Meiji Seamount

Short description: The oldest seamount in the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain

Meiji Seamount

Elevation of the Pacific seafloor, showing the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain including Meiji Seamount near top.

Summit depth| approx. 2,000 m (6,562 ft)
Location
Location| North Pacific Ocean, east of the Kamchatka Peninsula
Coordinates|  [ ⚑ ] : 53°12′N 164°30′E﻿ / ﻿53.2°N 164.5°E﻿ / 53.2; 164.5
Geology
Type| Guyot
Volcanic arc/chain| Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain
Age of rock| 82 million years

Meiji Seamount, named after Emperor Meiji, the 122nd Emperor of Japan, is the oldest seamount in the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain, with an estimated age of 82 million years.[1] It lies at the northernmost end of the chain, lies off the coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula, and is perched at the outer slope of the Kuril–Kamchatka Trench.[2] Like the rest of the Emperor seamounts, it was formed by the Hawaii hotspot volcanism, grew to become an island, and has since subsided to below sea level, all while being carried first north and now northwest by the motion of the Pacific Plate. Meiji Seamount is thus an example of a particular type of seamount known as a guyot, and some publications refer to it as Meiji Guyot.[3]

Meiji Seamount will eventually be destroyed by subduction into the Kuril–Kamchatka Trench where it is carried by the ongoing plate motion,[4] although this will not fully occur for several million more years if the current rate of motion is maintained. Although Meiji is the oldest extant seamount in the Hawaii-Emperor chain, the question of whether there were older seamounts in the chain which have already been subducted into the trench remains open, and is the subject of ongoing scientific research.

The Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Leg 19, Hole 192A, recovered 13 m (43 ft) of pillow lava from near the summit of Meiji.[5][6] The lavas were initially classified as alkali basalts on the basis of their mineralogy, but subsequent microprobe analyses of glass and pyroxene suggested that they are tholeiitic in origin. At least five flows were found.[7]

## See also

* Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain
* Evolution of Hawaiian volcanoes
* Hotspot (geology)
* Detroit Seamount

## References

Notes

1. ↑ Metzger, Ellen Pletcher (1995). "The STRATegy COLUMN for Precollege Science Teachers--Hot Spots, Plumes, and Plate Motion" (in en). Journal of Geological Education 43 (4): 408–413. doi:10.5408/0022-1368-43.4.408. ISSN 0022-1368. Bibcode: 1995JGeoE..43..408M. http://nagt-jge.org/doi/10.5408/0022-1368-43.4.408.
2. ↑ Jiang, Zhaoxia; Li, Sanzhong; Liu, Qingsong; Zhang, Jianli; Zhou, Zaizheng; Zhang, Yuzhen (2021). "The trials and tribulations of the Hawaii hot spot model" (in en). Earth-Science Reviews 215: 103544. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103544. Bibcode: 2021ESRv..21503544J. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S001282522100043X.
3. ↑ Wei, Songqiao Shawn; Shearer, Peter M.; Lithgow-Bertelloni, Carolina; Stixrude, Lars; Tian, Dongdong (2020-11-20). "Oceanic plateau of the Hawaiian mantle plume head subducted to the uppermost lower mantle" (in en). Science 370 (6519): 983–987. doi:10.1126/science.abd0312. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 33214281. Bibcode: 2020Sci...370..983W. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abd0312.
4. ↑ Bürgmann, Roland (2005). "Interseismic coupling and asperity distribution along the Kamchatka subduction zone" (in en). Journal of Geophysical Research 110 (B7): B07405. doi:10.1029/2005JB003648. ISSN 0148-0227. Bibcode: 2005JGRB..110.7405B. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2005JB003648.
5. ↑ Dalrymple. G.B., Lanphere; M.A., Natland (1980), "K-Ar Minimum Age for Meiji Guyot, Emperor Seamount Chain", Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 55, Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 55, U.S. Government Printing Office, doi:10.2973/dsdp.proc.55.129.1980, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.55.129.1980, retrieved 2022-08-10
6. ↑ Scholl, David; Creager, Joe; Boyce, Robert; Echols, Ronald; Fullam, Timothy; Grow, John; Koizumi, Itaru; Lee, Homa et al. (1973). "Site 192" (in en). Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 19. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. 19. U.S. Government Printing Office. doi:10.2973/dsdp.proc.19.111.1973. http://deepseadrilling.org/19/dsdp_toc.htm.
7. ↑ Regelous, M.; Hofmann, A.W.; Abouchami, W; Galer, J.G. (2003-01-01). "Geochemistry of Lavas from the Emperor Seamounts, and the Geochemical Evolution of Hawaiian Magmatism from 85 to 42 Ma". Journal of Petrology 44 (1): 113–140. doi:10.1093/petrology/44.1.113. ISSN 1460-2415. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/44.1.113.

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Hawaiian volcanism topics (list)

Windward
Isles|

South Arch volcanic field
Lōʻihi
Māhukona
Hawaiʻi
Kīlauea (Kīlauea Iki, Puʻu ʻŌʻō)
Mauna Loa
Hualālai
Mauna Kea
Kohala
Kahoʻolawe
Kauaʻi
Kaʻula
Lānaʻi
Maui
Haleakalā
West Maui
Molokaʻi
Penguin Bank
West Molokai Volcano
East Molokai Volcano
Niʻihau
Oʻahu
Honolulu
Kaʻena
Koʻolau
North Arch volcanic field
Waiʻanae

Leeward
Isles|

* French Frigate Shoals
* Gardner Pinnacles
* Kure Atoll
* Laysan
* Lisianski Island
* Maro Reef
* Midway Atoll
* Necker Island
* Nihoa
* Pearl and Hermes Atoll

Emperor
Seamounts|

* Abbott
* Colahan
* Daikakuji
* Detroit
* Hancock
* Jingū
* Kammu
* Kimmei
* Koko
* Meiji
* Nintoku
* Ojin
* Suiko
* Yomei
* Yuryaku

Notable eruptions
and vents|

* 1955 Hawaiian submarine eruption
* 1975 eruption of Mauna Loa
* 1984 eruption of Mauna Loa
* 2018 lower Puna eruption
* Halemaʻumaʻu
* Kīlauea Iki
* Mauna Ulu
* Puʻu ʻŌʻō

Topics|

* ʻAʻā (lava)
* Evolution of Hawaiian volcanoes
* Haleakalā National Park
* Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park
* Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain
* Hawaiian eruption
* Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
* Lava fountain
* Limu o Pele
* Pāhoehoe (lava)
* Pele's hair
* Pele's tears
* Puna Geothermal Venture

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