List of southernmost items

Short description: None

The most southerly geographical features of various types are listed here.

## Contents

* 1 Cities and settlements
* 2 Geography
* 2.1 Islands
* 3 Nature
* 3.1 Animals
* 3.2 Plants
* 4 Agriculture
* 5 Education
* 6 Science and technology
* 7 Historical sites and archaeological findings
* 8 Transportation
* 9 Recreation
* 9.1 Sport
* 10 Religious buildings
* 11 Shops and service facilities
* 11.1 International brand names
* 11.1.1 Franchised food brands
* 12 Gardens/parks, zoos and aquaria
* 13 Other
* 14 See also
* 15 References

## Cities and settlements

Item  | Place  | Latitude/longitude

|
|

Capital (of an independent nation)  |  Wellington, New Zealand |  [ ⚑ ] 41°17′20″S 174°46′38″E﻿ / ﻿41.28889°S 174.77722°E﻿ / -41.28889; 174.77722﻿ (Wellington, New Zealand)
Permanent settlement of any size |  Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica |  [ ⚑ ] 90°S 0°E﻿ / ﻿90°S 0°E﻿ / -90; 0﻿ (Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica)
Settlement capable of housing more than 1,000 people[1] |  McMurdo Station, Antarctica |  [ ⚑ ] 77°51′S 166°40′E﻿ / ﻿77.85°S 166.667°E﻿ / -77.85; 166.667﻿ (McMurdo Station, Antarctica)
Town > 1,000 people  |  Puerto Williams, Chile |  [ ⚑ ] 54°56′S 67°37′W﻿ / ﻿54.933°S 67.617°W﻿ / -54.933; -67.617﻿ (Puerto Williams, Chile)
City > 50,000 people  |  Ushuaia, Argentina |  [ ⚑ ] 54°48′S 68°18′W﻿ / ﻿54.8°S 68.3°W﻿ / -54.8; -68.3﻿ (Ushuaia, Argentina)
City > 100,000 people  |  Punta Arenas, Chile |  [ ⚑ ] 53°10′S 70°56′W﻿ / ﻿53.167°S 70.933°W﻿ / -53.167; -70.933﻿ (Punta Arenas, Chile)
City > 250,000 people  |  Christchurch, New Zealand |  [ ⚑ ] 43°31′48″S 172°37′13″E﻿ / ﻿43.53°S 172.62028°E﻿ / -43.53; 172.62028﻿ (Christchurch, New Zealand)
City > 500,000 people  |  Mar del Plata, Argentina |  [ ⚑ ] 38°00′S 57°33′W﻿ / ﻿38°S 57.55°W﻿ / -38; -57.55﻿ (Mar del Plata, Argentina)
Metropolitan area > 5,000,000 people  |  Melbourne, Australia |  [ ⚑ ] 37°48′49″S 144°57′47″E﻿ / ﻿37.81361°S 144.96306°E﻿ / -37.81361; 144.96306﻿ (Melbourne, Australia)
Metropolitan area > 15,000,000 people  |  Buenos Aires, Argentina |  [ ⚑ ] 34°36′12″S 58°22′54″W﻿ / ﻿34.60333°S 58.38167°W﻿ / -34.60333; -58.38167﻿ (Buenos Aires, Argentina)
Metropolitan area > 20,000,000 people  |  São Paulo, Brazil |  [ ⚑ ] 23°33′06″S 46°38′01″W﻿ / ﻿23.55167°S 46.63361°W﻿ / -23.55167; -46.63361﻿ (São Paulo, Brazil)

## Geography

Item  | Place  | Latitude/longitude

|
|

Body of water (navigable)  | Bay of Whales, Ross Sea  |  [ ⚑ ] 78°30′S 164°20′W﻿ / ﻿78.5°S 164.333°W﻿ / -78.5; -164.333
Land (excluding Antarctica)  | Thule Island, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands  |  [ ⚑ ] 59°31′50″S 27°23′50″W﻿ / ﻿59.53056°S 27.39722°W﻿ / -59.53056; -27.39722

### Islands

Item  | Place  | Latitude/longitude

|
|

Any island (above sea level)  | Deverall Island  |  [ ⚑ ] 81°28′S 161°54′E﻿ / ﻿81.467°S 161.9°E﻿ / -81.467; 161.9
Any island (with bare rock, not ice-covered)  | Ross Island  |  [ ⚑ ] 77°50′S 166°40′E﻿ / ﻿77.833°S 166.667°E﻿ / -77.833; 166.667
Any size excluding Antarctica  | Thule Island |  [ ⚑ ] 59°27′S 27°18′W﻿ / ﻿59.45°S 27.3°W﻿ / -59.45; -27.3
Island > 10,000 km2 excluding Antarctica  | Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, Argentina /Chile |  [ ⚑ ] 55°02′S 56°27′W﻿ / ﻿55.033°S 56.45°W﻿ / -55.033; -56.45
Island > 100,000 km2 | South Island, New Zealand |  [ ⚑ ] 46°40′S 169°00′E﻿ / ﻿46.667°S 169°E﻿ / -46.667; 169
Coral atoll  | Elizabeth Reef, Australia |  [ ⚑ ] 29°57′S 159°4′E﻿ / ﻿29.95°S 159.067°E﻿ / -29.95; 159.067

Berkner Island is further south than any of these, but its bedrock lies entirely below sea level, with only its ice covering rising above.

## Nature

### Animals

Item  | Place  | Latitude/longitude

|
|

Bird: South polar skua (Stercorarius maccormicki)  | seen at the South Pole[2] |  [ ⚑ ] 90°00′S 00°00′W﻿ / ﻿90°S -0°E﻿ / -90; -0﻿ (South Pole, Antarctica)
Amphibian: Gray four-eyed frog (Pleurodema bufoninum)  | Southern tip of South America[3] |  [ ⚑ ] 53°54′S 71°18′W﻿ / ﻿53.9°S 71.3°W﻿ / -53.9; -71.3﻿ (Gray four-eyed frog)
Mammal: Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii)  | Southern Ocean[4][5] | 80th parallel south
Marsupial: Patagonian opossum (Lestodelphys halli)  | Estancia La Madrugada, Argentina [6] |  [ ⚑ ] 47°06′00″S 66°29′01″W﻿ / ﻿47.1°S 66.48361°W﻿ / -47.1; -66.48361﻿ (Lestodelphys)
Reptile: Liolaemus magellanicus | Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego[7] |  [ ⚑ ] 52°22′57″S 68°24′36″W﻿ / ﻿52.382367°S 68.409956°W﻿ / -52.382367; -68.409956﻿ (Liolaemus)
Insect: Antarctic midge (Belgica antarctica)  | Refuge Islands[8][9] |  [ ⚑ ] 68°21′S 67°10′W﻿ / ﻿68.35°S 67.167°W﻿ / -68.35; -67.167﻿ (Antarctic midge)
Fish: Gymnoscopelus nicholsi, Gymnoscopelus braueri, Electrona antarctica | Ross Sea[10] | 75th parallel south

### Plants

Item  | Place  | Latitude/longitude

|
|

Flowering plants (in greenhouses)  | Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica[11] |  [ ⚑ ] 90°00′S 139°16′W﻿ / ﻿90°S 139.267°W﻿ / -90; -139.267﻿ (Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica)
Grass and flowering plants (naturally occurring)  | Terra Firma Islands, Antarctica[12] |  [ ⚑ ] 68°42′S 67°32′W﻿ / ﻿68.7°S 67.533°W﻿ / -68.7; -67.533﻿ (Terra Firma Islands)
Trees (Nothofagus betuloides, naturally occurring)  | Hornos Island, Chile [13] |  [ ⚑ ] 55°58′S 67°15′W﻿ / ﻿55.967°S 67.25°W﻿ / -55.967; -67.25﻿ (Cape Horn)
Conifers (Pilgerodendron uviferum, naturally occurring)  | Tierra del Fuego, Chile [14][15] |  [ ⚑ ] 54°20′S 70°7′W﻿ / ﻿54.333°S 70.117°W﻿ / -54.333; -70.117﻿ (Tierra del Fuego)
Palms (nīkau (Rhopalostylis sapida), naturally occurring)  | Chatham Islands, New Zealand[16] |  [ ⚑ ] 44°02′S 176°26′W﻿ / ﻿44.033°S 176.433°W﻿ / -44.033; -176.433﻿ (Chatham Islands, New Zealand)

## Agriculture

Item  | Place  | Latitude/longitude

|
|

Cattle farm  | Estancia Moat, Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina [17] |  [ ⚑ ] 54°58′32.4″S 66°44′41″W﻿ / ﻿54.975667°S 66.74472°W﻿ / -54.975667; -66.74472﻿ (Estancia Moat)
Cherry orchard | Los Antiguos, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina [18] |  [ ⚑ ] 46°32′30.24″S 71°39′20.32″W﻿ / ﻿46.5417333°S 71.6556444°W﻿ / -46.5417333; -71.6556444
Potato farm | Centro Experimental Kampenaike, Magallanes Region, Chile [19] |  [ ⚑ ] 52°37′59.24″S 70°32′40.87″W﻿ / ﻿52.6331222°S 70.5446861°W﻿ / -52.6331222; -70.5446861
Rice field  | San Nicolás, Ñuble Region, Chile [20][21] |  [ ⚑ ] 36°30′12″S 72°12′44″W﻿ / ﻿36.503333°S 72.212222°W﻿ / -36.503333; -72.212222﻿ (San Nicolás)
Vineyard  | Chile Chico, Aysén Region, Chile [22] |  [ ⚑ ] 46°32′0.41″S 71°41′16.46″W﻿ / ﻿46.5334472°S 71.6879056°W﻿ / -46.5334472; -71.6879056﻿ (Viñedo experimental)

## Education

Item  | Place  | Latitude/longitude

|
|

International Baccalaureate school  | John McGlashan College, Dunedin, New Zealand[23] |  [ ⚑ ] 45°51′17″S 170°29′55″E﻿ / ﻿45.85472°S 170.49861°E﻿ / -45.85472; 170.49861﻿ (John McGlashan College in Dunedin)
University  | National University of Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, Argentina [24] |  [ ⚑ ] 54°48′57″S 68°19′04″W﻿ / ﻿54.81583°S 68.31778°W﻿ / -54.81583; -68.31778﻿ (Ushuaia, Argentina)
Kindergarten  | Puerto Williams,[25] Chile |  [ ⚑ ] 54°55′59″S 67°37′00″W﻿ / ﻿54.93306°S 67.6166667°W﻿ / -54.93306; -67.6166667﻿ (Kindergarten in Puerto Williams)
Secondary school  | Puerto Williams, Chile [26] |  [ ⚑ ] 54°55′59″S 67°37′00″W﻿ / ﻿54.93306°S 67.6166667°W﻿ / -54.93306; -67.6166667﻿ (Puerto Williams, Chile)
Primary school  | Escuela Nº 38 "Presidente Raúl Ricardo Alfonsín", Esperanza Base, Antarctica[27] |  [ ⚑ ] 63°24′S 57°00′W﻿ / ﻿63.4°S 57°W﻿ / -63.4; -57﻿ (Esperanza Base, Antarctica)

## Science and technology

Item  | Place  | Latitude/longitude

|
|

Astronomical observatory | South Pole Telescope, Antarctica |  [ ⚑ ] 90°S 0°E﻿ / ﻿90°S 0°E﻿ / -90; 0﻿ (South Pole Telescope, Antarctica)
Permanent scientific
research station  | Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica |  [ ⚑ ] 90°S 0°E﻿ / ﻿90°S 0°E﻿ / -90; 0﻿ (Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica)
Planetarium | Otago Museum, Dunedin, New Zealand[28] |  [ ⚑ ] 45°51′56″S 170°30′38″E﻿ / ﻿45.865678°S 170.510471°E﻿ / -45.865678; 170.510471﻿ (Otago Museum)
Nuclear power plant  | Atucha I, Argentina [29] |  [ ⚑ ] 33°58′S 59°12′W﻿ / ﻿33.967°S 59.2°W﻿ / -33.967; -59.2﻿ (Atucha I Nuclear Power Plant, Argentina)
Atucha II, Argentina [citation needed] |  [ ⚑ ] 33°58′S 59°12′W﻿ / ﻿33.967°S 59.2°W﻿ / -33.967; -59.2﻿ (Atucha I Nuclear Power Plant, Argentina)

## Historical sites and archaeological findings

Item  | Place  | Latitude/longitude

|
|

Prehistoric archaeological site  | Yaghan people's Cape Horn hunting camp,[30] Chile .  |  [ ⚑ ] 55°58′19″S 67°15′50″W﻿ / ﻿55.97183°S 67.264006°W﻿ / -55.97183; -67.264006﻿ (Isla Hornos, Chile)

## Transportation

Item  | Place  | Latitude/longitude

|
|

Airfield (permanent, no scheduled flights)  | Jack F. Paulus Skiway at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica |  [ ⚑ ] 89°59′22″S 1°0′0″W﻿ / ﻿89.98944°S 1°W﻿ / -89.98944; -1﻿ (Jack F. Paulus Skiway, Antarctica)
Seaport/Harbour  | Winter Quarters Bay, McMurdo Station, Antarctica[31] |  [ ⚑ ] 77°51′S 166°40′E﻿ / ﻿77.85°S 166.667°E﻿ / -77.85; 166.667﻿ (McMurdo Station, Antarctica)
Airport (permanent, with scheduled flights)  | Guardiamarina Zañartu Airport, Puerto Williams, Chile |  [ ⚑ ] 54°56′S 67°37′W﻿ / ﻿54.933°S 67.617°W﻿ / -54.933; -67.617﻿ (Guardiamarina Zañartu Airport)
International airport  | Ushuaia – Malvinas Argentinas International Airport, Ushuaia, Argentina |  [ ⚑ ] 54°50′S 068°17′W﻿ / ﻿54.833°S 68.283°W﻿ / -54.833; -68.283﻿ (Ushuaia – Malvinas Argentinas International Airport)
Metro station  | Plaza de los Virreyes - Eva Perón in Buenos Aires, Argentina[32] |  [ ⚑ ] 34°38′34.9″S 58°27′41.8″W﻿ / ﻿34.643028°S 58.461611°W﻿ / -34.643028; -58.461611﻿ (Plaza de los Virreyes - Eva Perón)
Suburban rail (Regular passenger services)  | Wellington Central station in Wellington, New Zealand  | 41°16′43″S 174°46′51″E
Railway  | Southern Fuegian Railway (Ferrocarril Austral Fueguino) from Ushuaia to the Tierra del Fuego National Park in Argentina [33] |  [ ⚑ ] 54°48′S 68°18′W﻿ / ﻿54.8°S 68.3°W﻿ / -54.8; -68.3﻿ (Ushuaia, Argentina)
Narrow gauge railway  | Dumont d'Urville Station, Antarctica[34][35]

The record was previously held by a 1963 installed line at the British Antarctic Survey base at Signy Island.[34]

|  [ ⚑ ] 66°40′S 140°01′E﻿ / ﻿66.667°S 140.017°E﻿ / -66.667; 140.017﻿ (Dumont d'Urville Station, Antarctica)
Suspension bridge | Bodie Creek Suspension Bridge, Falkland Islands[36] |  [ ⚑ ] 51°51′14″S 59°01′04″E﻿ / ﻿51.853912°S 59.017825°E﻿ / -51.853912; 59.017825﻿ (Bodie Creek Suspension Bridge)
Underground railway station  | Flagstaff railway station, Melbourne, Australia  |  [ ⚑ ] : 37°48′44″S 144°57′22″E﻿ / ﻿37.812121°S 144.956065°E﻿ / -37.812121; 144.956065

## Recreation

### Sport

Item  | Place  | Latitude/longitude

|
|

Bowling club | Stewart Island Bowling Club, Oban, New Zealand[37] |  [ ⚑ ] 46°53′57″S 168°07′43″E﻿ / ﻿46.899224°S 168.128746°E﻿ / -46.899224; 168.128746﻿ (Stewart Island Bowling Club)
Ski resort  | Cerro Castor, Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina[38] |  [ ⚑ ] 54°43′S 68°00′W﻿ / ﻿54.717°S 68°W﻿ / -54.717; -68﻿ (Cerro Castor)
Golf club  | Ushuaia Golf Club, Ushuaia, Argentina [39] |  [ ⚑ ] 54°49′52″S 68°25′02″E﻿ / ﻿54.831183°S 68.417283°E﻿ / -54.831183; 68.417283﻿ (Ushuaia Golf Club)

## Religious buildings

Item  | Place  | Latitude/longitude

|
|

Church (ice-made)  | Chapel of Our Lady of the Snows, Belgrano II Base, Antarctica[40][41] |  [ ⚑ ] 77°52′S 34°37′W﻿ / ﻿77.867°S 34.617°W﻿ / -77.867; -34.617﻿ (Belgrano II Base, Antarctica)
Church (regular)  | Trinity Church, Antarctica (Russian Orthodox Church), King George Island, Antarctica[citation needed] |  [ ⚑ ] 62°12′S 58°58′W﻿ / ﻿62.2°S 58.967°W﻿ / -62.2; -58.967﻿ (King George Island, Antarctica)
Mormon church  | Puerto Williams, Chile [42] |  [ ⚑ ] 54°56′S 67°37′W﻿ / ﻿54.933°S 67.617°W﻿ / -54.933; -67.617﻿ (Mormon church of Puerto Williams, Chile)
Cathedral | El Sagrado Corazón, Diocese of Punta Arenas, Punta Arenas, Chile [43] |  [ ⚑ ] 53°10′S 70°56′W﻿ / ﻿53.167°S 70.933°W﻿ / -53.167; -70.933﻿ (Punta Arenas, Chile)
Hindu temple  | Centro Cultural y Templo Hindu, Punta Arenas, Chile [44] |  [ ⚑ ] 53°10′S 70°56′W﻿ / ﻿53.167°S 70.933°W﻿ / -53.167; -70.933﻿ (Punta Arenas, Chile)
Mosque | Southland Muslim Association, Invercargill, New Zealand[45] |  [ ⚑ ] 46°24′35″S 168°23′20″E﻿ / ﻿46.40972°S 168.38889°E﻿ / -46.40972; 168.38889﻿ (Invercargill, New Zealand)
Synagogue | Dunedin Synagogue, Dunedin, New Zealand[46][47] |  [ ⚑ ] 45°52′S 170°30′E﻿ / ﻿45.867°S 170.5°E﻿ / -45.867; 170.5﻿ (Dunedin, New Zealand)
Buddhist stupa  | the Enlightenment Stupa at Portobello, Dunedin, New Zealand[48] |  [ ⚑ ] 45°51′S 170°39′E﻿ / ﻿45.85°S 170.65°E﻿ / -45.85; 170.65﻿ (Portobello, New Zealand)
Sikh Gurdwara | New Zealand Sikh Society (Wellington), Lower Hutt, New Zealand[49] |  [ ⚑ ] 41°12′S 174°57′E﻿ / ﻿41.2°S 174.95°E﻿ / -41.2; 174.95﻿ (New Zealand Sikh Society)

## Shops and service facilities

Item  | Place  | Latitude/longitude

|
|

Tourist office  | Puerto Williams,[50] Chile |  [ ⚑ ] 54°55′59″S 67°37′00″W﻿ / ﻿54.93306°S 67.6166667°W﻿ / -54.93306; -67.6166667﻿ (Puerto Williams, Chile)
Restaurant | Lodge Lakutaia,[51] Puerto Williams, Chile |  [ ⚑ ] 54°56′12″S 67°36′47″W﻿ / ﻿54.936789°S 67.613039°W﻿ / -54.936789; -67.613039
Cinema  | Jubany Base, Antarctic Peninsula[citation needed] |  [ ⚑ ] 62°14′S 58°40′W﻿ / ﻿62.233°S 58.667°W﻿ / -62.233; -58.667﻿ (Jubany)
Public post office  | Port Lockroy, Goudier Island, Antarctica[52] |  [ ⚑ ] 64°49′S 63°30′W﻿ / ﻿64.817°S 63.5°W﻿ / -64.817; -63.5﻿ (Port Lockroy, Antarctica)
Bar  | Faraday Bar,[53] Vernadsky Research Base, Antarctica |  [ ⚑ ] 65°14′45″S 64°15′27″W﻿ / ﻿65.245747°S 64.257391°W﻿ / -65.245747; -64.257391
Automated teller machine | McMurdo Station, Antarctica[54] |  [ ⚑ ] 77°51′S 166°40′E﻿ / ﻿77.85°S 166.667°E﻿ / -77.85; 166.667﻿ (McMurdo Station, Antarctica)

### International brand names

Item  | Place  | Latitude/longitude

|
|

Mobil petrol station  | Invercargill, New Zealand |  [ ⚑ ] 46°25′46″S 168°21′42″E﻿ / ﻿46.42944°S 168.36167°E﻿ / -46.42944; 168.36167 [55]
H&M  | Christchurch, New Zealand |  [ ⚑ ] 43°32′00″S 172°38′16″E﻿ / ﻿43.5333333°S 172.63778°E﻿ / -43.5333333; 172.63778 [56]
Shell petrol station  | Blackmans Bay, Tasmania, Australia |  [ ⚑ ] 43°00′00″S 147°19′13″E﻿ / ﻿43°S 147.32028°E﻿ / -43; 147.32028 [57]
7-Eleven  | Rosebud, Victoria, Australia |  [ ⚑ ] 38°21′25″S 144°54′04″E﻿ / ﻿38.35694°S 144.90111°E﻿ / -38.35694; 144.90111 [58]
ECCO  | Moorabbin, Melbourne, Australia |  [ ⚑ ] 37°58′15″S 145°05′21″E﻿ / ﻿37.97083°S 145.08917°E﻿ / -37.97083; 145.08917 [59]
IKEA  | Springvale, Melbourne, Australia |  [ ⚑ ] 37°55′36″S 145°08′36″E﻿ / ﻿37.92667°S 145.14333°E﻿ / -37.92667; 145.14333

#### Franchised food brands

Item  | Place  | Latitude/longitude

|
|

Baskin-Robbins  | Camberwell, Melbourne, Australia |  [ ⚑ ] 37°49′50″S 145°03′24″E﻿ / ﻿37.830423°S 145.056742°E﻿ / -37.830423; 145.056742
Wendy's  | Dunedin, New Zealand[60] |  [ ⚑ ] 45°53′38″S 170°30′14″E﻿ / ﻿45.894013°S 170.503808°E﻿ / -45.894013; 170.503808
Starbucks  | Invercargill, New Zealand[61] |  [ ⚑ ] 46°24′43″S 168°20′57″E﻿ / ﻿46.411950°S 168.349075°E﻿ / -46.411950; 168.349075
Burger King  | Invercargill, New Zealand[62] |  [ ⚑ ] 46°24′48″S 168°21′42″E﻿ / ﻿46.413267°S 168.361750°E﻿ / -46.413267; 168.361750
KFC  | Invercargill, New Zealand |  [ ⚑ ] 46°25′08″S 168°21′42″E﻿ / ﻿46.418758°S 168.361609°E﻿ / -46.418758; 168.361609
McDonald's | Invercargill, New Zealand[63] |  [ ⚑ ] 46°25′15″S 168°21′41″E﻿ / ﻿46.420921°S 168.361503°E﻿ / -46.420921; 168.361503
Pizza Hut  | Invercargill, New Zealand |  [ ⚑ ] 46°25′40″S 168°21′41″E﻿ / ﻿46.427798°S 168.361313°E﻿ / -46.427798; 168.361313
Subway  | Invercargill, New Zealand |  [ ⚑ ] 46°25′40″S 168°21′42″E﻿ / ﻿46.427908°S 168.361736°E﻿ / -46.427908; 168.361736
Domino's Pizza | Punta Arenas, Chile |  [ ⚑ ] 53°08′20″S 70°53′23″W﻿ / ﻿53.138801°S 70.889852°W﻿ / -53.138801; -70.889852
Hard Rock Café  | Ushuaia, Argentina |  [ ⚑ ] 54°48′25″S 68°18′23″W﻿ / ﻿54.806825°S 68.3062502°W﻿ / -54.806825; -68.3062502

## Gardens/parks, zoos and aquaria

Item  | Place  | Latitude/longitude

|
|

National park  | Cabo de Hornos National Park, Tierra del Fuego, Chile |  [ ⚑ ] 55°49′58″S 67°25′58″W﻿ / ﻿55.83278°S 67.43278°W﻿ / -55.83278; -67.43278﻿ (Cabo de Hornos National Park)
Penguin reserve  | Magdalena Island Penguin Reserve, Magdalena Island, Magallanes Region, Chile [64]
Aviary  | Queens Park Aviary, Invercargill, New Zealand |  [ ⚑ ] 46°24′13″S 168°21′37″E﻿ / ﻿46.40361°S 168.36028°E﻿ / -46.40361; 168.36028
Botanical garden  | Jardín Botánico de Ushuaia, Ushuaia, Argentina [65] |  [ ⚑ ] 54°47′6.5″S 68°16′56″W﻿ / ﻿54.785139°S 68.28222°W﻿ / -54.785139; -68.28222

## Other

Item  | Place  | Latitude/longitude

|
|

UNESCO world heritage site (natural)  | French Austral Land and Seas[66] | Template:Coord/display/ (southernmost Point)
UNESCO world heritage site (cultural)  | Cueva de las Manos, Argentina [67] |  [ ⚑ ] 47°9′S 70°40′W﻿ / ﻿47.15°S 70.667°W﻿ / -47.15; -70.667﻿ (Cueva de las Manos, Argentina)
Skyscraper (>100 m)  | Majestic Centre, Wellington, New Zealand |  [ ⚑ ] 41°17′19″S 174°46′27″E﻿ / ﻿41.288501°S 174.774296°E﻿ / -41.288501; 174.774296﻿ (Majestic Centre)
Opera house  | Opera House, Wellington, New Zealand |  [ ⚑ ] 41°17′29″S 174°46′40″E﻿ / ﻿41.2915°S 174.7778°E﻿ / -41.2915; 174.7778﻿ (Wellington Opera House)
High-rise building  | Cue Building,[68] Invercargill, New Zealand |  [ ⚑ ] 46°24′40″S 168°20′57″E﻿ / ﻿46.4110°S 168.3493°E﻿ / -46.4110; 168.3493﻿ (Cue Building)
Mine  | Invierno mine, Riesco Island, Chile[69] |  [ ⚑ ] 52°52′11.92″S 71°37′31.13″W﻿ / ﻿52.8699778°S 71.6253139°W﻿ / -52.8699778; -71.6253139﻿ (Mina Invierno)
Brewery  | Cerveza Artesanal Beagle, Ushuaia, Argentina [70] |  [ ⚑ ] 54°47′24″S 68°15′57″W﻿ / ﻿54.789983°S 68.265745°W﻿ / -54.789983; -68.265745﻿ (Cerveza Artesenal Beagle)
Lighthouse | Monumental Cabo de Hornos, Hornos Island, Chile [71] |  [ ⚑ ] 55°57′54″S 67°13′12″W﻿ / ﻿55.965°S 67.22°W﻿ / -55.965; -67.22
Bell tower  | First Church of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand[72] |  [ ⚑ ] 45°52′34″S 170°30′17″E﻿ / ﻿45.8760°S 170.5047°E﻿ / -45.8760; 170.5047﻿ (First Church of Otago)
Place of birth of a human  | Esperanza Base, Antarctica (Emilio Marcos Palma in 1978 and seven others) [73] |  [ ⚑ ] 63°24′S 57°00′W﻿ / ﻿63.4°S 57°W﻿ / -63.4; -57﻿ (Esperanza Base, Antarctica)
Cemetery  | Buromskiy Island, Antarctica[74] |  [ ⚑ ] 66°32′S 93°0′E﻿ / ﻿66.533°S 93°E﻿ / -66.533; 93﻿ (Buromskiy Island Cemetery)

## See also

Map all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap

Download coordinates as: KML * GPX

* List of northernmost items
* Extreme points of Earth
* Extreme points of the Antarctic
* List of countries by southernmost point

## References

1. ↑ "4.0 Antarctica - Past and Present". https://www.nsf.gov/pubs/1997/antpanel/4past.htm.
2. ↑ "Skuas - Wildlife of Antarctica - Antarctic Connection". http://www.antarcticconnection.com/antarctic/wildlife/birds/skuas.shtml.
3. ↑ Fairbanks, Mailing Address: 101 Dunkel St Suite 110; Us, AK 99701 Phone: 907459-3730 Contact. "Amphibians 101 - Gates Of The Arctic National Park & Preserve (U.S. National Park Service)". https://www.nps.gov/gaar/learn/nature/wood-frog-page-5.htm.
4. ↑ "Antarctica: Marine Mammals". http://www.marinebio.net/marinescience/04benthon/AAmammals.htm.
5. ↑ Routti, Heli; Krafft, Bjørn A.; Herzke, Dorte; Eisert, Regina; Oftedal, Olav (February 1, 2015). "Perfluoroalkyl substances detected in the world's southernmost marine mammal, the Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii)". Environmental Pollution 197: 62–67. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2014.11.026. PMID 25497307.
6. ↑ Birney, Elmer C.; Monjeau, J. Adrian; Phillips, Carleton J. Sikes, Robert S.; Kim, Iksoo. 1996. Lestodelphys halli: new information on a poorly known Argentine marsupial. Mastozoología Neotropical 3:171-181.
7. ↑ Jaksic, Fabian M. (2022). "Historical account and current ecological knowledge of the southernmost lizard in the world, Liolaemus magellanicus (Squamata: Liolaemidae)". Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 95 (7). doi:10.1186/s40693-022-00112-y.
8. ↑ "Stress tolerance in a polyextremophile: The southernmost insect | Request PDF". https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271714668.
9. ↑ Usher, Michael B.; Edwards, Marion (September 1, 1984). "A dipteran from south of the Antarctic Circle: Belgica antarctica (Chironomidae) with a description of its larva". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 23 (1): 19–31. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1984.tb00803.x. https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article/23/1/19/2666295. Retrieved March 23, 2020.
10. ↑ "Archived copy". http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/508228/1/Atlas_Chap.7-Duhamel_et_al_2014-F.pdf.
11. ↑ "UA, Tempe company bring veggies to South Pole". http://www.azcentral.com/arizonarepublic/business/articles/1110greenhouse10.html.
12. ↑ Smith, Roff. "Frozen Under". National Geographic. http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com:80/ngm/data/2001/12/01/html/ft_20011201.1.html. Retrieved 2012-06-23.
13. ↑ Welch, Craig (July 2020). "The tree at the bottom of the world—and the wind-blasted trek to find it". National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/07/journey-to-the-worlds-southernmost-tree/.
14. ↑ Soto, Daniel P.; Le Quesne, Carlos; Lara, Antonio; Gardner, Martin F. (2007). "Precarious conservation status of Pilgerodendron uviferum forests in their northern distribution in the Chilean Coastal Range". Bosque 28 (3): 263–270. doi:10.4067/S0717-92002007000300012. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/1731/173113292012.pdf.
15. ↑ Allnutt, T.R.; Newton, A.C.; Premoli, A.; Lara, A. (2003). "Genetic variation in the threatened South American conifer Pilgerodendron uviferum (Cupressaceae), detected using RAPD markers". Biological Conservation 114 (2): 245–253. doi:10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00044-2. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320703000442.
16. ↑ "Bushmansfriend: Forest walks, Nature Photography & NZ Flora - Native Plant Information - New Zealand, native trees, natives, shrubs, information". http://www.bushmansfriend.co.nz/xurl/PageID/9165/ArticleID/-33868/function/moreinfo/content.html.
17. ↑ Hoffmann, M. A. (1974). The southernmost cattle exploitation in the world. Development action of the Argentine Army in an isle of Tierra del Fuego. (in Spanish). Anales de la Sociedad Rural Argentina.
18. ↑ "Los Antiguos: la cereza más austral del mundo" (in Spanish). LRA Radio Nacional. 2022-07-22. https://www.radionacional.com.ar/los-antiguos-la-cereza-mas-austral-del-mundo/.
19. ↑ "Chile: INIA prepara la cosecha más austral de papa semilla certificada" (in Spanish). Argenpapa. 2020-04-03. https://www.argenpapa.com.ar/noticia/8837-chile-inia-prepara-la-cosecha-mas-austral-de-papa-semilla-certificada.
20. ↑ Paredes, C.M.; Becerra, V.V.; Donoso, Ñ.G.; Cruz, G.M. (2021) Tolerancia al frío en el cultivo del arroz en el mundo. In: Paredes, C.M. (et al. (eds.)) 100 años del cultivo del arroz en Chile en un contexto internacional 1920-2020. Tomo I. Colección Libros INIA no. 40. Chillán (Chile): Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, p. 188-214. ISBN 978-956-7016-51-8
21. ↑ "Presente y perspectivas futuras del cultivo del arroz en Chile" (in Spanish). Mundo Agro. 2020-11-30. https://mundoagro.cl/presente-y-perspectivas-futuras-del-cultivo-del-arroz-en-chile/.
22. ↑ "Keokén, el viñedo más austral de Chile" (in Spanish). https://wip.cl/keoken-hasta-donde-hemos-podido-llegar/.
23. ↑ "John McGlashan College". http://www.ibo.org/en/school/001178/.
24. ↑ "Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego »". UNTDF. http://www.untdf.edu.ar.
25. ↑ ": : Dirección de Bienestar de la Armada de Chile : :". http://www.bienestararmada.cl/prontus_bienestar/antialone.html?page=http://www.bienestararmada.cl/prontus_bienestar/site/artic/20071016/pags/20071016080826.html.
26. ↑ "WWW. Municipalidad Cabo de Hornos. CL". http://www.municipalidadcabodehornos.cl/Paginas/liceo/t_director.htm.
27. ↑ "Escuela Nº38 Presidente Raúl Ricardo Alfonsín". http://www.marambio.aq/escuela38.html.
28. ↑ "World's southernmost planetarium opens in Dunedin". Newshub. https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/new-zealand/2015/12/worlds-southernmost-planetarium-opens-in-dunedin.html.
29. ↑ "Nucleoeléctrica Argentina (in Spanish)". http://www.na-sa.com.ar/centrales.
30. ↑ Buma, Brian; Morello, Flavia; Rodriguez, Karina; Fillol, Alberto Serrano (October 2022). "Antiquity announcement: Isla Hornos/Isla Lököshpi". Antiquity 96 (389): 1324–1329. doi:10.15184/aqy.2022.91.
31. ↑ Klein, Andrew G.; Kennicutt, Mahlon C.; Wolff, Gary A.; Sweet, Steve T.; Bloxom, Tiffany; Gielstra, Dianna A.; Cleckley, Marietta (2008). "The historical development of McMurdo station, Antarctica, an environmental perspective". Polar Geography 31 (3): 119–144. doi:10.1080/10889370802579856. "Winter Quarters Bay is the world's southernmost port.".
32. ↑ Oren (2018-06-12). "Riding to the Southernmost Subway Station in the World" (in en-US). https://orenstransitpage.com/the-travelogue/riding-to-the-southernmost-subway-station-in-the-world/.
33. ↑ "Tren del Fin del Mundo Ushuaia Tierra del Fuego Argentina". https://www.trendelfindelmundo.com.ar:443/es.
34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 David Rootes (1988). A concise account of Signy Base 'H'. British Antarctic Survey. p. 17. ISBN 085665129X.
35. ↑ Martin Coombs. "Big whales, small engines!". Railways of the Far South. http://www.railwaysofthefarsouth.co.uk/11cwhaling.html. Retrieved 2022-01-03.
36. ↑ "Southern most Suspension Bridge". http://text.fostlong-photography.com/Southern-most-Suspension-Bridge.
37. ↑ "Stewart Island bowling green opened - the world's southernmost green?". http://www.bowlsnz.co.nz/Category?Action=View&Category_id=2955.
38. ↑ Cerro Castor: esquí en el Fin del Mundo Revista Magna.
39. ↑ "At the imposing Patagonian geography, the perfect combination of challenge and contemplation.". http://www.argentina.travel/en/xp/the-southernmost-golf-course/4252#.V7yq6CPr3q4.
40. ↑ "Church in ice cave at Belgrano II station, Antarctica". http://www.waponline.it/ChurchinAntarctica/tabid/65/Default.aspx.
41. ↑ "Mass at ice church in Belgrano II Base". http://www.ejercito.mil.ar/antartico/fotos/BaseBelgrano/pages/Misa_jpg.htm.
42. ↑ "Nearby Churches | ComeUntoChrist.org". https://www.comeuntochrist.org/worship-with-us/nearby-churches.
43. ↑ "Obispado de Punta Arenas". http://www.iglesia.cl/puntaarenas/.
44. ↑ Academy, Himalayan. "Hinduism Today Magazine". https://www.hinduismtoday.com/.
45. ↑ "Southland Muslim Association Inc, Invercargill, 9810, New Zealand - Islamic Centers, Masjids Mosques, Muslim Owned Businesses, Islamic Schools and Colleges". Islamicfinder.org. 2011-04-20. http://www.islamicfinder.org/getitWorld.php?id=96144.
46. ↑ "NZ Jewish Archives - Temple Sinai". http://www.sinai.org.nz/community/archives.html.
47. ↑ Google Books : The New Zealand Jewish Community By Stephen I. Levine
48. ↑ "Dhargyey Buddhist Centre Home Page". https://dbc.dharmakara.net/.
49. ↑ "Gurudwaras of World". https://www.worldgurudwaras.com/users/login?return=L2luZGV4LnBocD9vcHRpb249Y29tX210cmVlJmFtcDt0YXNrPWFkZGxpc3RpbmcmYW1wO2xpbmtfaWQ9MCZhbXA7SXRlbWlkPTEzOQ==.
50. ↑ [1]
51. ↑ "☞ The Most Southern Restaurant in the World / Самые южный ресторан в мире". http://restoran.us/trivia/southern.htm.
52. ↑ "UKAHT - UKAHT". http://www.ukaht.org/.
53. ↑ "Having A drink At The World's Southernmost Bar". March 11, 2016. https://annualadventure.com/southernmost-bar-antarctica/.
54. ↑ "Group". http://consumerist.com/2010/07/rejoice-penguins-wells-fargo-has-an-atm-in-antartica.html.
55. ↑ "Find Gas Stations Near Me | Esso Fuel Finder". http://www.fuels.esso.co.th/en-th/find-station?latitude1=-46.37451105273903&longitude1=168.29256184082033&latitude2=-46.43369711214521&longitude2=168.4120381591797.
56. ↑ [2] "Store Locator"
57. ↑ [3] "Fuel Finder; Gas Station Locator"
58. ↑ "Find a Store - Find Coffee, Gas, Food & More Nearby | 7-Eleven". https://www.7-eleven.com/locator.
59. ↑ "Service". https://global.ecco.com:443/en/service/find-a-store.
60. ↑ "World's southernmost Wendy's is now open in Dunedin". 2015-03-12. http://www.wendys.co.nz/news/.
61. ↑ "Southern-most Starbucks draws tourist crowds". https://www.stuff.co.nz/southland-times/business/64893344/southern-most-starbucks-draws-tourist-crowds.
62. ↑ "City to hold meetings to discuss plans for upcoming bicycle boulevard projects". http://www2.ljworld.com/marketplace/businesses/burger-king-5970/print/.
63. ↑ "Southernmost McDonald's in the world in Invercargill, New Zealand". 2011-06-16. http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/southernmost-mcdonalds-in-the-world/.
64. ↑ Velez, Vitoria (2014-03-17). "Global warming a concern at Chile's penguin paradise". https://phys.org/news/2014-03-global-chile-penguin-paradise.html.
65. ↑ Mestre, L.; Caipillán, E.; Cánepa, L.; Rodríguez, S.; Herrera, M.L.; Fernández, L.; Argañaraz, C.I. (2021-09-09) (in Spanish). ﻿Creación del Jardín Botánico de Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina﻿ (Report). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354472909. Retrieved 2022-11-30.
66. ↑ (in en) Winners & Losers: Episode 4 - UNESCO World Heritage Sites, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cv_m5RKQVQ, retrieved 2020-04-15
67. ↑ World Heritage List and List of World Heritage Sites in the Americas
68. ↑ "Cue Building" (in English). https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1519581/cue-building-invercargill-new-zealand.
69. ↑ "The world's southernmost mines | MINING.com". http://www.mining.com/the-worlds-southernmost-mines/.
70. ↑ "101 Beer Experiences: Explore the edges of the world". January 18, 2016. https://draftmag.com/101-beer-experiences-explore-the-edges-of-the-world/.
71. ↑ Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of Southern Chile". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. http://www.ibiblio.org/lighthouse/chls.htm.
72. ↑ This Way Up (17 December 2016). "Ring my bells!". Radio New Zealand. http://www.radionz.co.nz/national/programmes/thiswayup/20161217.
73. ↑ "Times On Line article on Antarctica". http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article2859563.ece.
74. ↑ "List of Historic Sites and Monuments approved by the ATCM (2012)". Antarctic Treaty Secretariat. 2012. http://www.ats.aq/documents/ATCM35/WW/atcm35_ww003_e.pdf.

* Moore, D. M. (1983). Flora of Tierra del Fuego.

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