  | .37  |  | North America
Alleghanian orogeny  | .35  |  | North America
Ouachita orogeny  | .29  |  | North America
Antler orogeny | .35  | .32  | North America
Innuitian orogeny  | .45  |  | North America
Sonoma orogeny  | .27  | .24  | North America
Nevadan orogeny  | .2  |  | North America
Sevier orogeny | .14  | .05  | North America
Laramide orogeny | .07  | .04  | North America
Pasadena orogeny  | .03  |  | North America
Sleaford orogeny  | 2.44  | 2.42  | Oceania
Glenburgh orogeny  | 2  | 1.92  | Oceania
Barramundi orogeny  | 1.89  | 1.85  | Oceania
Kimban orogeny  | 1.84  | 1.70  | Oceania
Cornian orogeny  | 2  | 1.86  | Oceania
Miltalie orogeny  | 1.95  |  | Oceania
Yapungku orogeny  | 1.76  |  | Oceania
Albany-Fraser orogeny  | 1.71  | 1.02  | Oceania
Mangaroon orogeny  | 1.68  | 1.62  | Oceania
Isan orogeny  | 1.60  |  | Oceania
Kararan orogeny  | 1.57  | 1.55  | Oceania
Olarian orogeny  | 1.45  |  | Oceania
Capricorn orogeny  | 1.3  |  | Oceania
Musgrave orogeny  | 1.22  | 1.12  | Oceania
Edmundian orogeny  | 1.68  | 1.46  | Oceania
Petermann orogeny  | .55  | .53  | Oceania
Delamerian Orogeny  | .51  |  | Oceania
Lachlan Orogeny  | .54  | .44  | Oceania
Thomson Orogeny  | .51  | .49  | Oceania
Alice Springs Orogeny  | .45  | .30  | Oceania
Kanimblan Orogeny  | .32  |  | Oceania
Hunter-Bowen orogeny  | .26  | .22  | Oceania
Tuhua Orogeny  | .37  | .33  | Oceania
Rangitata Orogeny | .14  | .09  | Oceania
Kaikoura Orogeny  | .03  |  | Oceania
Transamazonian orogeny  | 2.14  | 1.94  | South America
Guriense orogeny  | 2.8  | 2.7  | South America
Sunsás orogeny  | 1.4  | 1.1  | South America
Cariri Velhos orogeny  | .54  |  | South America
Brasiliano-Pan African orogeny  | .54  |  | South America
Pampean orogeny | .53  | .48  | South America
Chonide orogeny  | .25  | .20  | South America
Terra Australis Orogen | .54  | .23  | South America
Famatinian orogeny | .49  | .46  | South America
San Rafael orogeny  | .29  | .25  | South America
Toco orogeny  | .33  | .30  | South America
Andean orogeny | .20  | 0  | South America

## References

1. ↑ Sengör, A.M.C. (1990); Plate tectonics and orogenic research after 25 years: A Tethyan perspective. Earth Sci. Reviews, 277, 1-201.
2. ↑ van Dijk, J.P. (1992); Late Neogene fore-arc basin evolution in the Calabrian Arc (Central Mediterranean). Tectonic sequence stratigraphy and dynamic geohistory. With special reference to the geology of Central Calabria. Geologica Ultrajectina, 92, 288 pp. ISBN 90-71577-46-5; pp. 251-264
3. ↑ "Geochronology". Archived from the original on 2008-10-19. https://web.archive.org/web/20081019222334/http://home.freeuk.com/gtlloyd/tam/geochron.htm. Retrieved 2010-11-26. Tectonics of the Transantarctic Mountains: Geochronology
4. ↑ Sandiford, M.: Neotectonics of southeastern Australia: linking the Quaternary faulting record with seismicity and in situ stress In Hillis, R. R. & Müller, R. D. (Editors) 2003. Evolution and Dynamics of the Australian Plate, pp 2, 107-120. Geological Society of Australia Special Publication 22 and Geological Society of America Special Paper 372.

0.00

(0 votes)

Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List of orogenies. Read more

|

Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Earth:List_of_orogenies&oldid=4162660"