Mountains of Azerbaijan

Mountains of Azerbaijan cover approximately 60 percent of the country's land area.[1][2] There are three mountain ranges in the territory of Azerbaijan, which are the Greater Caucasus, the Lesser Caucasus, and the Talysh Mountains.[3] The elevation of the central mountains of these three mountain ranges is approximately 1000 – 2000 meters.[1] The height of high mountains of the Greater Caucasus is higher than 2200 meters and the Lesser Caucasus is higher than 2000 meters.[1]

Mountain ranges in Azerbaijan[1]

Mountain ranges | Area coverage (%) | Zones
Greater Caucasus  | 30  | Foothill (lower than 500 meters)
Low mountains (500 – 1200 meters)
Middle mountain (1200 – 2200 meters)
High mountains (higher than 2200 meters)
Lesser Caucasus  | 22  | Foothill (lower than 500 meters)
Low mountains (500 – 1200 meters)
Middle mountain (1200 – 2000 meters)
High mountains (higher than 2000 meters)
Talysh Mountains  | 6  | Pre – mountain plains (lower than 600 meters)
Low mountains (600 – 1000 meters)
Middle mountain (1000 – 2500 meters)

The Greater Caucasus range forms the north-east borders of Azerbaijan with Dagestan Autonomous Republic of Russia.[4] Bazarduzu, Shahdagh, and Tufandag are the high peaks of the mountain range.[5] The highest peak of the Greater Caucasus is Mount Bazarduzu, which is situated 14,652 feet (4466 meters) above the sea level, is also the highest point in Azerbaijan.[3][5] The mountains of the Greater Caucasus are located in the region of high degree of seismic activity.[5] The mountains are formed by rocks that date back to Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.[2]

The Lesser Caucasus is the second important mountain range in Azerbaijan and forms its south-western borders.[5] Mount Murovdag and Mount Zangezur are the main ridges of the Lesser Caucasus.[5] They are formed by sedimentary and volcanogenic rocks of Cretaceous and Jurassic periods.[2]

The Talysh Mountains cover the southeastern part of Azerbaijan and form part of its border with Iran.[4][5]

## Contents

* 1 Mountains of the Greater Caucasus
* 1.1 Bazarduzu
* 1.2 Shahdagh
* 1.3 Tufandag
* 2 Mountains of Lesser Caucasus
* 2.1 Murovdag
* 2.1.1 Gamishdag
* 2.2 Zangezur
* 2.2.1 Kaputjukh
* 2.3 Alinja
* 3 Talysh Mountains
* 3.1 Kyumyurkyoy
* 3.2 Gizyurdu
* 4 Other mountains
* 4.1 Mount Goyazan
* 4.2 Yanar Dag
* 5 Gallery
* 6 See also
* 7 References
* 8 External links

## Mountains of the Greater Caucasus

Bazarduzu (Azerbaijani Bazardüzü) - is the highest mountain in Azerbaijan (4466 m)

### Bazarduzu

The highest peak of the Greater Caucasus, Mount Bazarduzu, is the highest mountain in Azerbaijan.[3][6] It lies on the borders between Azerbaijan and Russia .[3] The rocks of Mount Bazarduzu are formed of shale porphyries.[7] Ice fields that consist of glaciers from Ice Age on the mountain are the biggest glaciers in the Eastern Caucasus.[7]

The first person who climbed the Mount Bazarduzu was Aleksej Aleksandrov from Russia in 1847.[3][7]

Mount Shahdagh

### Shahdagh

Mount Tufandag

The elevation of Mount Shahdagh is 13951 feet (4243 m), which is the second highest peak in the Greater Caucasus.[3][8] The mountain is located near to the border with Russia, in Gusar region of Azerbaijan.[3] There are caves at the base of the Mount Shahdagh, which show manmade activities around the mountain for over 9000 years.[3] The rocks of the mountain are formed by dolomites and limestones.[8]

### Tufandag

It is the third highest mountain in Azerbaijan with the height of 13770 feet (4191 m.).[3] Mount Tufandag lies in the Gusar region.[9]

List of mountains of the Greater Caucasus[9]

Name | Original name | Elevation (m) | Region
Bazarduzu  | Bazardüzü  | 4466  | Russian – Gusar border
Shahdagh  | Şahdağ  | 4243  | Gusar
Tufandag  | Tufandağ  | 4191  | Gusar
Bazaryurd  | Bazaryurd  | 4126  | Gusar and Gabala
Yarudag  | Yarıdağ  | 4116  | Gusar
Chingiz Mustafayev  | Çingiz Mustafayev  | 4062  | Guba
Ilham Peak  | İlham zirvəsi  | 4042  | Gusar
Heydar Peak  | Heydər zirvəsi  | 3751  | Gusar
Khinalig  | Xınalıq  | 3713  | Guba
Ragdan  | Raqdan  | 4020  | Gabala
Babadag  | Babadağ  | 3629  | Ismayilli
Atatürk  | Atatürk  | 3759  | Guba
Olympia Peak  | Olimpiya zirvəsi  | 3455  | Gusar
Ateshgah  | Atəşgah  | 2151  | Guba
Gizil Gaya  | Qızıl Qaya  | 3726  | Guba

## Mountains of Lesser Caucasus

Murovdag (Azerbaijani: Murovdağ)

### Murovdag

Within the Lesser Caucasus, the highest mountain ridge is Murovdag.[10] The range of the mountain is approximately 70 kilometers.[10]

#### Gamishdag

Mount Kaputjukh

The highest peak of the Murovdag ridge is Gamishdag and its elevation is 3724 meters.[11]

### Zangezur

The Zangezur mountain ridge bordered with Aghdaban peak in north-west and Araz river in south-east.[12] The range of the Zangezur ridge is approximately 130 kilometers.[12] In the center and south-east parts of the ridge, there are Gamigaya, Kaputjukh, Garangush, Davabouynu, Aychingil peaks.[12] Prominent mountains of the Zangezur ridge are Nahajir, Alinja, Ilandag, Gurddag, and Gizilboghaz mountains.[12]

#### Kaputjukh

Mount Kaputjukh is the highest peak of the Zangezur ridge and the highest mountain in the Lesser Caucasus.[11][13] The height of the mountain is 3904 meters.[11][13] It lies in Ordubad region of Nakhchivan.[13] There are ancient Gamigaya inscriptions on the rocks that are at the bottom of the mountain.[13]

### Alinja

Mount Alinja

Mount Alinja is located in Julfa region of Nakhchivan, on the shore of the river with the same name as mountain.[13] The elevation of Mount Alinja is 1811 meters.[13] It has volcanic origins.[13]

List of mountains of the Lesser Caucasus[14]

Name | Original name | Elevation (m) | Ridge
Kaputjukh  | Qapıcıq  | 3904  | Zangezur
Dalidag  | Dəlidağ  | 3616  | Garabagh volcanic highland
Gamish  | Gamışdağ  | 3724  | Murovdag
Kapaz  | Kəpəz  | 3066  | Murovdag
Goshgar  | Qoşqar  | 3361  | Murovdag
Hinaldag  | Hinaldağ  | 3367  | Murovdag
Gizilboghaz  | Qızılboğaz  | 3581  | Garabagh volcanic highland
Boyuk Ishigli  | Böyük Işıqlı  | 3550  | Garabagh volcanic highland
Alinja  | Əlincə  | 1811  | Zangezur

## Talysh Mountains

Talysh mountains in Masalli, Azerbaijan.

Talysh mountains are located in the south – east of Azerbaijan. There are three mountain ridge within the Talysh mountains, which of elevations reach 2477 meters.[2] They are Talysh, Burovar, and Peshteser.[2] There are few peaks that of heights are above 3000 meters (10000 ft).[15] The rocks of the mountains originated from volcanic rocks and carbonate rocks that date back to the Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Paleogene periods.[15]

### Kyumyurkyoy

The highest peak of Talysh mountains is the Mount Kyumyurkyoy (2493 meters).[5]

### Gizyurdu

Mount Gizyurdu is the second highest peak of Talysh mountains with the height of 2433 meters.[14]

List of the highest peaks of Talysh Mountains[14]

Name | Original name | Elevation (m)
Kyumyurkyoy  | Gömürgöy  | 2493
Gizyurdu  | Qızyurdu  | 2433

## Other mountains

Mount Goyazan

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### Mount Goyazan

The elevation of Mount Goyazan is located 20 kilometers far from Qazakh district of Azerbaijan.[16] Its elevation is 250 meters.[16] The mountain has volcanic origin and it is not connected to any mountain ridges.[16] At the bottom of the mountain, there are ancient dwellings.[16]

### Yanar Dag

Yanar Dag is located 27 kilometers far from Baku.[17] On the surface of Yanar Dag, there are fires of natural gas that flames continuously, and their height reaches to 10–15 meters.[17]

The historical-cultural and natural reserve was established in the territory of Yanar Dag by the presidential decree dated May 2, 2007.[17]

## Gallery

* Mount Beshbarmag

* Hinaldag

* Mountains of Gabala

* Mountains in Lahic, Ismayilli

* Mountains in Khinalig

* Mountains in Shaki

## See also

* Geography of Azerbaijan

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Price, Martin (2000). Cooperation in the European Mountains 2: The Caucasus. Switzerland: IUCN. ISBN 2831705347.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 "Azerbaijan". http://azerbaijan.az/portal/Nature/General/generalInfo_e.html.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 "Tallest Mountains in Azerbaijan" (in en). WorldAtlas. https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/tallest-mountains-in-azerbaijan.html.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Suny, Ronal (1996). Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. United States: DIANE Publishing. ISBN 0788128132. https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_B2W1YOG3N10C.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 "Azerbaijan | History, People, & Facts" (in en). Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Azerbaijan#ref44279.
6. ↑ Verda, Matteo (2014). Azerbaijan: An introduction to the Country. Italy: Edizioni Epoké. ISBN 9788898014361.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "Bazardüzü : Climbing, Hiking & Mountaineering : SummitPost" (in en). https://www.summitpost.org/bazard-z/973069.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Шах-даг - Энциклопедия, Брокгауз-Ефрон" (in Russian). http://gatchina3000.ru/big/115/115023_brockhaus-efron.htm.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Zirvələr | Azərbaycan Respublikası Ekologiya və Təbii Sərvətlər Nazirliyi" (in az). http://eco.gov.az/az/784-zirveler.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Satellite map of Murovdag, Azerbaijan. Latitude: 40.2667 Longitude: 46.3167" (in en). https://latitude.to/satellite-map/az/azerbaijan/62354/murovdag.
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Alizadeh, Akif; Guliyev, Ibrahim; Kadirov, Fakhraddin; Eppelbaum, Lev (2016). Geosciences of Azerbaijan: Volume I: Geology. Switzerland: Springer. ISBN 9783319273952.
12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Budagov, Budag (2005) (in Azerbaijani). Naxçıvan ensiklopediyası: II cild. Nakhchivan. ISBN 5-8066-1468-9.
13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 Bunyadov, Teymur (2005) (in Azerbaijani). Naxçıvan ensiklopediyası: I cild. Nakhchivan. ISBN 5-8066-1468-9.
14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 "Azərbaycanın relyefi" (in az). Kayzen. https://kayzen.az/blog/Azərbaycan-coğrafiyası/11/azərbaycanın-relyefi.html.
15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "Talish Mountains | mountains, Azerbaijan-Iran" (in en). Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Talish-Mountains.
16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 "Göyəzən dağı" (in az). http://gazakh.cls.az/more/text/20800.
17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 ""Yanardağ" Dövlət Tarix-Mədəniyyət və Təbiət Qoruğu - Tarixi qoruqlar | Kataloq GoMap.Az" (in az). https://kataloq.gomap.az/az/all-poi/culture/historical-reserve/9361d17ad56611e0ad4900226424597d.

## External links

* Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Azerbaijan Republic

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