Sink (geography)

Death Valley, Spring 2005: ephemeral Lake Badwater in the flooded Badwater Basin

A geographic sink is a depression within an endorheic basin where water collects with no visible outlet. Instead of discharging, the collected water is lost due to evaporation and/or penetration (water sinking underground, e.g., to become groundwater in an aquifer). If the sink has karstic terrain, water will sink at a higher rate than the surface evaporation, and conversely if the lakebed or sink bed has a layer of soil that is largely impervious to water (hardpan), evaporation will predominate. Since dry lakes in sinks with hardpan have little penetration, they require more severe aridity/heat to eliminate collected water at a comparable rate as for a similar sink with appreciable penetration.

Depending on losses, precipitation, and inflow (e.g., a spring, a tributary, or flooding); the temporal result of a lake in a sink may be a persistent lake, an intermittent lake, a playa lake (temporarily covered with water), or an ephemeral lake.

## List of geographic sinks

* Mediterranean Sink during the Messinian Event
* Red Sea when blocked off by the Perim volcano
* Africa: Afar Depression
* USA: Carson Sink
* USA: Humboldt Sink
* USA: Quinn River Sink
* USA: Salton Sink

## See also

* Endorheic basin
* Sinkhole

## References

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