North Pole-1

Short description: Soviet drifting ice station in the Arctic Ocean, opened in 1937

Otto Schmidt and pilots of their ANT-6-4M-34R "Aviaarktika"[1] aircraft, a specialized model of the North Pole-1 expedition to the North Pole, from left to right: Ivan Spirin, Mark Shevelev, Mikhail Babushkin, Otto Schmidt, Mikhail Vodopyanov, Anatoly Alekseev and Vasily Molokov, 1937

North Pole-1 (Russian: Северный полюс-1) was the world's first crewed drifting ice station in the Arctic Ocean, primarily used for research.

North Pole-1 was established on 21 May 1937 and officially opened on 6 June, some 20 kilometres (12 mi) from the North Pole by the expedition into the high latitudes Sever-1, led by Otto Schmidt. The expedition had been airlifted by aviation units under the command of Mark Shevelev. "NP-1" operated for 9 months, during which the ice floe travelled 2,850 kilometres (1,770 mi). The commander of the station was Ivan Papanin. On 19 February 1938 the Soviet ice breakers Taimyr and Murman took four polar explorers off the station close to the eastern coast of Greenland. They arrived in Leningrad on 15 March on board the icebreaker Yermak.[2]

The expedition members, hydrobiologist Pyotr Shirshov, geophysicist Yevgeny Fyodorov, radioman Ernst Krenkel, and the commander Ivan Papanin,[3] were awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union title.[2]

## References

1. ↑ "Tupolev TB-3 Four-Engine Heavy Bomber Aircraft". https://www.militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.php?aircraft_id=1437.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Саляев, Рашид (19 February 2013) (in ru). Murmansk. http://www.mvestnik.ru/shwpgn.asp?pid=201302198.
3. ↑ "North Pole Drifting Stations (1930s-1980s)". Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. 2011-08-17. http://www.whoi.edu/page.do?pid=66677.

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North Pole drifting ice stations

Soviet Union|

* NP-1: Ivan Papanin, Pyotr Shirshov, Yevgeny Fyodorov, Ernst Krenkel
* NP-2: Mikhail Somov
* NP-3: Alexey Tryoshnikov
* NP-4: Yevgeny Tolstikov, Aleksandr Dralkin
* NP-5
* NP-6
* NP-7
* NP-8
* NP-9
* NP-10
* NP-11
* NP-12
* NP-13
* NP-14
* NP-15
* NP-16
* NP-17
* NP-18
* NP-19: Artur Chilingarov
* NP-20
* NP-21
* NP-22
* NP-23
* NP-24
* NP-25
* NP-26
* NP-27
* NP-28
* NP-29
* NP-30
* NP-31

Russia|

* NP-32
* NP-33
* NP-34
* NP-35
* NP-36
* NP-37
* NP-38
* NP-39
* NP-40
* NP-2015

See also|

* Icebreaker Yermak
* Chief Directorate of the Northern Sea Route: Otto Schmidt
* Aviaarktika: Mark Shevelev
* Icebreaker Sedov: Konstantin Badygin, Vladimir Wiese
* Barneo

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Polar exploration

Arctic

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Farthest North
North Pole|

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* Polaris expedition
* missing name
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* Bessels
* British Arctic Expedition
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* Nares
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist.
* Stephenson
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* missing name
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* missing name
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* S. A. Andrée
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* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist.
* Sedov
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* missing name
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Northwest Passage
Northern Canada|

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* missing name
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* J. Cook
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist.
* Clerke
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* J. Ross
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* Parry
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* Lyon
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* Hoppner
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* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist.
* Beechey
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* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist.
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist.
* Collinson
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* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist.
* McClure
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist.
* Kellett
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* missing name
* Inglefield
* 2nd Grinnell Expedition
* missing name
* Kane
* missing name
* McClintock
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist.
* Young
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* missing name
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North East Passage
Russian Arctic|

* Pomors
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* missing name /  missing name
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* missing name
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* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist.
* missing name
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* Nuclear-powered icebreakers
* missing name
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Antarctic

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Southern Ocean|

* Roché
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* J. Cook
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist.
* Furneaux
* Smith
* missing name
* missing name
* Bellingshausen
* missing name
* Lazarev
* Bransfield
* Palmer
* Davis
* Weddell
* Morrell
* missing name
* Dumont d'Urville
* United States Exploring Expedition
* missing name
* Wilkes
* missing name
* Ringgold
* Ross expedition
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (J. C. Ross
* Abernethy)
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist. (Crozier)
* Cooper
* Challenger expedition
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist.
* Nares
* Murray
* missing name
* C. A. Larsen

"Heroic Age"|

* Belgian Antarctic Expedition
* missing name
* de Gerlache
* Lecointe
* Amundsen
* Cook
* Arctowski
* Racoviță
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* Southern Cross
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist.
* Borchgrevink
* Discovery
* missing name
* Discovery Hut
* Gauss
* Gauss
* Drygalski
* Swedish Antarctic Expedition
* missing name
* O. Nordenskjöld
* C. A. Larsen
* Scottish Antarctic Expedition
* Bruce
* missing name
* Orcadas Base
* Nimrod Expedition
* missing name
* French Antarctic Expeditions
* missing name
* Charcot
* Japanese Antarctic Expedition
* Shirase
* Amundsen's South Pole expedition
* missing name
* Amundsen
* Framheim
* Polheim
* Terra Nova
* missing name
* Scott
* Wilson
* E. R. Evans
* Crean
* Lashly
* Filchner
* Australasian Antarctic Expedition
* missing name
* Mawson
* Far Eastern Party
* Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
* missing name
* Ernest Shackleton
* Wild
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* Ross Sea party
* Mackintosh
* Shackleton–Rowett Expedition
* missing name

IPY * IGY
Modern research|

* Christensen
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* Hillary
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* 1st
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* 2nd
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* 3rd
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* Fiennes
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Farthest South
South Pole|

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* J. Cook
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist.
* Furneaux
* Weddell
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist.
* J. C. Ross
* Script error: The function "ship_prefix_templates" does not exist.
* Crozier
* Southern Cross
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* Discovery
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* missing name
* Amundsen
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* Oates
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* Byrd
* Balchen
* McKinley
* Dufek
* Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station
* Hillary
* V. Fuchs
* Pole of Cold
* Vostok Station
* Pole of inaccessibility
* Pole of Inaccessibility Station
* Tolstikov
* Crary
* A. Fuchs
* Messner

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