Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean

Short description: Ancient ocean, present during the Mesozoic

The Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean, also known as the Khangai-Khantey Ocean, was a triangle-shaped ancient ocean present from Paleozoic to the Mesozoic,[1] whose oceanic floor rocks are preserved in the Mongol-Okhotsk suture zone extending through Mongolia to the Sea of Okhotsk. The ancient ocean began opening during the Early-Middle Paleozoic within the accretionary collage of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt,[2] and gradually started closing from west to east starting in the Late Triassic with a bending of the Western Mongolian Blocks and the formation of the Tuva-Mongol Orocline, and eventually a rapid scissor-like closure resulting in the collision between the Erguna Block and the Siberian Craton during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous.[1][3]

## Contents

* 1 Sequence of events
* 2 See also
* 3 External links
* 4 References

## Sequence of events

With the formation of the supercontinent Pangea in the mid- to late-Paleozoic, the vast Panthalassa ocean dominated 70 percent of the Earth's surface. The Tethys, Mongol-Okhotsk and various small domains of early Pacific Ocean crust constituted other small oceans. Paleomagnetic data collected between 1987 and 2010 suggest that the Mongol-Okhotsk oceanic crust subducted under the terranes of Mongolia in the Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous.

During the early Mesozoic, the Solonker Ocean, also known as the Intra-Asian Ocean closed bringing together two large continental blocks: Amuria and the North China Block. Amuria then collided with the Siberian Craton, preserving the Mongol-Okhotsk suture zone. Geologists debate why the suture zone ends abruptly near Kazakhstan and have used seismic tomography to develop different interpretations.

Most exposed rocks in the suture zone are thrusted accretionary wedges, often with ophiolites. Uranium-lead dating of basalt, dolerite gabbro as well as Silurian radiolarite gives ages constraints on the formation of the oceanic crust. Dated rocks in the Adaatsag ophiolite in the east are among the oldest at 325 million years old.[4][5]

## See also

* List of ancient oceans

## External links

* Mingshuai Zhu, Daniel Pastor–Galán, Matthijs A. Smit, Dorjgochoo Sanchir, Fuqin Zhang, Chenghao Liu, Ye Luo, Laicheng Miao: The Beginning of a Wilson Cycle in an Accretionary Orogen: The Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean Opened Assisted by a Devonian Mantle Plume. In: Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 51, Issue 10, 28. May 2024, e2024GL109028; doi:10.1029/2024GL109028. Epub 16 May 2024.
* Stephanie Pappas: Boiling rocks from Earth's crust tore an ocean into Mongolia 410 million years ago. LiveScience, June 26, 2024

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Chen, Long; Liang, Chenyue; Neubauer, Franz; Liu, Yongjiang; Yin, Junzhe; Gao, Xinru; Zhao, Jiaqi (2024-05-03). "Nature and multi-stage evolution of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean: New insights from the sedimentary record in the Mohe Basin". Earth-Science Reviews (Elsevier) 254. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104794. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0012825224001211. Retrieved 2025-07-13.
2. ↑ Zhu, Mingshuai; Pastor-Galán, Daniel; Smit, Matthijs A.; Sanchir, Dorjgochoo; Zhang, Fuqin; Liu, Chenghao; Luo, Ye; Miao, Laicheng (2024-05-06). "The Beginning of a Wilson Cycle in an Accretionary Orogen: The Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean Opened Assisted by a Devonian Mantle Plume". Geophysical Research Letters (American Geophysical Union) 51 (10). doi:10.1029/2024GL109028. https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2024GL109028. Retrieved 2025-07-13.
3. ↑ Zhao, Pan; Appel, Erwin; Deng, Chenglong; Xu, Bei (2023-05-03). "Bending of the Western Mongolian Blocks Initiated the Late Triassic Closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean and Formation of the Tuva-Mongol Orocline". Tectonics (American Geophysical Union) 42 (5). doi:10.1029/2022TC007475. https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2022TC007475?af=R. Retrieved 2025-07-13.
4. ↑ Van der Voo, van Hinsbergen, Domeier, Spakman, Torsvik (2015). Latest Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean: A paleomagnetic and seismological-tomographic analysis. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 513. pp. 589–92. ISBN 9780813725130. https://books.google.com/books?id=hbU2CwAAQBAJ&dq=mongol+okhotsk+ocean&pg=PA592.
5. ↑ Brunet, McCann, Sobel (2017). Geological evolution of Central Asian Basins and the Western Tian Shan Range. The Geological Society, Special Publication 427. p. 29. ISBN 9781862397385. https://books.google.com/books?id=XCc5DwAAQBAJ&dq=mongol+okhotsk+ocean&pg=PA29.

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